31 results on '"Mark Turner"'
Search Results
2. Balancing key stakeholder priorities and ethical principles to design a trial comparing intervention or expectant management for early-onset selective fetal growth restriction in monochorionic twin pregnancy: FERN qualitative study
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Kerry Woolfall, Mariana Popa, Mark Turner, Andrew Sharp, Asma Khalil, Richard Edmund Ashcroft, Smriti Prasad, Tracy Karen Mitchell, Natasha Fenwick, Christine Carnforth, and Shauna Leven
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Medicine - Abstract
Objectives As part of the FERN feasibility study, this qualitative research aimed to explore parents’ and clinicians’ views on the acceptability, feasibility and design of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of active intervention versus expectant management in monochorionic (MC) diamniotic twin pregnancies with early-onset (prior to 24 weeks) selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR). Interventions could include laser treatment or selective termination which could lead to the death or serious disability of one or both twins.Design Qualitative semi-structured interviews with parents and clinicians. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis and considered against the Principles of Biomedical Ethics.Participants and setting We interviewed 19 UK parents experiencing (six mothers, two partners) or had recently experienced (eight mothers, three partners) early-onset sFGR in MC twin pregnancy and 14 specialist clinicians from the UK and Europe.Results Participants viewed the proposed RCT as ‘ethically murky’ because they believed that the management of sFGR in MC twin pregnancy should be individualised according to the type and severity of sFGR. Clinicians prioritised the gestational age, size, decrease in growth velocity, access to the placental vessels and acceptability of intervention for parents. Discussions and decision-making about selective termination appeared to cause long-term harm (maleficence). The most important outcome for parents and clinicians was ‘live birth’. For clinicians, this was the live birth of at least one twin. For parents, this meant the live birth of both twins, even if this meant that their babies had neurodevelopmental impairment or disabilities.Conclusions All three pregnancy management approaches for sFGR in MC twin pregnancy carry risks and benefits, and the ultimate goal for parents is to receive individualised care to achieve the best possible outcome for both twins. An RCT was not acceptable to parents or clinicians or seen as ethically appropriate. Alternative study designs should be considered to answer this important research question.
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- 2024
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3. Development of the HT&Me intervention to support women with breast cancer to adhere to adjuvant endocrine therapy and improve quality of life
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Sarah-Jane F. Stewart, Joanna Slodkowska-Barabasz, Lucy McGeagh, Zoe Moon, Jo Brett, Mary Wells, Morven C. Brown, Mark Turner, Robert Horne, Deborah Fenlon, Farah Rehman, Henry Cain, Peter Donnelly, Victoria Harmer, Lesley Turner, Jan Rose, Linda Sharp, and Eila Watson
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Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Approximately 80% of breast cancers are oestrogen receptor positive (ER+). Patients treated surgically are usually recommended adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) for 5–10 years. AET significantly reduces recurrence, but up to 50% of women do not take it as prescribed. Objective: To co-design and develop an intervention to support AET adherence and improve health-related quality-of-life (QoL) in women with breast cancer. Methods: Design and development of the HT&Me intervention took a person-based approach and was guided by the Medical Research Council framework for complex interventions, based on evidence and underpinned by theory. Literature reviews, behavioural analysis, and extensive key stakeholder involvement informed ‘guiding principles’ and the intervention logic model. Using co-design principles, a prototype intervention was developed and refined. Results: The blended tailored HT&Me intervention supports women to self-manage their AET. It comprises initial and follow-up consultations with a trained nurse, supported with an animation video, a web-app and ongoing motivational ‘nudge’ messages. It addresses perceptual (e.g. doubts about necessity, treatment concerns) and practical (e.g. forgetting) barriers to adherence and provides information, support and behaviour change techniques to improve QoL. Iterative patient feedback maximised feasibility, acceptability, and likelihood of maintaining adherence; health professional feedback maximised likelihood of scalability. Conclusions: HT&Me has been systematically and rigorously developed to promote AET adherence and improve QoL, and is complemented with a logic model documenting hypothesized mechanisms of action. An ongoing feasibility trial will inform a future randomised control trial of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.
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- 2023
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4. Development and performance of the c4c national clinical trial networks for optimizing pediatric trial facilitation
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Eva Degraeuwe, Tessa van der Geest, Laura Persijn, Lieve Nuytinck, Ann Raes, Mark Turner, Ricardo M. Fernandes, Johan Vande Walle, Saskia N. de Wildt, and IMI2 project conect4children (c4c) consortium, including National Hubs/Networks Belgian Pediatric Clinical Research Network (BPCRN) (Belgium) and Pedmed-NL (Netherlands)
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pediatric ,drug development ,networks ,metrics ,feasibility ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
IntroductionThe high failure rate of industry-driven pediatric clinical trials leads to insufficient timely labeling of drugs in children and a lack of scientific evidence, resulting in the persistently high off-label drug use. National clinical trial networks can facilitate collaboration between sites, investigators, and experts, increasing the likelihood of successful trials. Within the conect4children (c4c) network, an Innovative Medicines Initiative 2-funded project, National Hubs hosted by National Clinical Trials Networks were set up across 21 European countries to facilitate the setup and execution of pediatric clinical trials. In this paper, we aim to present the performance metrics of the trial feasibility process as well as learnings and challenges encountered by the Belgian and Dutch Networks in working within the European c4c project.MethodThe c4c National Hubs streamline pediatric clinical trials by initiating early country outreach, identifying overlapping studies, recommending quality trial sites, and supporting trial budgeting for both industry and academic settings. To show the impact of Pedmed-NL and Belgian Pediatric Clinical Research Network (BPCRN), internal metrics were collected from 2019 to 2022 on four industry-sponsored and three academic trials performed within the c4c network. Timelines and outcomes of the site identification were collected and analyzed for industry trials. A qualitative analysis was conducted through c4c platforms, sponsor interactions, and stakeholder engagement to evaluate the added value of a research network.ResultsIn industry-sponsored trials, full feasibility questionnaires were completed within 2 weeks (n = 48), and inclusion rates were up to 80% of clinical sites. Before committing to c4c, 14% of sites were contacted by industry, leading to communication burdens. Utilizing national infrastructure knowledge and therapeutic environment insights helped optimize trial timelines and address feasibility challenges. In addition, national adaptations, such as bilingual staff and site development, played a role in streamlining trial operations in both academic and industry settings. Performance and experiences were similar for both networks.ConclusionThe early-facilitation examples from the c4c trials demonstrated promising metrics for two National Hubs, including optimized start-up timelines and aiding site selection quality. The learnings and challenges of the Belgian and Dutch Networks provided insights for the development of clinical research networks.
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- 2023
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5. Off-pump injectable versus on-pump conventional tissue valves for pulmonary valve replacement: the injectable valve implantation randomised trial (INVITE)
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Chris Rogers, Rachael Heys, Gianni Angelini, Massimo Caputo, Lucy Culliford, Serban Stoica, Andrew Parry, Mark Hamilton, Karen Sheehan, Rebecca Evans, Mark Turner, Barnaby Reeves, Terrie Walker-Smith, Nicola Viola, and Kim Wright
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Medicine - Abstract
Objectives To assess the effectiveness of injectable tissue pulmonary valve compared with standard pulmonary valve in patients requiring pulmonary valve replacement surgery.Design A multicentre, single-blind, parallel two-group randomised controlled trial. Participants were blind to their allocation. Follow-up continued for 6 months. Randomised allocations were generated by a computer using block randomisation, stratified by centre.Setting Two National Health Service secondary care centres in the UK.Participants People aged 12–80 years requiring pulmonary valve replacement.Interventions Participants were randomly allocated (1:1 ratio) to injectable pulmonary valve replacement (IPVR) without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) or standard pulmonary valve replacement (SPVR) with CPB.Primary and secondary outcome measures The primary outcome was chest drainage volume over the first 24 hours after surgery. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital clinical outcomes; valve and heart function 6 months postsurgery and health-related quality of life 6 weeks and 6 months postsurgery.Results Nineteen participants agreed to take part. Eleven were allocated to IPVR and eight to SPVR. The trial was stopped before the target sample size of 60 participants was reached due to challenges in recruitment. The primary analysis includes all randomised participants; there were no withdrawals. Chest drain volume 24 hours after surgery was on average 277.6 mL lower with IPVR (IPVR mean 340.0 mL; SPVR mean 633.8 mL; mean difference, −277.6; 95% CI, −484.0 to −71.2; p=0.005). There were no statistically significant differences in time to readiness for extubation (p=0.476), time to fitness for discharge (p=0.577) and time to first discharge from the intensive care unit (p=0.209). Six participants with IPVR required CPB. Safety profiles and quality of life scores were similar.Conclusions IPVR reduced chest drain volume despite >50% of participants requiring CPB. There was no evidence of any other benefit of IPVR.Trial registration number ISRCTN23538073.
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- 2023
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6. Immunogenicity and safety of concomitant and sequential administration of yellow fever YF-17D vaccine and tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate TAK-003: A phase 3 randomized, controlled study.
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Vianney Tricou, Brandon Essink, John E Ervin, Mark Turner, Ian Escudero, Martina Rauscher, Manja Brose, Inge Lefevre, Astrid Borkowski, and Derek Wallace
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
BackgroundYellow fever (YF) vaccination is often mandatory for travelers to YF-endemic areas. The areas with risk of YF partially overlap with those of dengue, for which there is currently no recommended vaccine available for dengue-naïve individuals. This phase 3 study assessed the immunogenicity and safety of concomitant and sequential administration of YF (YF-17D) and tetravalent dengue (TAK-003) vaccines in healthy adults aged 18-60 years living in areas of the US non-endemic for either virus.MethodsParticipants were randomized 1:1:1 to receive the following vaccinations at Months 0, 3, and 6, respectively: YF-17D+placebo, TAK-003, and TAK-003 (Group 1); TAK-003+placebo, TAK-003, and YF-17D (Group 2); or YF-17D+TAK-003, TAK-003, and placebo (Group 3). The primary objective was to demonstrate non-inferiority (upper bound of 95% confidence interval [UB95%CI] of difference Results900 adults were randomized. YF seroprotection rates one month post-YF-17D (Month 1) were 99.5% and 99.1% in Group 1 and 3, respectively, and non-inferiority was demonstrated (UB95%CI = 2.69% i.e. ConclusionsIn this study, YF-17D vaccine and TAK-003 were immunogenic and well tolerated when sequentially or concomitantly administered. The non-inferiority of immune responses to YF-17D and TAK-003 was demonstrated for concomitant administration of the 2 vaccines compared to separate vaccination, except against DENV-1 but with GMTs similar to those observed in other TAK-003 trials.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identified: NCT03342898.
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- 2023
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7. Impact of maternal antibodies and microbiota development on the immunogenicity of oral rotavirus vaccine in African, Indian, and European infants
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Edward P. K. Parker, Christina Bronowski, Kulandaipalayam Natarajan C. Sindhu, Sudhir Babji, Blossom Benny, Noelia Carmona-Vicente, Nedson Chasweka, End Chinyama, Nigel A. Cunliffe, Queen Dube, Sidhartha Giri, Nicholas C. Grassly, Annai Gunasekaran, Deborah Howarth, Sushil Immanuel, Khuzwayo C. Jere, Beate Kampmann, Jenna Lowe, Jonathan Mandolo, Ira Praharaj, Bakthavatsalam Sandya Rani, Sophia Silas, Vivek Kumar Srinivasan, Mark Turner, Srinivasan Venugopal, Valsan Philip Verghese, Alistair C. Darby, Gagandeep Kang, and Miren Iturriza-Gómara
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Science - Abstract
Oral rotavirus vaccine (ORV) efficacy varies between countries, but underlying reasons aren’t fully understood. In this prospective cohort study, authors show that maternal rotavirus-specific antibodies in serum and breastmilk and pre-vaccination microbiota diversity are negatively correlated with ORV response in India and Malawi but not in the UK.
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- 2021
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8. Landscape analysis for a neonatal disease progression model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Leveraging clinical trial experience and real-world data
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Jeffrey S. Barrett, Megan Cala Pane, Timothy Knab, William Roddy, Jack Beusmans, Eric Jordie, Kanwaljit Singh, Jonathan Michael Davis, Klaus Romero, Michael Padula, Bernard Thebaud, and Mark Turner
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bronchopulmonar dysplasia ,neonates ,disease progression ,real world data (RWD) ,rare disease ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
The 21st Century Cures Act requires FDA to expand its use of real-world evidence (RWE) to support approval of previously approved drugs for new disease indications and post-marketing study requirements. To address this need in neonates, the FDA and the Critical Path Institute (C-Path) established the International Neonatal Consortium (INC) to advance regulatory science and expedite neonatal drug development. FDA recently provided funding for INC to generate RWE to support regulatory decision making in neonatal drug development. One study is focused on developing a validated definition of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in neonates. BPD is difficult to diagnose with diverse disease trajectories and few viable treatment options. Despite intense research efforts, limited understanding of the underlying disease pathobiology and disease projection continues in the context of a computable phenotype. It will be important to determine if: 1) a large, multisource aggregation of real-world data (RWD) will allow identification of validated risk factors and surrogate endpoints for BPD, and 2) the inclusion of these simulations will identify risk factors and surrogate endpoints for studies to prevent or treat BPD and its related long-term complications. The overall goal is to develop qualified, fit-for-purpose disease progression models which facilitate credible trial simulations while quantitatively capturing mechanistic relationships relevant for disease progression and the development of future treatments. The extent to which neonatal RWD can inform these models is unknown and its appropriateness cannot be guaranteed. A component of this approach is the critical evaluation of the various RWD sources for context-of use (COU)-driven models. The present manuscript defines a landscape of the data including targeted literature searches and solicitation of neonatal RWD sources from international stakeholders; analysis plans to develop a family of models of BPD in neonates, leveraging previous clinical trial experience and real-world patient data is also described.
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- 2022
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9. The Political Economy of E-Government Innovation and Success in Korea
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Mark Turner, Joseph Kim, and Seung-Ho Kwon
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e-government ,Korea ,political economy ,ICT development ,e-government policy ,informatization ,Management. Industrial management ,HD28-70 ,Business ,HF5001-6182 - Abstract
ABSTRACT: Over the past two decades, Korea has established and maintained itself as one of the world’s leaders in e-government. This study explains why this has happened by using a political economy analysis. Qualitative case study methods have been utilized to enable sensemaking of Korea’s successful e-government development trajectory. Five complementary factors have been identified to account for this success. They are the legacy of the developmental state in defining government’s role in economic development; the impact of democratization on the nature of e-government services and provision; the shock impact of the Asian Financial Crisis that led to accelerated e-government development; the creation and maintenance of an effective policy process; an effective system of public administration. These factors have provided both the drivers and context for sustained successful e-government development. While the Korean experience supplies lessons for other countries’ e-government development, the whole model is not replicable as it is based on the particularities of Korean development.
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- 2022
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10. Oral Misoprostol alone versus oral misoprostol followed by oxytocin for labour induction in women with hypertension in pregnancy (MOLI): protocol for a randomised controlled trial
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Hillary Bracken, Kate Lightly, Shuchita Mundle, Robbie Kerr, Brian Faragher, Thomas Easterling, Simon Leigh, Mark Turner, Zarko Alfirevic, Beverly Winikoff, and Andrew Weeks
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Pre-eclampsia ,Induction of labour ,Misoprostol ,Oxytocin ,Augmentation of labour ,Randomized controlled trial ,Gynecology and obstetrics ,RG1-991 - Abstract
Abstract Background Every year approximately 30,000 women die from hypertensive disease in pregnancy. Magnesium sulphate and anti-hypertensives reduce morbidity, but delivery is the only cure. Low dose oral misoprostol, a prostaglandin E1 analogue, is a highly effective method for labour induction. Usually, once active labour has commenced, the misoprostol is replaced with an intravenous oxytocin infusion if ongoing stimulation is required. However, some studies have shown that oral misoprostol can be continued into active labour, a simpler and potentially more acceptable protocol for women. To date, these two protocols have never been directly compared. Methods This pragmatic, open-label, randomised trial will compare a misoprostol alone labour induction protocol with the standard misoprostol plus oxytocin protocol in three Indian hospitals. The study will recruit 520 pregnant women being induced for hypertensive disease in pregnancy and requiring augmentation after membrane rupture. Participants will be randomised to receive either further oral misoprostol 25mcg every 2 h, or titrated intravenous oxytocin. The primary outcome will be caesarean birth. Secondary outcomes will assess the efficacy of the induction process, maternal and fetal/neonatal complications and patient acceptability. This protocol (version 1.04) adheres to the SPIRIT checklist. A cost-effectiveness analysis, situational analysis and formal qualitative assessment of women’s experience are also planned. Discussion Avoiding oxytocin and continuing low dose misoprostol into active labour may have a number of benefits for both women and the health care system. Misoprostol is heat stable, oral medication and thus easy to store, transport and administer; qualities particularly desirable in low resource settings. An oral medication protocol requires less equipment (e.g. electronic infusion pumps) and may free up health care providers to assist with other aspects of the woman’s care. The simplicity of the protocol may also help to reduce human errors associated with the delivery of intravenous infusions. Finally, women may prefer to be mobile during labour and not restricted by an intravenous infusion. There is a need, therefore, to assess whether augmentation using oral misoprostol is superior clinically and economically to the standard protocol of intravenous oxytocin. Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov, NCT03749902 , registered on 21st Nov 2018.
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- 2021
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11. Larval fish sensitivity to a simulated cold-water pulse varies between species and age
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Scott Raymond, Jordi Ryall, John Koehn, Ben Fanson, Sarah Hill, Daniel Stoessel, Zeb Tonkin, Joanne Sharley, Charles Todd, Ashlen Campbell, Jarod Lyon, Mark Turner, and Brett Ingram
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dams ,rivers ,Murray cod ,Macquarie perch ,cold water pollution ,Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,Physical geography ,GB3-5030 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
The release of cold-water from hypolimnetic zones of impoundments sharply reduces downstream riverine water temperature. This cold-water pollution (CWP) can extend for hundreds of kilometres, severely challenging the physiological ability of aquatic fauna, particularly ectotherms such as fish, to maintain essential processes such as metabolism, development and growth and survival. The impact of CWP on native fish, especially early life stages, is poorly known. We investigated the effect of a 24-hour exposure to a range of environmentally-related water temperatures (8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20°C) on three age-classes (
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- 2022
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12. Immunogenicity and safety of lyophilized and liquid dengue tetravalent vaccine candidate formulations in healthy adults: a randomized, phase 2 clinical trial
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Mark Turner, Athanasia Papadimitriou, Peter Winkle, Nathan Segall, Michael Levin, Matthew Doust, Casey Johnson, Gregg Lucksinger, Carlos Fierro, Paul Pickrell, Marsha Raanan, Vianney Tricou, Astrid Borkowski, and Derek Wallace
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dengue ,vaccine ,adults ,tetravalent ,takeda ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Takeda has developed a live-attenuated dengue tetravalent vaccine candidate (TAK-003) which has been shown to be immunogenic with acceptable reactogenicity in phase 1 trials. In agreement with World Health Organization prequalification requirements for dengue vaccines, Takeda has manufactured a lyophilized formulation of TAK-003 that allows stable storage at +2°C to +8°C. This randomized, double-blind, phase 2 study (NCT02193087) was performed in 1002 healthy dengue-naïve adults, 18–49 years of age, across seven centers in the USA to compare the safety and immunogenicity of one or two doses of a lyophilized TAK-003 formulation with the liquid TAK-003 formulation used in previous phase 1 studies. The primary objective was to show immunologic equivalence in terms of geometric mean titers (GMT) of neutralizing antibodies to the four dengue serotypes one month after one dose of the lyophilized and liquid formulations. Secondary assessments were of safety and seropositivity rates, including after a second dose. The primary endpoint was not met, because immunologic equivalence after one dose was only shown for the DENV-2 serotype. Nonetheless, GMTs and seropositivity rates to all four serotypes were achieved with all formulations after two doses and are in line with what was observed in previous studies. Additionally, in view of the acceptable reactogenicity, with no vaccine-related serious adverse events reported, these data support continuing further clinical development of the lyophilized TAK-003 formulation.
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- 2020
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13. Top research priorities for preterm birth: results of a prioritisation partnership between people affected by preterm birth and healthcare professionals
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Sandy Oliver, Seilin Uhm, Lelia Duley, Sally Crowe, Anna L. David, Catherine P. James, Zoe Chivers, Gill Gyte, Chris Gale, Mark Turner, Bev Chambers, Irene Dowling, Jenny McNeill, Fiona Alderdice, Andrew Shennan, and Sanjeev Deshpande
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Gynecology and obstetrics ,RG1-991 - Abstract
Abstract Background We report a process to identify and prioritise research questions in preterm birth that are most important to people affected by preterm birth and healthcare practitioners in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. Methods Using consensus development methods established by the James Lind Alliance, unanswered research questions were identified using an online survey, a paper survey distributed in NHS preterm birth clinics and neonatal units, and through searching published systematic reviews and guidelines. Prioritisation of these questions was by online voting, with paper copies at the same NHS clinics and units, followed by a decision-making workshop of people affected by preterm birth and healthcare professionals. Results Overall 26 organisations participated. Three hundred and eighty six people responded to the survey, and 636 systematic reviews and 12 clinical guidelines were inspected for research recommendations. From this, a list of 122 uncertainties about the effects of treatment was collated: 70 from the survey, 28 from systematic reviews, and 24 from guidelines. After removing 18 duplicates, the 104 remaining questions went to a public online vote on the top 10. Five hundred and seven people voted; 231 (45%) people affected by preterm birth, 216 (43%) health professionals, and 55 (11%) affected by preterm birth who were also a health professional. Although the top priority was the same for all types of voter, there was variation in how other questions were ranked. Following review by the Steering Group, the top 30 questions were then taken to the prioritisation workshop. A list of top 15 questions was agreed, but with some clear differences in priorities between people affected by preterm birth and healthcare professionals. Conclusions These research questions prioritised by a partnership process between service users and healthcare professionals should inform the decisions of those who plan to fund research. Priorities of people affected by preterm birth were sometimes different from those of healthcare professionals, and future priority setting partnerships should consider reporting these separately, as well as in total.
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- 2019
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14. Novel Techniques to Crossing a Severely Stenotic Aortic Valve
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Ibrahim Yearoo, MBChB, Nikhil V. Joshi, MBBS, PhD, Mark Turner, MBChB, PhD, Kalaivani Mahadevan, MBChB, and Stephen H. Dorman, MBChB
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aortic valve ,imaging ,valve replacement ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
This report presents 2 cases with the use of different techniques to facilitate aortic valve crossing during transcatheter aortic valve replacement with a balloon-expandable system. Case 1 involves a balloon cushion technique with an Edwards Sapien 3 valve (Edwards Lifesciences), and case 2 describes successful crossing and implantation using a buddy balloon technique with an Edwards Sapien Ultra valve. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.)
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- 2019
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15. A feasibility pilot- a personalised physiotherapy led remote ACHD cardiac rehabilitation program
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Caroline Evans, Stephanie Curtis, Radwa Bedair, Mark Turner, Gergely Szantho, and Alan Graham Stuart
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Adult congenital heart disease ,Cardiac rehabilitation ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Objective: To determine the feasibility of physiotherapy led remote cardiac rehabilitation (RCR) for Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ACHD) patients and quantify the impact on physical activity levels and well-being. Method: ACHD cardiologists referred sedentary complex ACHD patients over 3 months, for 12-week physiotherapy-led RCR. RCR provided individualised exercise program and coaching via telephone clinics and apps. Outcomes in Self Efficacy for Exercise (SEE) and Satisfaction with Life Score (SWLC) were assessed by comparing patients' responses upon program completion to baseline. Results: 23 patients were referred, 11 completed the programme, 3 had learning difficulties. Participants were mainly female (9); age range 18–61 (median 24). Reasons for not completing RCR included; failure to attend initial appointments (7), lack of interest (1), too unwell (1), lost at follow up (1) and a death unrelated to RCR.Initially no patients were achieving the UK Physical Activity Guidelines; all 11 became more active fulfilling the guidelines. Improvements were seen in SEE with a mean increase of 23 (SD 12) and a mean improvement of 10 (SD 4) in SWLC. Participants (9) responded well to apps. Reasons for not using apps included limited phone storage capacity to download the app (1) or lack of device (2). Patients found RCR acceptable and a personalised approach was essential to improving efficacy. Conclusion: RCR is feasible, allowing patients to access specialised, personalised exercise advice and prescription and become more active, improving quality of life (QOL). Future work is required to improve uptake and extend to larger patient numbers.
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- 2021
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16. The Political Economy of E-Government Innovation and Success in Korea
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Mark Turner, Joseph Kim, and Seung-Ho Kwon
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e-government ,Korea ,political economy ,ICT development ,e-government policy ,informatization ,Management. Industrial management ,HD28-70 ,Business ,HF5001-6182 - Abstract
Over the past two decades, Korea has established and maintained itself as one of the world’s leaders in e-government. This study explains why this has happened by using a political economy analysis. Qualitative case study methods have been utilized to enable sensemaking of Korea’s successful e-government development trajectory. Five complementary factors have been identified to account for this success. They are the legacy of the developmental state in defining government’s role in economic development; the impact of democratization on the nature of e-government services and provision; the shock impact of the Asian Financial Crisis that led to accelerated e-government development; the creation and maintenance of an effective policy process; an effective system of public administration. These factors have provided both the drivers and context for sustained successful e-government development. While the Korean experience supplies lessons for other countries’ e-government development, the whole model is not replicable as it is based on the particularities of Korean development.
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- 2022
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17. Setting up a pragmatic clinical trial in a low-resource setting: A qualitative assessment of GoLBeT, a trial of podoconiosis management in Northern Ethiopia.
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Astrid C Erber, Victoria Ewing, Mark Turner, Meseret Molla, Gharib Murbe, Fikre Enquoselassie, Gail Davey, and Trudie Lang
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
BackgroundClinical trials are often perceived as being expensive, difficult and beyond the capacity of healthcare workers in low-resource settings. However, in order to improve healthcare coverage, the World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Report 2013 stated that all countries need to become generators as well as recipients of data. This study is a methodological examination of the steps and processes involved in setting up the Gojjam Lymphoedema Best Practice Trial (GoLBeT; ISRCTN67805210), a highly pragmatic clinical trial conducted in northern Ethiopia. Challenges to the trial and strategies used to deal with them were explored, together with the reasons for delays.Methodology and principal findingsQualitative research methods were used to analyse emails and reports from the period between trial inception and recruitment. This analysis was complemented by interviews with key informants from the trial operational team. The Global Health Research Process Map was used as a framework against which to compare the steps involved in setting up the trial. A mini-group discussion was conducted with the trial operational team after study completion for reflection and further recommendations. This study showed that the key areas of difficulty in setting up and planning this trial were: the study design, that is, deciding on the study endpoint, where and how best to measure it, and assuring statistical power; recruitment and appropriate training of staff; planning for data quality; and gaining regulatory approvals. Collaboration, for example with statisticians, the trial steering committee, the study monitors, and members of the local community was essential to successfully setting up the trial.Conclusions and significanceLessons learnt from this trial might guide others planning pragmatic trials in settings where research is not common, allowing them to anticipate possible challenges and address them through trial design, planning and operational delivery. We also hope that this example might encourage similar pragmatic studies to be undertaken. Such studies are rarely undertaken or locally led, but are an accessible and efficient way to drive improved outcomes in public health.
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- 2021
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18. Blended Classic Joint Attention and Multimodal Deixis
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Mark Turner, Maíra Avelar, and Milene Mendes de Oliveira
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Blended Classic Joint Attention. Multimodality. Spatial deixis. ,Language and Literature ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 - Abstract
In this paper, we aim at presenting the concept of Blended Classic Joint Attention (TURNER, 2015). At first, we discuss the concept of Classic Joint Attention (TOMASELLO, 1995, THOMAS; TURNER 2011), and then we illustrate BCJA using a scene from a video made by Jout Jout, a famous Brazilian youtuber. After that, we discuss the concept of multimodal deixis and present our data collection, which consist of four samples collected form the Distributed Little Red Hen Lab. Two of them are from Brazilian TV news, and the other two from US talk-show “The Daily Show”. We analyzed the multimodal verbo-gestural compounds in which the spatial deictics “here” and “aqui” co-occurs with manual gestures and eye-gazes. Results showed that in less prototypical examples, with fixed expressions, there is no interaction with the telespectator. On the other hand, in more prototypical examples, the eye-gazes are aimed at the telespectator, while the manual gesture is aimed at the immediate interlocutor.
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- 2019
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19. Suppression of Anti-Inflammatory Mediators in Metabolic Disease May Be Driven by Overwhelming Pro-Inflammatory Drivers
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Sehar Sajid, Mohammed Gulrez Zariwala, Richard Mackenzie, Mark Turner, Theo Nell, Srikanth Bellary, and Derek Renshaw
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Annexin A1 ,bariatric surgery ,lipodystrophy ,adipocytes ,inflammation ,FPR2/ALX receptor ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease and is associated with an increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome and co-morbidities. Dysregulated expansion of the adipose tissue during obesity induces local tissue hypoxia, altered secretory profile of adipokines, cytokines and chemokines, altered profile of local tissue inflammatory cells leading to the development of low-grade chronic inflammation. Low grade chronic inflammation is considered to be the underlying mechanism that increases the risk of developing obesity associated comorbidities. The glucocorticoid induced protein annexin A1 and its N-terminal peptides are anti-inflammatory mediators involved in resolving inflammation. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of annexin A1 in obesity and associated inflammation. To achieve this aim, the current study analysed data from two feasibility studies in clinical populations: (1) bariatric surgery patients (Pre- and 3 months post-surgery) and (2) Lipodystrophy patients. Plasma annexin A1 levels were increased at 3-months post-surgery compared to pre-surgery (1.2 ± 0.1 ng/mL, n = 19 vs. 1.6 ± 0.1 ng/mL, n = 9, p = 0.009) and positively correlated with adiponectin (p = 0.009, r = 0.468, n = 25). Plasma annexin A1 levels were decreased in patients with lipodystrophy compared to BMI matched controls (0.2 ± 0.1 ng/mL, n = 9 vs. 0.97 ± 0.1 ng/mL, n = 30, p = 0.008), whereas CRP levels were significantly elevated (3.3 ± 1.0 µg/mL, n = 9 vs. 1.4 ± 0.3 µg/mL, n = 31, p = 0.0074). The roles of annexin A1 were explored using an in vitro cell based model (SGBS cells) mimicking the inflammatory status that is observed in obesity. Acute treatment with the annexin A1 N-terminal peptide, AC2-26 differentially regulated gene expression (including PPARA (2.8 ± 0.7-fold, p = 0.0303, n = 3), ADIPOQ (2.0 ± 0.3-fold, p = 0.0073, n = 3), LEP (0.6 ± 0.2-fold, p = 0.0400, n = 3), NAMPT (0.4 ± 0.1-fold, p = 0.0039, n = 3) and RETN (0.1 ± 0.03-fold, p < 0.0001, n = 3) in mature obesogenic adipocytes indicating that annexin A1 may play a protective role in obesity and inflammation. However, this effect may be overshadowed by the continued increase in systemic inflammation associated with rapid tissue expansion in obesity.
- Published
- 2022
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20. Multifidelity Analysis of a Solo Propeller: Entropy Rise Using Vorticity Dynamics and Kinetic Energy Dissipation
- Author
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Kiran Siddappaji and Mark Turner
- Subjects
propellers ,entropy ,vorticity dynamics ,energy dissipation ,blade-element momentum theory ,Thermodynamics ,QC310.15-319 ,Descriptive and experimental mechanics ,QC120-168.85 - Abstract
Propellers for electric aviation are used in solo- and multirotor applications. Multifidelity analysis with reduced cycle time is crucial to explore several designs for energy minimization and range maximization. A low-fidelity design tool, py_BEM, is developed for design and analysis of a reverse-engineered solo 2-bladed propeller using blade-element momentum theory with physics enhancements including local Reynolds number effect, boundary-layer rotation, airfoil polar at large AoAs and stall delay. Spanwise properties from py_BEM are converted into 3D blade geometry using T-Blade3. S809 and NACA airfoil polar are utilized, obtained by XFOIL. Lift, drag, performance losses, wake analysis, comparison of 3D steady CFD with low fidelity tool, kinetic energy dissipation, entropy and exergy through irreversibility are analyzed. Spanwise thrust and torque comparison between low and high fidelity reveals the effect of blade rotation on the polar. Vorticity dynamics and boundary-vorticity flux methods describe the onset of flow separation and entropy rise. Various components of drag and loss are accounted. The entropy rise in the boundary layer and downstream propagation and mixing out with freestream are demonstrated qualitatively. Irreversibility is accounted downstream of the rotor using the second-law approach to understand the quality of available energy. The performance metrics are within 5% error for both fidelities.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Improved Prediction of Aerodynamic Loss Propagation as Entropy Rise in Wind Turbines Using Multifidelity Analysis
- Author
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Kiran Siddappaji and Mark Turner
- Subjects
blade element momentum theory ,vorticity ,dissipation ,wind turbine analysis ,entropy ,Technology - Abstract
Several physics-based enhancements are embedded in a low-fidelity general unducted rotor design analysis tool developed, py_BEM, including the local Reynolds number effect, rotational corrections to airfoil polar, stall delay model, high induction factor correction, polar at large angle of attack, exergetic efficiency calculation and momentum-based loss. A wind turbine rotor is analyzed in high fidelity designed from py_BEM using a 3D blade generator. It is a design derived from the NREL Phase VI rotor. Three design variations are analyzed using steady 3D CFD solutions to demonstrate the effect of geometry on aerodynamics. S809 and NACA 2420 airfoil properties are used for calculating the aerodynamic loading. Momentum, vorticity and energy transport are explained in depth and connected to entropy production as a measure of performance loss. KE dissipation downstream of the rotor is shown to be a significant contributor of entropy rise. Wake analysis demonstrates mixing with the free stream flow, which begins after 3 diameters downstream of the rotor and extends to about 25 diameters until the decay is very small. Vorticity dynamics is investigated using a boundary vorticity flux technique to demonstrate the relationship between streamwise vorticity and lift generated in boundary layers. Drag components are accounted as well. It is demonstrated using rothalpy that shaft power is not only torque multiplied by rotational velocity but a viscous power loss term must also be included. A multifidelity analysis of wind turbine aerodynamics is demonstrated by capturing flow physics at several levels.
- Published
- 2022
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22. Extended Statement by the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society President Regarding Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
- Author
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Philip MacCarthy, Dave Smith, Douglas Muir, Daniel Blackman, Mamta Buch, Peter Ludman, Clare Appleby, Nick Curzen, David Hildick-Smith, Neal Uren, Mark Turner, Uday Trivedi, and Adrian Banning
- Subjects
Surgery ,RD1-811 ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Very low-dose dexamethasone to facilitate extubation of preterm babies at risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: the MINIDEX feasibility RCT
- Author
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Helen Yates, Virginia Chiocchia, Louise Linsell, Nicolas Orsi, Edmund Juszczak, Kathryn Johnson, Philip Chetcuti, Claire Illingworth, Pollyanna Hardy, Vaneesha Monk, Simon Newell, and Mark Turner
- Subjects
bronchopulmonary dysplasia ,chronic lung disease ,dexamethasone ,corticosteroid ,neonate ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: Postnatal corticosteroids are used to improve lung function and reduce the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm babies. However, corticosteroids may be associated with adverse neurodevelopment. Despite a lack of evidence, some clinicians in the UK use very low-dose regimens of dexamethasone hoping for positive pulmonary effects and optimal neurodevelopment. Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of very low-dose dexamethasone at facilitating the extubation of ventilator-dependent preterm babies born at
- Published
- 2019
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24. الدراسة الإدراكية للفن واللغة والأدب
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Mark Turner and Ibrahim Amer
- Subjects
اللغة العربية -- البلاغة ,الفن ,اللغة العربية ,الأدب العربي -- تاريخ و نقد. ,Language and Literature - Abstract
إن التحول الإدراكي في العلوم الإنسانية هو أحد النواحي الأكثر عمومية في الدراسات الإنسانية المعاصرة؛ لأنها تتفاعل مع العلوم العصبية الإدراكية، وقد تبدو غير مألوفة لدارسي العلوم الإنسانية، بالرغم من أنها تشتق الكثير من محتواها وقضاياها البحثية المركزية والكثير من وسائلها من تقاليد العلوم الإنسانية منذ نشأة البلاغة القديمة. وتستهدف العلوم الإنسانية في جمعها بين القديم والجديد والربط بينهما الربط بين العلوم الإنسانية والعلوم الطبيعية، وكذلك الربط بين العلوم الشعرية والعلوم العصبية الإدراكية. والعلوم الإنسانية لا تستهدف خلق هجين أكاديمي، بل إيجاد نموذج عملي ومستدام وواضح ومتماسك فكريًا للإجابة عن الأسئلة الأساسية والمتكررة حول الوسائل الإدراكية للفن واللغة والأدب.
- Published
- 2017
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25. Tweet My Street: A Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration for the Analysis of Local Twitter Data
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Graeme Mearns, Rebecca Simmonds, Ranald Richardson, Mark Turner, Paul Watson, and Paolo Missier
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neogeography ,big data ,social media ,geo-location ,social inquiry ,Information technology ,T58.5-58.64 - Abstract
Tweet My Street is a cross-disciplinary project exploring the extent to which data derived from Twitter can reveal more about spatial and temporal behaviours and the meanings attached to these locally. This is done with a longer-term view to supporting the coproduction and delivery of local services, complaint mechanisms and horizontal community support networks. The project has involved the development of a web-based software application capable of retrieving, storing and visualising geo-located “tweets” (and associated digital content) from Twitter’s Firehose. This has been piloted in Newcastle upon Tyne (UK) and has proven a scalable tool that can aid the analysis of social media data geographically. Beyond explaining efforts to analyse pilot data via this software, this paper elucidates three methodological challenges encountered during early collaboration. These include issues relating to “proximity” with subjects, ethics and critical questions about scholars’ digital responsibilities during the neogeographic turn.
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- 2014
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26. Mistakes, Errors and Foul-Ups: Practice-Based Evidence for Evidence Based Practice
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Mark Turner
- Subjects
patient safety ,human error ,EBVM ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
In human medicine, the management of care to ensure safety for the service-user constitutes an important element of the patient ‘journey.’ The name given to this discipline is patient safety. It is founded upon those elements of good medical practice which help avoid or mitigate human error. Investigations in the U.S. first highlighted the alarming extent of medical error: Brennan et al. (1991) concluded that in the state of New York, the overall rate of adverse events was approximately 4% for hospitalised patients, which equated to over 13,000 deaths a year. Doctors looked to other safety critical industries and aviation in particular (Reason 1995), to address this phenomenon: there is now a wealth of research on the impact of various safety initiatives on measurable rates of harm. The World Health Organisation’s ‘Safe Surgery Saves Lives’ initiative - a campaign that advocates the use of a surgical checklist to standardise aspects of peri-operative care - is one example of aviation methodology successfully employed in a clinical setting (van Klei et al. 2012). The critical importance of effective communication, leadership and situational awareness has also been discussed at length in the human patient safety literature.ObjectivesVeterinary patient safety is an analogous discipline and researchers have attempted to understand more about the topic of veterinary medical error. However, the evidence-base for veterinary patient safety is sparse. This presentation aims to summarise the evidence to date and highlight the benefits in practice of an emerging subject. MethodA search of the terms veterinary patient safety on the PubMed database from 1990 to 2016 was performed.Findings15 articles were identified as contributing to the veterinary patient safety literature.OutcomeThe available literature has addressed a number of areas. The use of checklists in a clinical setting has been proven to reduce the incidence of specific undesirable events: alterations to a standard anaesthetic protocol in light of a clinical audit led to a demonstrable improvement in one North American university hospital (Hofmeister et al. 2014).Research into the progenitors of mistakes in practice reveal the effect of poor communication and a lack of team work (Kinnison et al. 2015). Research has also investigated vets’ attitudes toward error and their experiences of it. The psychological precursors to error in our industry seem to mirror those found in human medicine (Oxtoby et al. 2015). The evidence supporting a new attitude and approach to veterinary patient safety is growing.
- Published
- 2016
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27. The Role of Healthcare Professionals in Encouraging Parents to See and Hold Their Stillborn Baby: A Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Studies.
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Carol Kingdon, Emer O'Donnell, Jennifer Givens, and Mark Turner
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BackgroundGlobally, during 2013 there were three million recorded stillbirths. Where clinical guidelines exist some recommend that professionals do not encourage parental contact. The guidance is based on quantitative evidence that seeing and holding the baby is not beneficial for everyone, but has been challenged by bereaved parents' organisations. We aim to inform future guideline development through a synthesis of qualitative studies reporting data relevant to the research question; how does the approach of healthcare professionals to seeing and holding the baby following stillbirth impact parents views and experiences?Methods/findingsUsing a predetermined search strategy of PubMed and PsychINFO we identified robust qualitative studies reporting bereaved parental views and/or experiences relating to seeing and holding their stillborn baby (final search 24 February, 2014). Eligible studies were English language, reporting parental views, with gestational loss >20 weeks. Quality was independently assessed by three authors using a validated tool. We used meta-ethnographic techniques to identify key themes and a line of argument synthesis. We included 12 papers, representing the views of 333 parents (156 mothers, 150 fathers, and 27 couples) from six countries. The final themes were: "[Still]birth: Nature of care is paramount", "Real babies: Perfect beauties, monsters and spectres", and "Opportunity of a lifetime lost." Our line-of-argument synthesis highlights the contrast between all parents need to know their baby, with the time around birth being the only time memories can be made, and the variable ability that parents have to articulate their preferences at that time. Thus, we hypothesised that how health professionals approach contact between parents and their stillborn baby demands a degree of active management. An important limitation of this paper is all included studies originated from high income, westernised countries raising questions about the findings transferability to other cultural contexts. We do not offer new evidence to answer the question "Should parents see and hold their stillborn baby?", instead our findings advance understanding of how professionals can support parents to make appropriate decisions in a novel, highly charged and dynamic situation.ConclusionsGuidelines could be more specific in their recommendations regarding parental contact. The role of healthcare professionals in encouraging parents to see and hold their stillborn baby is paramount. Parental choice not to see their baby, apprehension, or uncertainty should be continuously revisited in the hours after birth as the opportunity for contact is fleeting and final.
- Published
- 2015
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28. Recommendations for Patients with Chronic Respiratory Disease Considering Air Travel: A Statement from the Canadian Thoracic Society
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Dale Lien, Mark Turner, and the Canadian Thoracic Society Standards Committee
- Subjects
Diseases of the respiratory system ,RC705-779 - Abstract
Patients with respiratory disease regularly seek the convenience of commercial airline travel. In addition to the stresses that all patients with chronic disease encounter, these patients are exposed to the affects of acute altitudinal hypoxemia. This in turn has the potential to produce significant symptoms and complications in-flight for patients with chronic respiratory disease. This article reviews the current literature, and seeks to help the practicing physician by providing recommendations on which patients should be assessed preflight, the type of assessment that should be carried out and recommendations for providing advice to these travelling patients.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Influenza risk management: lessons learned from an A(H1N1) pdm09 outbreak investigation in an operational military setting.
- Author
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Margaret Farrell, Peter Sebeny, John D Klena, Cecilia Demattos, Guillermo Pimentel, Mark Turner, Antony Joseph, Jennifer Espiritu, John Zumwalt, and Erica Dueger
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND: At the onset of an influenza pandemic, when the severity of a novel strain is still undetermined and there is a threat of introduction into a new environment, e.g., via the deployment of military troops, sensitive screening criteria and conservative isolation practices are generally recommended. OBJECTIVES: In response to elevated rates of influenza-like illness among U.S. military base camps in Kuwait, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3 partnered with local U.S. Army medical units to conduct an A(H1N1) pdm09 outbreak investigation. PATIENTS/METHODS: Initial clinical data and nasal specimens were collected via the existent passive surveillance system and active surveillance was conducted using a modified version of the World Health Organization/U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention influenza-like illness case definition [fever (T > 100.5˚F/38˚C) in addition to cough and/or sore throat in the previous 72 hours] as the screening criteria. Samples were tested via real-time reverse-transcription PCR and sequenced for comparison to global A(H1N1) pdm09 viruses from the same time period. RESULTS: The screening criteria used in Kuwait proved insensitive, capturing only 16% of A(H1N1) pdm09-positive individuals. While still not ideal, using cough as the sole screening criteria would have increased sensitivity to 73%. CONCLUSIONS: The results of and lessons learned from this outbreak investigation suggest that pandemic influenza risk management should be a dynamic process (as information becomes available regarding true attack rates and associated mortality, screening and isolation criteria should be re-evaluated and revised as appropriate), and that military operational environments present unique challenges to influenza surveillance.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. The Fragility of Success: Repositioning Mauritian Development in the Twenty-First Century
- Author
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Alastair Greig, Mark Turner, and Paul D’Arcy
- Subjects
Physical geography ,GB3-5030 - Abstract
Mauritius is often considered a ‘success story’ to be read for salutary purposes by other small island developing states (SIDS). While it does share broadly similar attributes with many other SIDS, and acts in unison with other SIDS in international fora, local histories, cultures, geography and location invariably lead to significant differences in developmental trajectories. This paper presents an assessment of Mauritian history in order to explore the contemporary threats and opportunities that face the island in its contemporary quest to transform the island into Maurice Ȋle Durable. Rather than offering Mauritius as a guide to other SIDS, it presents a useful case study of the tension between establishing social equity and carving out a functional role within the global economy.
- Published
- 2011
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31. 'Henry James, Oscar Wilde and Aesthetic Culture', by Michèle Mendelssohn
- Author
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Mark Turner
- Subjects
Modern history, 1453- ,D204-475 - Abstract
A review of Henry James, Oscar Wilde and Aesthetic Culture, by Michèle Mendelssohn (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007). Hardback, 310 pages, £80, ISBN 9780748623853.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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