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BackgroundA healthy diet when approaching menopause could prevent some of the symptoms associated with the climacteric. Few studies examine adherence to current healthy dietary recommendations in middle-aged premenopausal women. Our objective was to analyze the diet quality and the adherence to the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC) dietary recommendations in middle-aged Spanish premenopausal women, and to identify the associated sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study based on 1251 premenopausal women, aged 39–50, who attended to Madrid City Council Medical Diagnostic Center. Women completed an epidemiological and a food frequency questionnaire. Degree of adherence to the SENC recommendations was estimated with a score that evaluated null (0 points) and full (1 point) adherence of each specific recommendation. Associations were explored using an ordinal logistic multivariable regression model.ResultsRegarding food groups, the worst adherence was found for sweets, red/processed meat, olive oil and eggs. Most of the participants exceeded the recommended caloric intake from proteins and fats, and practically all of them showed vitamin D intake deficiency. The overall score ranged from 2 to 12 (out of 15), with a median of 6.0 (interquartile range: 5.0–7.0). Former smokers (OR: 1.38; 95%CI: 1.08–1.78), as well as those with higher educational level (ORSSecondary:1.68; 95%CI: 0.97–2.93, ORUniversity:1.82; 95%IC: 1.05–3.14), with two or more children (OR: 1.31; 95%IC: 1.00-1.72), with higher caloric intake (OR>2188.2kcal/day: 8.22; 95%CI: 6.19–10.92) and with greater physical activity (OR≥21METS−h/week: 1.29; 95%CI: 0.95-1.76) showed greater adherence.ConclusionsAlmost two-thirds of middle-aged premenopausal participants showed low or moderate compliance with SENC recommendations. Education, smoking, parity, and physical activity were associated with the degree of adherence to these recommendations.

The most representative indicator of vitamin D status in clinical practice is 25(OH)D3, but new biomarkers could improve the assessment of vitamin D status and metabolism. The objective of this study is to investigate the association of serum vitamin D metabolites and vitamin D metabolite ratios (VMRs) with potentially influential factors in premenopausal women. This is a cross-sectional study based on 1422 women, aged 39–50, recruited from a Madrid Medical Diagnostic Center. Participants answered an epidemiological and a food frequency questionnaire. Serum vitamin D metabolites were determined using an SPE–LC–MS/MS platform. The association between participant’s characteristics, vitamin D metabolites, and VMRs was quantified by multiple linear regression models. Mean 25(OH)D3 concentration was 49.2 + 18.9 nmol/L, with greater deficits among obese, nulliparous, dark-skinned women, and with less sun exposure. A lower R2 ratio (1,25(OH)2D3/25(OH)D3) and a higher R4 (24,25(OH)2D3/1,25(OH)2D3) were observed in nulliparous women, with high sun exposure, and those with low caloric intake or high consumption of calcium, vitamin D supplements, or alcohol. Nulliparous women had lower R1 (25(OH)D3/Vit D3) and R3 (24,25(OH)2D3/25(OH)D3), and older women showed lower R3 and R4. Vitamin D status modified the association of the VMRs with seasons. VMRs can be complementary indicators of vitamin D status and its endogenous metabolism, and reveal the influence of certain individual characteristics on the expression of hydroxylase enzymes.

Diabetes Mellitus type 2 has a growing impact in the survival and well-being of the population. In recent years its incidence has progressively increased at an alarming rate. However, there are some modifiable risks factors directly related with life styles. Nurse plays a fundamental role in the identification of such factors as well as promoting healthy habits for the prevention of the Diabetes Mellitus type 2.This works presents a standardized care plan for prediabetic state, for this, it had been used the NANDA, NOC, NIC classifications.

La Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 repercute de manera creciente en la supervivencia y el bienestar de la población. En los últimos años su incidencia ha ido aumentando progresivamente de forma alarmante. Sin embargo, existen algunos factores de riesgo que son modificables y que están directamente relacionados con los estilos de vida. El profesional de enfermería desempeña un papel fundamental tanto en la identificación de dichos factores como en la promoción de hábitos saludables para la prevención de la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. En este trabajo se presenta un plan de cuidados estandarizados para individuos con prediabetes, utilizando para ello las taxonomías NANDA, NOC, NIC. Abstract: Diabetes Mellitus type 2 has a growing impact in the survival and well-being of the population. In recent years its incidence has progressively increased at an alarming rate. However, there are some modifiable risks factors directly related with life styles. Nurse plays a fundamental role in the identification of such factors as well as promoting healthy habits for the prevention of the Diabetes Mellitus type 2. This works presents a standardized care plan for prediabetic state, for this, it had been used the NANDA, NOC, NIC classifications. Centro de Trabajo: Enfermera. Adjunta a sección.CMS Ciudad Lineal. Dto. Prevención y Promoción de la Salud. Madrid Salud. Fecha del Trabajo: 12/03/2013 Palabra Clave: Prevención; diabetes mellitus; estado prediabético; estilo de vida; taxonomía. Key Words: Prevention; diabetes mellitus; prediabetic state; life style; classification.