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Small bowel transplantation, alone or with other organs as multivisceral transplantation, is performed for patients with chronic intestinal failure. With advancing surgical techniques and improved post-surgical management, survival of these patients has increased tremendously in the last two decades. The radiologist has an important role in the preoperative and postoperative management of these patients. Knowledge of surgical techniques and post-surgical complications seen in the transplant recipient is necessary for adequate management of these patients.

A patient presented with an acute episode of bright red blood in her stool. The incidental liver mass seen in segment 4 was suspected to represent a cholangiocarcinoma due to associated mild intrahepatic biliary ductal dilatation and suspicion for capsular retraction. Pathology confirmed that this lesion represented a sclerosing hemangioma. This case report corroborates prior observations that degenerative changes in hemangiomas—sclerosis, narrowing of vascular channels, thrombosis, infarct, hemorrhage—may produce atypical radiographic findings. Since these atypical radiographic features may suggest a primary or metastatic malignancy, the protean appearance of hemangiomas remains an important consideration in the evaluation of hepatic masses.

Before the advent of ultrasound, percutaneous pericardiocentesis was associated with relatively high mortality and complication rates (6% and 20–50%, respectively) [1–3]. Ultrasound (US)-guided pericardiocentesis has dramatically decreased the incidence of complications by direct visualization of the heart and other adjacent vital structures. US helps localize the size and location of the pericardial effusion, measure the distance from the chest wall, localize adjacent, vital organs, and determine the optimal access site to the effusion. We report a case of posttraumatic internal mammary artery pseudoaneurysm, a rare complication of pericardiocentesis.

Abstract This PowerPoint presentation was designed to assist radiologists and endocrinologist (both in practice and in training) in their management of thyroid nodules according to American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines. Twenty thyroid nodules have been selected and their management according to ATA guidelines is discussed in order to allow for a better practical understanding of these recommendations. We have included relevant information and highlighted important teaching points. As this is a self-learning tool, motivation of the reader is required for learning. It is a brief review of important recommendations and does not include all the details mentioned in the original publication. Those recommendations that are likely to be encountered in a radiology practice are emphasized.

Abstract Introduction Orthotopic liver transplantation is an established treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease or acute liver failure. The procedure is distinct from living related liver transplantation with regard to surgical technique, postoperative anatomy, and some complications. The aim of this imaging curriculum is to educate radiology, surgery, gastroenterology, hepatology, and internal medicine trainees regarding basic anatomy of the post-orthotopic transplant liver, its various complications, and the role of imaging in their diagnosis. Methods This presentation provides an opportunity to learn imaging characteristics of complications of orthotopic liver transplantation in an interactive format. We have included relevant information and highlighted important teaching points in a series of PowerPoint presentations. This presentation is given to our incoming radiology residents to familiarize them with various aspects of imaging of orthotopic liver transplantation. Results Another version of this presentation has been presented in the University of Washington Annual Radiology Review Course for the last 3 years with excellent feedback. Discussion This resource has been designed to focus on imaging findings and includes a brief description of clinical information. Laboratory data and its details are not included as the focus of this resource is on understanding imaging findings. Adding more cases in quiz format at the end of the presentation will help reinforce learning.

Abstract Introduction Retroperitoneal anatomy is very complex. We wanted to create a presentation that would simplify this subject and show examples of illustrations highlighting the multiple retroperitoneal fasciae and planes, as well as their corresponding appearance on cross-sectional CT imaging. Methods This PowerPoint presentation was designed primarily for radiology residents and faculty but can be used by anyone in the medical field who is interested in radiologic imaging and retroperitoneal anatomy. The presentation provides an overview of the complex retroperitoneal anatomy, with multiple illustrations of the retroperitoneal fasciae, spaces, and interfascial planes. It also discusses the pattern of disease spread in the retroperitoneum, provides a broad overview of the different types of retroperitoneal masses, and proposes an algorithmic approach for diagnosis of retroperitoneal masses based on imaging findings. A number of slides are dedicated to illustrating the role of imaging-guided procedures (mainly biopsies) utilized in the diagnosis and treatment of retroperitoneal masses. Finally, the multisystemic syndromes that involve the retroperitoneum are reviewed in a quiz format. The presentation takes from 30 to 60 minutes depending on the user's prior knowledge of retroperitoneal disease. Results This presentation was presented as an educational exhibit at the Radiologic Society of North America meeting in Chicago, Illinois, and as an exhibit at the imaging symposium at the University of Washington and received positive feedback. Many residents recommended that it would be very helpful for the presentation to be accessible online as a general reference and quick refresher for an overview of retroperitoneal disease. Discussion This presentation requires that the user have some basic understanding of radiology and imaging. The retroperitoneal pathology is very wide; in this presentation, we focus mainly on the pathology with interesting radiologic findings.

Abstract Radiologists supervising imaging studies using contrast media should have the necessary knowledge and skills to deal with adverse contrast media reactions and their appropriate management. The aim of this curriculum is to educate practicing radiologists, residents, fellows, non-radiology house staff covering contrast administration after hours, and hospital code teams regarding current recommendations for dealing with contrast media reactions, contrast-induced nephropathy and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. Various drugs used in the management of these reactions are reviewed in detail and an algorithmic approach to the management of these reactions is provided. We also review the medication regimens that can minimize the risk of these complications. Our curriculum incorporates the current guidelines as recommended by the American College of Radiology in their manual on contrast medium published in 2012. Pretest questions have been provided for self-assessment. We encourage all physicians responsible for contrast media administration and reaction management to review this curriculum on a regular basis, at least biannually. Algorithms provided are also a good resource for placement in radiology suites and hospital crash carts.