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Este trabajo define las principales características sedimentológicas, paleontológicas y geoquímicas de la Unidad Arenas de Trigueros, depositada durante el Messiniense en un contexto global de bajada de nivel del mar. Esta unidad se diferencia del resto de la Formación Arcillas de Gibraleón por su mayor tamaño de grano, la presencia de niveles tempestíticos formados por bivalvos típicos de medios circalitorales, una asociación de ostrácodos propia de medios infralitorales en su tramo superior arenoso y unos menores contenidos en elementos trazas y tierras raras. En su conjunto, estas características identificarían un depósito de turbiditas en un medio circalitoral de baja energía, cuyo fondo sufrió episodios erosivos y donde concurrieron también sedimentos transportados desde medios neríticos someros, dentro de una zona distal de aparatos deltaicos.

Este trabajo estudia los ostrácodos de la sección de Cartaya (Huelva, S.O. España). Se efectúa una descripción estratigráfica detallada de esta sección, así como un análisis taxonómico y una definición de las asociaciones. Las quince muestras analizadas pertenecen a la Formación Arcillas de Gibraleón. Los géneros más abundantes son Krithe, Parakrithe, Henryhowella, Cytherella y Propontocypris, frecuentes en otras secciones de la parte media-superior de esta formación, depositadas en ambientes paleobatiales superiores del sector occidental del antiguo Estrecho Norbético. Las principales especies presentan un rango bioestratigráfico que abarca desde el Tortoniense al Holoceno.

Estuaries are excellent environments for identifying pollution episodes that have affected river basins, as their sediments are the final destination of some of the pollutants. This paper studies the geochemical evolution of five elements (As, Co, Cu, Pb, Zn) in a core extracted from the middle estuary of the Tinto River (SW Spain). The results are based on facies interpretation, ICP atomic emission spectrometry analysis, the application of a regional background to obtain the geoaccumulation index and dating. The main objective of this communication is the detection of natural or anthropogenic pollution episodes in the middle estuary of the Tinto River (SW Spain). Four pollution episodes have been detected: (1) ~5.8 cal. kyr BP, probably caused by natural acid rock drainage processes derived from the oxidation of the Iberian Pyritic Belt deposits found in its drainage basin; (2) 4.7–4.5 kyr BP, coming from the first mining activities and characterized by a significant increase in the concentrations of the five elements analyzed; (3) 1850–1960 interval, coinciding with intensive mining and characterized by increasing values of As and, to a lesser extent, Pb (intensive mining); and (4) the second half of the 20th century, with high element concentrations from mining and industrial effluents. All episodes show an increase in their geochemical classes deduced from the geoaccumulation index. This communication can serve as an example for assessing the impact of different types of pollution in estuarine environments.

This paper investigates the paleoenvironmental evolution of a core extracted in the middle sector of the Tinto River estuary, SW Spain, one of the most polluted areas in the world due to mining over thousands of years (>4 kyr BP) and recent industrial discharges. This evolution includes alluvial sands (>6.4 cal kyr BP), bioclastic sands and silts deposited in subtidal and intertidal channels during and after the Holocene transgression maximum (6.4-4.3 cal kyr BP), the sedimentation of clayey-sandy silts in low and high marshes during the last 2.4 kyr BP and a final anthropic filling. Three sharp peaks of pollution have been detected, representing a) a natural origin during the Holocene transgression; b) the impact of the first mining activities (~4.5 cal kyr BP); and c) the effect of industrial discharge and a new period of mining activity throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. Foraminifera, ostracods and molluscs disappeared during these last two peaks.

Durante el periodo romano (siglo III a.C.-siglo V d.C.), las zonas próximas a la actual desembocadura del río Guadalquivir estaban ocupadas por una laguna interior con conexión marina, a partir de la interpretación paleoambiental de las asociaciones de foraminíferos bentónicos obtenidos en un sondeo situado en el Parque Nacional de Doñana. Sus zonas internas estaban ocupadas por llanuras mareales arcillosas, que sufrieron los efectos de una tormenta hacia finales del siglo I d.C. La comparación con los ostrácodos del mismo sondeo confirma esta recons­trucción y los datos paleogeográficos aportados por diversos cronistas, si bien estos microcrustáceos detectan de manera más precisa los cambios paleoambientales en estos medios litorales.

These reply comments were focused on the different affirmations made by Rodríguez Ramírez (2008, this volume) about our previous paper.

A regressive sequence was determined in the late Holocene evolution of the southwestern Doñana National Park (SW Spain), based on a multidisciplinary study of sediments obtained in a drill core. In an initial phase (> cal. 2400 years BP), a shallow coastal lagoon with a partial marine connection occupied this area, with a progressive transition from subtidal to supratidal conditions. The following phase (cal. 2400-2350 years BP) is characterized by a tsunami, with the deposition of an upper chenier. This sedimentological layer is characterized by a ridge morphology, an erosive base, high bioclastic contents and the introduction of marine species toward the inner areas of this old lagoon. This tsunami may be assimilated to one of the historical tsunamis that occurred between 218 and 209 BC. A comparison with other deposits derived from these high-energy events permits to draw the differential effects produced along the western Iberian coasts. SHORT NOTES