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Introduction. The study of the semantics of verbal units that convey relations of mental perception in the Erzya and Finnish languages is due to the need for a comparative study of this group of verbs to identify general and specific features inherent in these languages. Despite the numerous publications on this issue based on the material of various languages, there are practically no comparative works on this issue in Finno-Ugric studies and Mordovian linguistics, which explains the relevance and novelty of the analysis of verbal units containing the semantic component “mental perception”. The purpose of the study is to analyze and compare the most frequent verbs reflecting mental processes in distantly related languages. Materials and Methods. The research material was illustrative examples in the Erzya and Finnish languages, obtained as a result of a continuous and partial sample from texts of various genre and functional styles, including from print media, scientific and educational publications, various dialect and folklore texts included in the linguistic corpus of the Kielipankki Language Bank with the Korp server and MokshEr. In the course of the research, methods of semasiological, comparative, component, descriptive and contextual analysis were used. Results and Discussion. As a result of the research, the concepts of “thinking” and “mental perception” are described, a semantic analysis of their explication at the lexical level is carried out, namely, the most frequent verbal lexemes with the semantics of mental activity based on the material of related languages are identified. The author identifies lexical and semantic groups, which include the verbs of the Erzya and Finnish languages with common semantics “thinking”, “mind”, “thought”, as well as verbal units with positive and neutral connotations. Conclusion. The conclusions made by the author contribute to the study of a group of sensory-moral and mental verbs that make up a significant layer of the vocabulary of the Finnish and Erzya languages, as well as to the development of the lexicology of the studied related languages.

Thinking activity is realized in different forms and provides the process of cognition of objective reality and its personal determination. One of the most widespread forms of thinking activity realization, which at the same time allows to present the versatility and uniqueness of a human’s personality, is a written text. A written text can be considered as the final product of a person’s thinking activity, which reflects his personal and intellectual level of development, is a socialization indicator and serves as a kind of guide to the diverse world of personal realization and a kind of the author’s written avatar. The text has special properties that allow to “connect” several complex, multifaceted, dynamic spheres such as the surrounding reality, life and professional experience of a person, their worldview, images of the past, present, future, etc. The connection of language, speech activity and written text, as well as their possibilities to reflect the uniqueness of a person and their activity have been considered. The main communicative tools of a written text have been characterized that allow it to freely overcome time and space, providing the connection between generations and clarifying, bringing to the recipients’ consciousness the author’s personal, conceptual, aesthetic and worldview attitudes, his position, views and the described events assessment.

Background: Although sedentary behavior (SB) before and during COVID-19 has been studied, mental activity-based SB patterns have been overlooked. This secondary analysis investigated the patterns of mentally active vs. passive SB in adults post-COVID-19 pandemic and examined sex differences. Methods: Adults (n = 1255; 45% males; 50% aged between 20 and 29 years old) self-reported general characteristics, anthropometric and socioeconomic variables, and mentally active and passive SB (weekdays and weekend days) using a structured web-based survey. Adjusted ANCOVA on Ranks tests assessed differences between mentally active and mentally passive SB during the day, on weekdays, and weekend days. Adjusted Quade Nonparametric ANCOVA tests evaluated these differences in males vs. females. Results: Adults significantly spent greater time in mentally active vs. passive SB (5.61 ± 4.57 vs. 2.50 ± 3.25; p < 0.001). Mentally active SB was more prevalent on weekdays than on weekends (6.00 ± 5.00 vs. 5.00 ± 5.00; p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed for mentally passive SB (p > 0.05). Males significantly accumulated more mentally active SB compared to females (p < 0.001 for all). Females significantly spent more time in mentally passive SB on weekdays than males (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results highlight the need for individualized SB reduction strategies based on mental activity to obtain the most benefits of SB reduction interventions and promoting overall health post-COVID-19 pandemic.

The article deals with the influence of systematic physical training and sport on the concentration of attention and interhemispheric asymmetry in the students of the higher education educational institution aged 19–20 years. The review of the literature corresponding to the research issue is given. The Amatuni test was used for the practical physiological study. On the basis of the study the author has made conclusions about the impact of physical education and sports on the mental activity of students.

The relevance of the research: the development of high-end manufacturing leads to an increase in the negative impact of man on the environment. So, today the issues of developing environmental consciousness in college students are relevant.The problem statement: the negative impact of a person on the environment is increasing. However, the development of the ecological consciousness of students, awareness of the consequences of environmental impact is not at the proper level that is necessary in the transition of society to the sixth technological mode.The purpose of the research is to prove that the formation of the cognitive activity of college students in the ecological aspect is a necessary condition for the development of the ecological consciousness of college students.To solve the problem, the article considers such research methods as the analysis of pedagogical literature, observation, synthesis, generalization, considers the issues of practical application of methods on the example of classes in physical and mathematical disciplines and classes in Ecology.The conclusions: The use of mechanisms for the formation of students’ ability to show initiative in problem-dialogical interaction in matters relating to environmental problems contributes to the development of students’ environmental consciousness, the growth of their responsibility for the effectiveness of their professional activities, and the impact on the ecosystem.

Представлено обзорно-аналитическое рассмотрение профессионализации педагогического мышления как длительного процесса овладения выбранной профессией, возникающего в довузовском периоде и продолжающегося на вузовской и послевузовской стадии подготовки и повышения квалификации. Обосновано, что профессионализация мышления педагога сопровождается развитием его личности посредством осуществления в выполняемой профессиональной деятельности когнитивных и личностных психологических механизмов. Ресурсные возможности профессионализации педагогического мышления характеризуются личностной направленностью мыслительной деятельности как основы творческой самореализации педагога. Такая направленность характеризуется установлением надситуативной проблемности, что позволяет учителю в анализ педагогической проблемной ситуации включать учет не только ситуационных, но и личностных характеристик. Осознание собственных личностных особенностей, значимых для оптимального разрешения возникшего профессионального затруднения, составляет духовную опору педагога. Личностные новообразования возникают тогда, когда учитель осознает, каких личностных качеств не хватает для достижения намеченной цели в процессе совладания с появившимися трудностями.

Abstract Background and aim: Pain is known as the greatest complication of cancer and cancer-related therapies. Therefore, control of pain has been considered with pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical methods. This study was performed to survey of mental and psychological activities in control of pain in patients with breast cancer. Methods and materials: 166 patients with breast cancer were selected randomly in a specialist hospital in Tehran, Iran and the questionnaire, and the consent letter was completed by them. Patients were categorized into three groups; first group includes patients with great spirits and hope for complete recovery. Second group includes patients with major depression, and third group includes patients with moderate spirits. Most data in this study were for the primary group. Results: According to data, in the deviation group, no acceptable mean of pain was obtained. In the hypothesis group, mean of pain was more passable. In the group which patients were conversed with own, mean of pain was more than previous two groups. The lowest mean of pain was related to the negative hypothesis group, and the highest mean of pain was related to patients who were prayed and hoped. Conclusion: The obtained results showed that deviation and activity of mental are good way to control and reduce of pain. This method is without side effects, inexpensive and accessible, which reduces of pain in patients. This study suggests that use of mental activity is a non-pharmacological treatment to reduce of pain in outpatient and hospitalized patients.

This paper seeks to evaluate experiential facets of thinking action using first-person phenomenological methods. We begin our considerations using a simple mathematical proof as a case study—and also employ phenomenological contrasts between different types of thinking. They reveal that thinking actions produce performative insights rather than dispositional or remembered knowledge. This distinction allows us to introduce a new mode of thinking that is different from most known types of thinking, namely pure thinking action. The performative nature of this pure thinking action is participative and receptive with respect to concepts and has the quality of being persistent and coherent during its episode of action. Moreover, it is the often unattended source of thinking everyday life.

The article shows the possibility and feasibility of using elements of European and Eastern methods of general and professional music education in distance piano teaching. The methods maintain the optimal level of mental activity of students in class, create conditions not only for progress in the formation of skills in playing the instrument, but also for the disclosure of a creative potential of students. The conceptual ideas of the article can also be used in the practice of distance learning to play and other musical instruments. In line with the problem posed, the article discusses the approaches of E. J. Dalcroze, K. Orff, Z. Kodaly, J. Wuytak, S. Suzuki, the Japanese method shouga, Indian konnakol, etc. The author summarizes the methodical experience of teaching piano online, gives strategies and meaningful characteristics of lesson scenarios, substantiates the feasibility of including the methods of “body percussion”, musicograms, rhythmic syllables, hand signs of solmization. Particular attention is paid to the method of improvisation as a means of increasing students’ self-esteem during distance learning, algorithms for organizing improvisational activity are given.

This article deals with the issue of enhancing the mental activity of students of higher educational institutions during their professional training. A range of empirical and theoretical research methods are taken into account to clarify the content of the concept of "mental activity of university students", determine and experimentally investigate the factors influencing its activation. Based on the results, these factors include the humanization and psychologization of the educational process at the university, the creation of a safe socio-psychological environment at the university, the provision of a health-preserving focus of the educational process and the compliance with ergonomic requirements for it, the organization of training students in a cooperation mode and the use of innovative methods and technologies in the classroom that activate the mental activity of students.

Is intuition a conscious or subconscious process, a “sixth sense” or a product of learning? This article contains an answer to this question which is based on the disclosure of neurophysiological mechanisms of one of the least understandable types of human cognitive activity. For the first time with the use of cerebral cortex electrical activity mapping, a comprehensive study of the organization of cortical neural networks and the functional state of the autonomic nervous system of female biology students engaged in intuitive thinking has been conducted. The productivity of intuitive thinking is associated with increasing the spectral power of beta2-, delta-, theta-components of the electroencephalogram. The synchronization of the activity of most frequency bands is manifested in the frontal and motor areas of the cortex, which have close connections with the basal ganglia, which are responsible for the formation of skills. In the beta1-band there are probable intrahemispheric long coherences between the anterior and posterior parts of the right hemisphere, at the frequency of beta1,2- and theta-bands of the electroencephalogram they are combined into large cellular ensembles that cover the central-parietal-temporal loci of the cortex. Synchronization of biopotentials in the delta range covers large areas of the cerebral cortex. It has been established that in intuitive thinking the female students with a low standard of efficiency had a high level of central rhythm regulation, and the female students with a high standard of efficiency had a high level of autonomous regulation. Higher performance under intuitive thinking negatively correlated with low frequency findings and positively correlated with high frequency and the value of the square root of the mean squares of the intervals between heartbeats (rMSSD) in the structure of cardiorhythm. Correlation analysis found that productive mental activity is conditioned by the specific integration of cortico-visceral processes: productive intuitive thinking is associated with the activation of autonomic regulation of heart rate variability and coherence in the evolutionarily older delta and delta-theta systems of the brain. Thus, intuition is a scientific set of skills and knowledge, and the topographic signs of synchronization of electrical processes of the cerebral cortex can serve as objective criteria for successful intuitive thinking, which allow one to predict both individual abilities and the state that contributes to their realization.

Деятельностный характер современного высшего образования настоятельно требует сегодня введения в его содержание и формирования у студентов рефлексивных компетенций, что может говорить о важном направлении модернизации образования в целом. Это касается, в частности, и обучения иностранному языку, где существенным образовательным ресурсом становится использование интерактивных технологий, когда в условиях постоянного обновления информации становится столь необходимым ее рефлексивное обобщение. В этой связи использование студентами интерактивных технологий в ходе изучения иностранного языка с точки зрения их рефлексивной готовности к этому становится особенно актуальным, поскольку студенты не обладают еще достаточным умением выявлять причинно-следственные связи в лингвистических аспектах изучаемого языка. Проблема развития рефлексивной готовности студентов к использованию интерактивных технологий в процессе обучения иностранному языку обусловливается потребностью обновления вузовской системы образования, где имеют место определенные противоречия. Это касается, например, требования по решению проблемы расширения рефлексивной деятельности студента и недостаточной методологической разработанностью качественного введения рефлексии в процесс обучения иностранному языку с учетом использования интерактивных технологий. В связи с этим проанализированы методологические аспекты рефлексивных умений студентов вуза посредством интерактивных технологий. Таким образом, целью настоящей работы стало рассмотрение аспектов развития рефлексивной готовности студентов к использованию интерактивных технологий в процессе обучения иностранному языку.

This study aimed to examine the associations between home blood pressure (HBP) and sleep and activity assessed using data obtained via a wristwatch-type pulsimeter with accelerometer (Pulsense®) using original software. We recruited 28 elderlies and 40 employees aged 24–81 years who were not on hypotensive agents and sleeping drugs. Sleep, activity, and HBP were measured consecutively over a 5–7-day period. Body mass index (BMI), base heart rate (HR0), and age showed significant correlation with HBP in a simple and multiple linear regression analysis. HR0 was positively, and log deep sleep duration, negatively correlated with HBP in the adjusted multiple linear regression analysis. Physical and mental activities were negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) in a simple linear regression, but high physical and mental activities tend to reduce deep sleep duration. Self-recorded sleep duration had no relationship with HBP. In conclusion, HR0, BMI, age, deep sleep duration, and activity showed relationships with HBP. Using this type of wristwatch and observing daily sleep and activity data with HBP measurement may have important clinical implication.

Ketamine is a glutamate N-methyl D-aspartate receptor antagonist and an anaesthetic agent that has been effectively used to treat depression. However, ketamine has also been increasingly used for recreational purposes. The dissociative side-effects of ketamine use, such as hallucinations, are the reason for abuse. Additionally, long-term ketamine abuse has been highly associated with liver-gallbladder and urinary symptoms. The present study reports the case of a 28-year-old young male adult with an 8-year history of daily inhalation of ketamine. We investigated the association between ketamine abuse and the mechanism of its adverse effects, particularly encephalatrophy, and attempted to find a link between these disorders. These results would help us to better understand ketamine usage, ketamine abuse effects and the addictive mechanism. To the best of our knowledge, the present case is the first report of severe brain atrophy related to ketamine abuse. Details of the patient are presented and the mechanism of the encephalatropy-associated ketamine abuse is discussed. Furthermore, organ dysfunction following chronic ketamine abuse may indicate that the side effects are the result of comprehensive action on multiple regions in the brain.

People’s intellectual abilities become a powerful civilization resource. Therefore, intellectually gifted schoolchildren’s development should be the focus of the state educational policy. Russian opinion leaders interpret the phenomenon of giftedness as a systemic quality that describes the child’s psyche as a whole. Such an approach turns into a priority to update and enrich the gifted schoolchildren’s intentional experience during geometry teaching. It assumes the development of a particular subjective state of orientation and selectivity of individual cognitive activity in preferences. This unique state becomes a mental activity mechanism, not just an accessory. The statistical data analysis confirms the hypothesis: the efficiency of actualizing gifted schoolchildren’s intentional experience in the form of their individual dispositions, beliefs, and emotional assessments while solving geometric problems during academic competitions is provided by specifically organized educational activities. It positively correlates with the level of mental activity development during mastering the activity methods with geometric concepts.

This study examines the impact of interaction human factors with computer used by Local Area Network (LAN) at Regional Office Surabaya Industrial and Trade Training Service. The object of study are employees which worked by LAN Service office and used primary datas non probability sampling with analysis factor throught SPSS 10,0 windows program. The corelation matrix result shows of variable population; Barlets test of Sphericity (BTS) 0,000 proved, and Kayser Meyer Oklin (KMO) 0,671 > 0,50 means sample strength enough. By rotation from 35 variables become 22 variables with cumulative percentation 64,67. Tools is the dominant factor impact of human computer interaction by Local Area Network (LAN). The contribution of variable 10,187%, with eigen values 3,573 consist of; tools by loading variable 0,813, language with loading variable 0,745 and on line by 0,661 variable loading.

Expressionistic «absolute metaphor» is an essential language means of expression and an element of the poetry of an Austrian poet Georg Trakl, and of all expressionistic works in German in general. The nature of such metaphor is in poetic strive of modern poetry for creation of an autonomous world, where the reality may be comprehended only metaphorically. Absolute metaphor in this world is not just a figurative means, but rather an independent cogitative construct, a means of language embodiment or verbalization of the new concept in the distant world. The problem of functions and impact of metaphors acquires the status of the basic philosophical issues of cognition. Expressionistic «absolute metaphor» possesses, apparently, cognitive depth which has not been measured yet and the function perception of reality and text production, which has not been interpreted. According to pragmatics of this field of art, this metaphor serves to reveal and express mental activity of a subject, rather than to reproduce reality. The problem of correlation and interaction of a thing and a word, implied and pronounced, was being developed in different directions, but until today the mechanisms of appearance of such metaphor have not been structures yet into clear cut cognitive or linguistic categories. They are interpreted subjectively, and the metaphor that appears in the result of these mechanisms, according to H. Neumann «codes nothing, it is similar to a flower torn from the ground and floating on the surface of a poem. Such metaphor is devoid of its essential foundation and it is transformed in some creature». Georg Trakl, an Austrian poet of expressionistic decade, can serve as an example of numerous mysterious codes: metaphors in his works need interpretation, but they resist it. Subjectivity of interpretation of his «absolute» metaphors is vividly expressed in translations of his poems into Russia — it is a real challenge for any professional interpreter. Trakl’s metaphors cannot be interpreted in one and only way, and as a result translations of his poems are often down to earth. Due to the differences in the structures of the German and Russian languages, most of translations of Trakl’s «absolute» metaphor into Russian show the loss of its cognitive functions, including the function of alienation.

We view the psyche of HS as an active distributed system, in which the emergence of new subsystem, creativity, about 50,000 years ago created conditions for a sharp jump-over to a new quality level of the system as a whole, into a new class of systems. As a result of the separation of IG from the "reactive behavior," the creation and projection of the creative product (CC) into the external environment, and the subsequent perception of CC as an objectively existing fragment of the world (with control functions relative to the subject), a new hominid need arose: to achieve parametric equilibrium with a virtual construction—a symbol. Satisfaction of this need created a primary frustration—the desire to achieve a symbolic goal that is beyond reach. We believe that the main factor in the evolutionary development (ED) of HS is the mechanism for satisfying this need by resolving frustration, accompanied by the development of technological support for the purposeful forms of HS behavior. The period of formation of the HS psyche, as a system at a new level, coincides in time and meaningful content with the 11th phase transition of the planetary evolution (Panov-Snooks), being the initial segment of the ascending part of the hyperbolic trajectory of ED. We believe that the psyche of this new representative of HS, which creates frustration constructs (virtual motivators), has become an attractor for ED. By an attractor, we mean the finite region of the inevitable convergence of phase trajectories of a complex system, the attraction of which draws into itself the set of possible trajectories of systems determined by different initial conditions. The actions of the attractor create conditions under which the future state of the system, represented by the final state of the system, has a determinative influence on the present system.

Celebrating the 115th anniversary birth of P.Ya. Galperin, an outstanding Russian scientist, and paying tribute to his contribution in general psychology, genetic psychology and teacher-training psychology, it is necessary to emphasize Galperin’s unique approach to the essence of mental phenomena and processes, to the mechanisms and development that reverberate the internal integrity and systemic approach. There are at least, three main directions of P.Ya. Galperin’s concept, i.e. his system of psychology. The first direction is the method of gradual development of intellectual activity for studying human mental activity. The second direction is the study of the theoretically described and actually implemented process of gradual development of intellectual activity as a psychological reality. The third direction is the gradual development of intellectual activity in the practice of teaching. This paper is devoted to the strategic issues of implementing gradual development of intellectual activity. The significance of these assumptions for practical training, not in a laboratory experiment, but in the mass version, paradoxically requires a far deeper and broader understanding of mechanisms of the human mental activity than academic laboratory research. The reasons for the relatively limited use of Galperin’s theory are considered in the practice of training. Further development of psychology along the path outlined by P.Ya. Galperin aimed at enhancing practical capabilities of the theoretical approach is being highlighted.

The article addresses the issues concerning the improvement of musician-pedagogues' professional training at higher educational institution. The article presents the example of modeling and organizing the self-study in the piano class. The author substantiates the necessity to revise the traditional approaches to self-study organizing, emphasizes the importance of forming mental abilities, memory and thinking, reveals the content of the concept "musician-pedagogue's professional self-study in piano class", identifies the key areas of students' self-study according to theoretical disciplines and courses of the curriculum. As a result the key elements of professional training of a musician-pedagogue in piano class are determined.

Представлен способ организации образовательного процесса по освоению учащимися начальной школы регулятивного учебного действия оценки как пример реализации деятельностной модели формирования умственного действия (П. Я. Гальперин, В. В. Давыдов, В. С. Лазарев). Определены общие подходы к организации образовательного процесса: разработка программы формирования УУД, построение метапредметного содержания, проектирование учебного занятия. Новизна работы связана с построением содержания осваиваемого понятия, которое определяется ориентировочной основой соответствующего ему действия. Ключевым моментом предлагаемой технологии является принятие учащимися учебных целей через построение нормы на результат, на способ осваиваемого действия и создание условий для осуществления школьниками содержательной рефлексии по результатам решения учебной задачи. Представлено описание урока по формированию действия оценки.

The article presents Petr Kapustin's comments on the article “Mark Meerovich’s System-Based Methodological Approach to the History of Architecture and Town-Planning” written by E. Bagina.

The article presents the results of theoretical analysis of pedagogical researches of creating conditions of computer-learning using the information and the teaching materials on the basis of academic disciplines: social sciences and humanities and science cycles. The techniques and the forms of content development profile-relevant knowledge (profiling) by means of computer science are submitted in this work. The content of pedagogical conditions of Computer and Information training in system of additional professional education is clarified in this work, too.

The research under consideration describes the area of methodology of scientific knowledge via the possibilities of ideas generation and their implementation in the organization management. The paper investigates and describes the concept of “idea” and the process of its transformation into product; there is presented the algorithm of idea construction and development and also are shown the components of the proposed multidimensional model and its links with external environment. The contradictions occurred in the process of generating the idea and its further implementation in management science and practice are presented. In the framework of the resultant ideas generation the author puts forward the hypotheses concerning the main idea, revealed through the prism of his investigation and connected with the creation of the holographic organization. In this context, the holography is not only the visualization of the organization, itself, but, at the same time, the inclusion of the other sources of information in the given schematic model. The fundamental idea developed by the author in this research is the determination of parallax in the search for management products. The idea is very daring and quite promising in the future. This article is based on the researches in the field of creating strategies employed for a modular product designing. The author of the scientific paper analyses the previous investigations in the field of the perspective management hypotheses. The detailed analysis allows the author to focus on the most significant works in the field of management science and to present them in the chronological order.

The article presents Petr Kapustin's comments on the article “Mark Meerovich’s System-Based Methodological Approach to the History of Architecture and Town-Planning” written by E. Bagina.

The formation of a healthy lifestyle among the educational process subjects is one of the main functions of health-saving educational space. This function can be implemented effectively only if the executive bodies in the sphere of education, other agencies, the public and the subjects of the educational process take active part in this process. Such cooperation requires a common understanding in the issues to promote health of all pedagogical process participants, but to date the concept “healthy lifestyle” has not been clearly defined and the effective and optimized pedagogical models for its formation, according to the cross-cutting principle, have not been elaborated. The article analyzes different points of view on this issue. A healthy lifestyle is considered as a complex pedagogical technology to create health culture. Taking into account the scholars’ attitudes to the concept “healthy lifestyle” the author identifies three main components of a healthy lifestyle: health culture, health-saving activity and conditions that ensure a healthy lifestyle. The article argues that health saving needs of a person predetermine his/her health-saving activities. It reveals the main strategic sub-components of a healthy lifestyle: physical, environmental, medical, psychological and spiritual-moral activities. The work presents the normative model of a healthy lifestyle and its structure. It defines a healthy lifestyle as a model of health-saving behavior model. The author proves that the proposed normative model of a healthy lifestyle can be successfully used for the formation of health-saving educational space on the principles of inter-sectoral collaboration

Background and Objectives: Although the effects of physical exercise on brain functions are well studied, the influence of mental activity is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of a session of mental activity on brain neurobiological factors in chess players. Materials and Methods: Ten elite and novice chess players were recruited to participate in this study as volunteers. The subjects performed a session of standard chess matches as a mental activity. Before and after each chess match, blood samples were drawn to analyze changes in serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Results: After each chess match, both the elite and novice groups showed significant increases in serum BDNF and IGF-1 concentrations. The elite group also showed significantly greater changes in BDNF and IGF-1 levels (p ≤ 0.05) than the novice group. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that a session of standard chess matches as a mental activity is effective for elevating BDNF and IGF-1 levels, and that their elevation in elite players seems to be more pronounced than those in novice players.

Research about physical activity and sports is generally framed within medical discourse, which promotes the practice of sports as a way to reduce the probability of cardiac, respiratory, and metabolic pathologies. Even though this type of discourse is of consequence, the importance of sports in other contexts of human life has long been neglected, or at least remained unacknowledged. This article presents a set of research projects that evidence the benefits of sports in terms of socialization processes, mental processes, academic achievement, and the overall improvement of life-quality.

Th e biggest problem of modern lifestyle is the lack of physical activity of most people, which is in an inferior position compared to the problems of sport and the adoption of intellectual knowledge in the fi eld of education. Sports results imposed primary objectives by the media as, have led to various anomalies that are associated with use of illicit stimulants, injuries that result from major physical eff ort, enormous profi ts of individual athletes, violence in and around sports grounds. However, such irregularities are not present to the extent that they should provoke as much anxiety as problems concerning the lack of physical activity that is far more present as researches show, and with far greater consequences for human health, as explained in this paper. Informing by the media has created an impression that the true values of sport as well as the true values of recreational sport and physical education are concealed, which is particularly refl ected in the fi eld of education, where a greater importance is given to mental activity. Research related to the benefi t of physical exercise indicated the necessity of paying greater attention to the body. Only by balanced evaluation of the mind and body we can talk about the complete development, and in that aspect, about the proper way of life of modern man.

The nutritional values of three vegetable oils were evaluated on the basis of the growth response, the food efficiency ratio and the effect on mental activity. Avocado, sesame and coconut oil were the only sources of fat in the experimental diets fed to three groups of albino mice. Mice fed with avocado and sesame yielded higher body weight gains and food efficiency ratios than mice fed with coconut oil. This agrees with the reports made on the study of these oils by the biological assay. The values for the mental activity of mice fed with avocado and sesame diets were also higher. However, mice fed with avocado diet showed relatively higher values than those fed with sesame. It is possible that the content of essential fatty acids among others could be directly related to intellectual performance.

The accompanying activity as experienced by educational advisors during interviews with directions, seems to be characterized by a structural treatment of uncertainty through investigation. The latter may target the very purpose of the accompaniment, the contextualized characteristics of the subject of the accompaniment or the object, tools and strategies of the accompanying activity. Having opted for the epistemology of activity, we have developed a tool to approach mental activity (mental acting out) and crossed it with the scheme of inquiry by John Dewey. In this paper we present some products of our doctoral research characterizing the accompanying activity of educational advisors from the free network of primary education in the French-speaking part of Belgium.