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Epitaxial strain modifies the physical properties of thin films deposited on single-crystal substrates. In a previous work, we demonstrated that in the case of La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 thin films the strain induced by the substrate can produce the segregation of a non-ferromagnetic layer (NFL) at the top surface of ferromagnetic epitaxial La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 for a critical value of the tetragonality τ, defined as τ = |c − a|a, of τC ≈ 0.024. Although preliminary analysis suggested its antiferromagnetic nature, to date a complete characterization of the magnetic state of such an NFL has not been performed. Here, we present a comprehensive magnetic characterization of the strain-induced segregated NFL. The field-cooled magnetic hysteresis loops exhibit an exchange bias mechanism below T ≈ 80 K, which is well below the Curie temperature of the ferromagnetic La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 layer. The exchange bias and coercive fields decay exponentially with temperature, which is commonly accepted to describe spin-glass (SG) behavior. The signatures of slow dynamics were confirmed by slow spin relaxation over a wide temperature regime. Low-energy muon spectroscopy experiments directly evidence the slowing down of the magnetic moments below ~100 K in the NFL. The experimental results indicate the SG nature of the NFL. This SG state can be understood within the context of the competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions of similar energies.

Unconventional properties in heavy fermion compounds are thought to arise from competing interactions between conduction electrons and localized magnetic moments. Here, the authors build one-dimensional lattices of cobalt atoms on a metallic surface and observe the onset of heavy fermion behaviour.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a heterogeneous, debilitating condition with highly relevant impact on functional capacity, quality of life, and life-expectancy. Objectives: This study aims to provide long-term data on the Portuguese PH population, by characterising the clinical presentation, evolution, and outcomes of PH patients in a specialised referral centre. Methods: Retrospective analysis of a cohort of 101 patients with pre-capillary PH (pcPH) referenced to an expert tertiary care referral centre in northern Portugal from 2002 to 2013. Diagnosis was confirmed by right heart catheterisation (RHC). PH classification followed consensus criteria from the 5th World Symposium in Nice, 2013. Results: The most frequent causes of pcPH were Group 1 PH – pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (54.4%) and Group 4 PH – Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) (25.7%); importantly, 17.8% of patients presented PH associated with multiple aetiologies. Targeted therapy was used in 91.1% of patients (48.5% combination therapy). 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival was estimated at 86.6%, 76.7%, and 64.1%, respectively. Survival was significantly better for those ≤40 years old (10.5 vs. 6.4 years; P = 0.003) and for women with I/HPAH (9.3 vs. 4.5 years; P = 0.039). Conclusions: This study provides long-term, real-world data for the management of PAH and CTEPH in Portugal and demonstrates the importance of dedicated electronic medical records and well defined clinical management protocols for better patient outcomes. Patients presented mostly with intermediate or high risk of mortality, which suggests delayed diagnosis and highlights the need to increase awareness among clinicians. Keywords: Pulmonary hypertension, Pulmonary arterial hypertension, Survival, Portuguese population, Cohort, Real-world data

Spin-to-charge conversion is a central process in the emerging field of spintronics. One of its main applications is the electrical detection of spin currents, and for this, the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) has become one of the preferred methods. We studied the thickness dependence of the ISHE in iridium oxide (IrO2) thin films, producing spin currents by means of the spin Seebeck effect in γ−Fe2O3/IrO2 bilayers prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The observed ISHE charge current density, which features a maximum as a consequence of the spin diffusion length scale, follows the typical behaviour of spin-Hall-related phenomena. By fitting to the theory developed by Castel et al., we find that the spin Hall angle θSH scales proportionally to the thin film resistivity, θSH∝ρc, and obtains a value for the spin diffusion length λIrO2 of λIrO2=3.3(7) nm. In addition, we observe a negative θSH for every studied thickness and temperature, unlike previously reported works, which brings the possibility of tuning the desired functionality of high-resistance spin-Hall-based devices. We attribute this behaviour to the textured growth of the sample in the context of a highly anisotropic value of the spin Hall conductivity in this material.

Abstract We present evidence on the effects of exogenous heating by water bath (WB) and magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) on a glial micro-tumor phantom. To this, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) of 30–40 nm were designed to obtain particle sizes for maximum heating efficiency. The specific power absorption (SPA) values (f = 560 kHz, H = 23.9 kA/m) for as prepared colloids (533–605 W/g) dropped to 98–279 W/g in culture medium. The analysis of the intracellular MNPs distribution showed vesicle-trapped MNPs agglomerates spread along the cytoplasm, as well as large (~0.5–0.9 μm) clusters attached to the cell membrane. Immediately after WB and MHT (T = 46 °C for 30 min) the cell viability was ≈70% and, after 4.5 h, decreased to 20–25%, demonstrating that metabolic processes are involved in cell killing. The analysis of the cell structures after MHT revealed a significant damage of the cell membrane that is correlated to the location of MNPs clusters, while local cell damage were less noticeable after WB without MNPs. In spite of the similar thermal effects of WB and MHT on the cell viability, our results suggest that there is an additional mechanism of cell damage related to the presence of MNPs at the intracellular space.

The current carrying capability of type II superconductors under magnetic fields is determined to a large extent by the interaction of superconducting vortices with pinning centers. Vortices are arranged in lattices with varying degrees of disorder depending on the balance between the intervortex interactions and the pinning strength. We analyze here vortex arrangements in disordered vortex lattices of different superconducting systems, single crystals (Co-doped NbSe_{2}, LiFeAs, and CaKFe_{4}As_{4}), and amorphous W-based thin films (with critical temperatures T_{c} from 4 K to 35 K and critical fields from 3.4 T to more than 90 T). We calculate for each case the structure factor and number variance and compare to calculations on an interacting set of partially pinned particles. We find that random density fluctuations appear when pinning overcomes interactions and show that the suppression of density fluctuations is correlated to the presence of interactions. We discuss the results within the framework of hyperuniform distributions and find that all studied lattices follow a similar increase of the number variance with the defect density.

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Article 38 Paragraph (1) of Law No. 23 of 2014 concerning Local Government as amended by Law No. 9 of 2015 concerning the second Amendment to Law No. 23 of 2014 concerning Local Government is contrary to Article 20A Paragraph (1), Article 21 and Article 22D paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution. Where the proposal for regional expansion proposed by Governor is takeover of authority. In the 1945 Constitution has been regulated in a limitative manner the authority given to the DPR and DPD institutionally the power to form the law and give authority to the President to submit a draft law. Author examines legal analysis of the authority of the DPR and DPD in the process of regional expansion. Type of research is normative research and qualitative descriptive form. The authority of the DPR and DPD in the process of regional expansion as regulated has been constitutionally harmed, namely the right to submit a draft law related to regional expansion and participate together to discuss the draft law which results in the process of regional expansion cannot be submitted by the DPR and DPD which has a legislative function.

The source of political rights inherent in human rights and political rights are also closely related to power. Meanwhile, corruptors who abuse their power are only sentenced to an average of 2 years and 2 months in prison during 2016; In 2013 the average sentence was 2 years 11 months; in 2014 2 years 8 months; and 2015 only 2 years 2 months. There needs to be a formulation of the provisions of the regulations as a basis for integrating and harmonizing judges' decisions on the revocation of political rights or it is also necessary to formulate a special criminal system to eradicate corruption crimes. Therefore, this study aims to examine what things underlie the enforcement of the deprivation of the political rights of the convicted of corruption in judge's decision and formulation of the criminal law system regarding the deprivation of political rights of convicted of corruption in judge's decision?. This research was conducted using a type of sociological juridical research approach. The result of the research is the abolition of political rights for corruption convicts, when examined from the juridical, sociological, and human rights aspects. It must become a standard in the punishment of corruption, considering that several formulations of the criminal law system currently exist in the criminal act of corruption which is still relatively light because the several sanctions given to date have not minimized acts of corruption.

The Organization of the Government of the village of terpisakan no peyelenggaraan autonomous region. Through law No. 6 Year 2014 about villages, each village given discretion to set its own kewenanganya, either the authority based on the origin of the local scale, the powers and authority of the village, in the transferred by the Central Government/provinces//kota in accordance with government legislation. This research uses the normative-empirical type. The data used in this research is the primary data, namely data obtained directly from the field in the form of interviews and questionnaires and secondary data, namely data obtained from graphical documents (tables, notes, meeting, meetings, etc), photographs, films, video recordings, and other things that can enrich the primary data. Research results show that implementation of the allocation of Funds in the village of Banabungi Village have been implemented but in pelaksanaanya is not effective. It is based on is Not dilaksanakanya the principle of transparency and participatory in its own ruling, a factor pelaksanaanya i.e. the absence of legal sanctions or force power for the Government when the village does not implement legal norms. While the position of Permendagri NO. 113 Year 2014 about financial management is in compliance as regulations, although the above provision does not mention explicitly the type of legislation in the form of a regulation of the Minister, but the phrase rules set by Ministers at the top, reflecting the existence of ministerial regulation as one of the types of legislation.