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Few studies have focused on the problem of pain and discomfort experienced during and after periodontal debridment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of manual versus hand driven non surgical periodontal instrumentation on the patient's comfort, perception of pain and dental hypersensitivity during and after the instrumentation. Moreover, the influence of the treatment modality on the healing of slight to moderate periodontitis was assessed with careful attention to indices of periodontal inflammation. 22 subjects with a minimum of 4≥6mm periodontal pockets with 3 to 4mm attachment loss in different quadrants, the presence of ≥20 teeth with a minimum of four molars were enrolled. PD (probing depth, 6 sites per tooth), number of sites with PD> 6mm, buccal and lingual recessions were collected. Two quadrants Mouth Bleeding and Plaque Scores (T.M.P.S, T.M.B.S.) were assessed as the presence or absence of bleeding on probing and plaque following disclosing in quadrants 1–4 and 2–3. Non surgical periodontal treatment was delivered in two appointments performed within one week. In the first appointment the first and the fourth quadrants (patient's right side) were completely treated by mechanical or manual devices according to the randomization codes. In the second appointment the remaining two quadrants (patient's left side) were instrumented with the other therapeutical approach. The duration of each session, need for local anesthesia and additional information were recorded during the instrumentation appointments. All the patients were requested to fill in a form regarding pain, hypersensitivity, and need for painkillers following the two debridment appointments. Two drop outs were observed. Mean pain scores after treatment were higher in manual than in machine driven side (3.11±1.40 vs 2.33±1.41), whereas mean dentine hypersensitivity scores were slightly higher in mechanical side (4.40±1.56 vs 3.77±1.11). The need for painkillers after both treatment approaches was minimal. 6 out of 20 patients asked for local anesthesia and clustering regarding the request for both treated sides was observed. The mean instrumentation time was significantly lower for mechanical versus manual instrumentation (84.57±12.92 vs 119.25±13.50, p

Abstract Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a highly prevalent condition associated with increased caries experience, dental pain and treatment need. Aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of MIH in a group of 7–8 years old primary school children living in Rome, Italy; and to assess the association with caries experience and possible perinatal risk factors. A survey has been conducted in the city of Rome, between April 2019 and March 2020 with a total of 49 primary schools and 176 2nd grade primary school classes and a total of 3611 children being involved. Of these, a subset of 346 children of 21 primary schools was selected for the epidemiological investigation. The prevalence of MIH was of 18.2%, with girls showing twice the probability of being subject to a mild-severe condition. Molar location was present in 71.4%, while location on both molar plus incisor was present in 28.6% of cases. The mean DMFT was 0.44 ± 0.78, “D” was 0.17 ± 0.58; the mean dmft was 1.7 ± 2.56, “d” was 1.32 ± 2.21. Female gender, caries experience, insufficient oral hygiene were risk factors. The incidence of MIH is increasing in the pediatric population. Knowledge about diagnosis and treatment options should be disseminated among dental professionals.