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El manejo de la vía aérea en el paciente crítico se realiza con frecuencia bajo una situación de urgencia. La probabilidad de que se presenten complicaciones y dificultades no previstas es mayor en la UCI que en el quirófano. El abordaje de la vía aérea en este entorno ha ganado interés en los últimos años, especialmente tras el cuarto trabajo de auditoría NAP4 del que se obtuvieron varias conclusiones importantes1. La primera y más interesante fue la escasa valoración de la vía aérea que se realiza en las unidades de críticos y que no permite anticiparnos a una vía aérea difícil, derivando en una planificación pobre. En segundo lugar se determinó que, en el contexto de una vía aérea difícil inesperada, la escasa capacidad de modificar el plan establecido puede derivar en un fallo en la resolución de la situación.

Objective:. We aimed to determine whether n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NB2C) adhesive is a safe and effective mechanism for nonpenetrating mesh and peritoneal fixation during laparoscopic groin hernia repair. Background:. Chronic pain after laparoscopic groin hernia repair has been associated with penetrating fixation, but there had been no US Food and Drug Administration–approved devices for nonpenetrating fixation in this context. Methods:. Patients undergoing laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAP) or totally extraperitoneal (TEP) groin hernia repair with mesh at 1 of 5 academic medical centers were randomized to mesh (TAP/TEP) and peritoneal (TAP) fixation with NB2C adhesive or absorbable tacks. The primary outcome was improvement in pain (visual analog scale [VAS]) at 6 months. The noninferiority margin was 0.9 (α = 0.025; β = 80%). Recurrence, successful use of the device, quality of life, and rates of adverse events (AEs) were secondary outcomes. Results:. From 2019 to 2021, 284 patients were randomized to either NB2C adhesive or absorbable tacks (n = 142/142). Patient and hernia characteristics were comparable, and 65% were repaired using a TAP approach. The difference in VAS improvement at 6 months with NB2C adhesive was not inferior to absorbable tacks in intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses, respectively (0.25 [95% CI, −0.33 to 0.82]; P = 0.013; 0.22 [95% CI, −0.36 to 0.80], noninferiority P = 0.011). There were no differences in secondary outcomes including recurrence, successful use of each device to fixate the mesh and peritoneum, quality of life, and additional VAS pain scores. Rates of adverse and serious AEs were also comparable. Conclusions:. NB2C adhesive is safe and effective for mesh fixation and peritoneal closure during laparoscopic groin hernia repair.

Numerous studies show that tillage has a negative impact on the future sustainability of annual crops. Possible negative effects include the loss of arthropod biodiversity on the soil surface. In this context, a comparative study was carried out between tillage and no-tillage plots after four years of differentiated management. Research was carried out on a rotation of rainfed annual crops and on an irrigated maize monoculture. It was found that no-tillage of annual crops was beneficial in increasing the overall diversity and abundance of arthropod species. The dominance of three orders of arthropods on the surface of annual crops was confirmed, corresponding to the increased presence of morphospecies and individual beetles, ants and spiders. In rainfed crops, a significant increase in morphospecies was observed in no-tillage (19.5) compared to conventional tillage (16.2). In irrigated crops, the average abundance of arthropods in no-tillage (96.7) was significantly higher than in conventional tillage (57.8). Arthropod diversity on the soil surface was mainly influenced by the management system used (tillage or no-tillage), followed by soil carbon content and irrigation (irrigation or no irrigation).

Resumen: La queratodermia acuagénica (QA) es una afectación dermatológica adquirida poco frecuente que se caracteriza por la aparición de edema y pápulas blanquecinas-translúcidas desencadenado por la inmersión o contacto con el agua. Se han descrito casos asociados a fármacos, hiperhidrosis y a fibrosis quística. Los objetivos del estudio son evaluar la efectividad de los distintos tratamientos existentes para la QA. Realizamos una revisión de la literatura existente al respecto hasta el momento, incluyendo series de casos y reportes de caso. El tratamiento de la QA es efectivo en las formas asociadas a hiperhidrosis. La iontoforesis del agua del grifo, la simpatectomía torácica endoscópica, las inyecciones de toxina botulínica y la oxibutinina son efectivas en las formas refractarias. La aplicación tópica de ácido salicílico o sales de aluminio es efectiva, pero resulta poco eficaz como tratamiento de mantenimiento. Probablemente la mejor alternativa para el tratamiento de la QA sea la oxibutinina 5 mg/día vo. Se ha observado que los efectos fisiopatológicos de los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos en la QA podrían justificar el uso de las prostaglandinas como un tratamiento dirigido de la enfermedad. Se necesitan estudios adicionales para fortalecer estas deducciones y abordar las incertidumbres restantes. Abstract: Aquagenic keratoderma is an uncommon acquired dermatosis characterized by edema and whitish-translucent papules triggered by immersion or contact with water. Cases have been described in association with certain medications, hyperhidrosis, and cystic fibrosis. The aim of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments for aquagenic keratoderma. We reviewed the literature and analyzed treatments for aquagenic keratoderma described in case series and reports. Aquagenic keratoderma associated with hyperhidrosis can be treated effectively. Tap water iontophoresis, endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy, botulinum toxin injections, and oxybutynin are effective against refractory forms. Topical salicylic acid and aluminum salts are effective, but of little value as maintenance therapy. Oral oxybutynin 5 mg/d is probably the best option for treating aquagenic keratoderma. The reported pathophysiological effects of nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs in this setting suggest that the use of prostaglandins might be justified. Additional studies are needed to investigate these hypotheses and resolve other questions.

Aquagenic keratoderma is an uncommon acquired dermatosis characterized by edema and whitish-translucent papules triggered by immersion or contact with water. Cases have been described in association with certain medications, hyperhidrosis, and cystic fibrosis. The aim of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments for aquagenic keratoderma. We reviewed the literature and analyzed treatments for aquagenic keratoderma described in case series and reports. Aquagenic keratoderma associated with hyperhidrosis can be treated effectively. Tap water iontophoresis, endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy, botulinum toxin injections, and oxybutynin are effective against refractory forms. Topical salicylic acid and aluminum salts are effective, but of little value as maintenance therapy. Oral oxybutynin 5 mg/d is probably the best option for treating aquagenic keratoderma. The reported pathophysiological effects of nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs in this setting suggest that the use of prostaglandins might be justified. Additional studies are needed to investigate these hypotheses and resolve other questions. Resumen: La queratodermia acuagénica (QA) es una afectación dermatológica adquirida poco frecuente que se caracteriza por la aparición de edema y pápulas blanquecinas-translúcidas desencadenado por la inmersión o contacto con el agua. Se han descrito casos asociados a fármacos, hiperhidrosis y a fibrosis quística. Los objetivos del estudio son evaluar la efectividad de los distintos tratamientos existentes para la QA. Realizamos una revisión de la literatura existente al respecto hasta el momento, incluyendo series de casos y reportes de caso. El tratamiento de la QA es efectivo en las formas asociadas a hiperhidrosis. La iontoforesis del agua del grifo, la simpatectomía torácica endoscópica, las inyecciones de toxina botulínica y la oxibutinina son efectivas en las formas refractarias. La aplicación tópica de ácido salicílico o sales de aluminio es efectiva, pero resulta poco eficaz como tratamiento de mantenimiento. Probablemente la mejor alternativa para el tratamiento de la QA sea la oxibutinina 5 mg/día vo. Se ha observado que los efectos fisiopatológicos de los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos en la QA podrían justificar el uso de las prostaglandinas como un tratamiento dirigido de la enfermedad. Se necesitan estudios adicionales para fortalecer estas deducciones y abordar las incertidumbres restantes.

Feeding a growing population, which will reach 10 billion in 2050, is a major challenge. Another major challenge is to increase crops’ productivity in a sustainable way, as the increase in agricultural inputs may lead to greenhouse gas emissions, including N2O fertiliser. Several factors can influence N2O emissions such as irrigation, the soil management system, or the type of fertiliser used. The aim of this research is to study the impact of each above-mentioned factor on N2O emissions during three growing seasons in a maize field, considering three nitrogen fertilisers: urea (U), ammonium nitrate (AN), and a fertiliser with the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP); two irrigation strategies: on demand (100%) and deficit irrigation (75% of demand); and a comparison of two soil management systems: conventional tillage (T) systems and no-tillage (NT) system. The interactions among the three factors and their effects on emissions were analysed through a principal component analysis. Higher emissions were recorded in plots that received the highest irrigation dose. The most favourable management to reduce N2O emissions derived from agricultural activity for maize crops under a Mediterranean climate was the NT soil management, using a fertiliser with nitrification inhibitor and an irrigation dose of 75% of conventional irrigation.

Almond (Prunus dulcis Mill. [D.A. Webb]) is the third most widely spread crop in Spain and has traditionally been cultivated in marginal areas and shallow soils under rainfed conditions. However, it recently has been progressively introduced in flat irrigated areas. The implementation of cover crops in the inter-rows of woody crops has been proven as a suitable strategy to reduce the runoff and soil erosion but they also can boost soil quality and health. A field experiment was conducted during two-monitoring seasons to examine the soil nitrogen and carbon sequestration potential of three seeded cover crops [barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), and a mixture of 65% barley and 35% vetch] and a control of spontaneous flora in irrigated almond orchards (SW Spain). Here, we show that barley provided the highest biomass amount, followed by mixture covers, vetch, and the control treatment. Also, vetch covered the soil faster in the growing stage, but its residues were decomposed easier than barley and mixture treatments during the decomposition period after mowing, providing less soil protection when the risk of water erosion with autumn rainfall is high. On the other hand, vetch improved soil nitrate content by over 35% with respect to barley and mixture treatments at 0–20 cm soil depth throughout the studied period. In addition, a greater carbon input to the soil was determined in the barley plot. That is, the mixture and barley cover crops had higher potential for carbon sequestration, augmenting the soil organic carbon by more than 1.0 Mg ha−1 during the study period. Thus, taking into consideration the findings of the present experiment, the establishment of a seeded cover crop would be more advisable than spontaneous flora to mitigate soil erosion, enhancing soil fertility and carbon sequestration in irrigated almond plantations in Mediterranean semi-arid regions.

Three dogs were evaluated due to the presence of unilateral adrenal gland masses with or without clinical signs. Case 1 showed a unilateral non-functional adrenocortical adenoma, discovered accidentally while Case 2 presented a unilateral cortisol-secreting adrenocortical adenoma; a pheochromocytoma was accidentally discovered in Case 3. The adrenalectomy was the treatment of choice in all cases. The development of diagnostic imaging techniques, mainly ultrasonography, and its application to routine abdominal examinations, have allowed the detection of adrenal gland masses more frequently. However, there is no pattern of echogenicity or architecture which would help in the differentiation in a functional tumour from a non-functional tumour, a pheochromocytoma, a metastatic lesion to the adrenal or a granuloma. A complete description of history, clinical signs, laboratory analysis and imaging studies is included. Moreover, a revision of the different types of adrenal gland tumours, with their clinical presentation, a standardised diagnosis protocol and options for treatment are discussed.

This paper examines the ethics of big data in agriculture, focusing on the power asymmetry between farmers and large agribusinesses like Monsanto. Following the recent purchase of Climate Corp., Monsanto is currently the most prominent biotech agribusiness to buy into big data. With wireless sensors on tractors monitoring or dictating every decision a farmer makes, Monsanto can now aggregate large quantities of previously proprietary farming data, enabling a privileged position with unique insights on a field-by-field basis into a third or more of the US farmland. This power asymmetry may be rebalanced through open-sourced data, and publicly-funded data analytic tools which rival Climate Corp. in complexity and innovation for use in the public domain.

La patología del hormigón armado y su reparación, no cabe duda que es un tema de actualidad a nivel mundial. En este informe se expone la problemática planteada en el hormigón armado de una presa de contrafuertes, en los Pirineos de Lérida, que ocasionaba una pérdida de agua de 60 I/segundo, la solución técnica dada y su proceso de ejecución a temperaturas del orden de O °C. Una parte de la reparación fue llevada a cabo en la primavera de 1984 y, el resto, a principios de 1985. Los años transcurridos están confirmando la eficacia del tratamiento.

This study provides a bibliometric analysis of global scientific production on Conservation Agriculture (CA) and its relationship with climate change mitigation. Using data from the Scopus and Web of Science databases, the research encompassed 650 articles published between 1995 and 2022. The analysis revealed significant growth in the number of publications over the past three decades, driven by increasing global interest in sustainable agricultural practices. The findings highlight key themes, including no-tillage, soil organic carbon, and greenhouse gas emissions. Collaboration networks were mapped, identifying major contributors, such as the USA, Brazil, and China, alongside thematic clusters emphasizing carbon sequestration and soil management. Results indicate that CA research is increasingly focused on its potential to mitigate climate change, particularly through practices like no-tillage, vegetative cover, and crop rotation. While carbon sequestration has been central to CA research, recent studies have expanded to include nitrous oxide and methane emissions, indicating a broadening conceptual framework. This analysis underscores the importance of CA in addressing climate challenges and offers insights into emerging research areas, such as regional adaptations and the long-term effects of no-till systems. The findings aim to guide future research and policy development in sustainable agriculture and climate mitigation.

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a key parameter of soil quality, and its improvement reduces the risk of desertification and provides several ecosystem services. Groundcovers are efficient for reducing soil degradation through erosion control and the improvement of organic matter. This article shows the effect of groundcovers with the addition of pruning residues on the SOC in olive orchards compared to soil management based on tillage. Four olive fields located in several edaphoclimatic zones of the Andalusia Region (southern Spain) were monitored, and the SOC stock was assessed during four seasons. The spontaneous groundcovers with the addition of shredded pruning residues had significant effects on SOC in all fields. The tillage treatment also increased the SOC content due to the carbon input through spontaneous vegetation and pruning residues, but to a lesser extent than the non-disturbed soil with groundcovers. The climate and soil characteristics of each zone, especially the clay content, determined the magnitude of the SOC increase. Carbon sequestration rates ranged from 0.02 to 3.02 MgC ha−1 yr−1 up to 30 cm in depth, and the SOC stock measured at the end of the four-season study period was significantly higher in the groundcover treatment, making this system sustainable in olive orchards and recommendable for the entailed ecosystem services.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of thermal processing on physicochemical properties, steviol glycosides, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant capacity degradation of a beverage based on exotic fruit juices, orange juice, açaí, and oat and sweetened with Stevia rebaudiana water extracts at different concentrations. The experimental design comprised a response surface methodology according to a central composite face-centered design. The variable ranges were 60–99°C, 0.25–15 min, 0–2.5% Stevia percentage. This design was used to determine the optimal thermal processing-Stevia concentration in order to obtain the best retention of bioactive compounds and physicochemical properties in the beverage following thermal processing. Thermal processing conducted in the sample containing 2.5% Stevia at 82.4°C for 3.8 min led to the beverage with the greatest presence of antioxidant compounds. The evaluation of the thermal processing critical parameters on antioxidant compounds can contribute to achieve optimal processing conditions in order to obtain new beverages with high antioxidant potential.