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Saponins are the primary secondary metabolites of sea cucumber, which are the material basis for its chemical defense. Sea cucumber saponins possess multiple biological properties including antitumor activity, immunoenhancing effect and ameliorative effect on metabolic syndrome, and therefore hold great promise in the development of health products and drugs. Sea cucumber saponins are complex and diverse, and their structural characteristics greatly affect their biological activities. This review begins with an overview of the sources and types of sea cucumber saponins, and then focuses on systematically summarizing the current status of research on their structural characteristics, bioactivities and action mechanisms. Finally, it gives an outlook on future prospects. We expect this review will provide a reference for the high-value development and utilization of sea cucumber saponins.

This paper summarized the nursing measures for a patient with post-stroke constipation treated by acupoint massage along meridians. Based on a comprehensive nursing risk assessment, the acupoint massage manipulations along meridians was carried out in combination with psychological care and dietary guidance. The acupoint massage was effective to relieve the symptoms of constipation. (本文总结运用循经穴位按摩治疗1例脑卒中后便秘患者的效果和护理体会。在完善护理评估的基础上, 运用循经穴位按摩手法, 同时配合心理护理和饮食指导, 有效改善患者便秘症状。)

Patients after stroke are often accompanied by disorders of consciousness and swallowing disorders, and giving enteral nutrition is of great significance to avoid malnutrition and improve the prognosis. Stress hyperglycemia is a common complication in the acute phase and has an unfavorable prognosis. Enteral nutrition has an impact on blood glucose. In this paper, a literature search on related issues was conducted, in order to review the relationship between enteral nutrition and blood glucose, intestinal nutrition, hyperglycemia, and Traditional Chinese Medicine care technology-assisted hypoglycemic treatment. (脑卒中患者常伴有意识障碍、吞咽障碍, 给予肠内营养对避免营养不良、改善预后具有重要意义。应激性高血糖是急性期常见并发症, 对患者预后不利。肠内营养会对血糖产生影响, 本文就相关问题进行文献检索, 对肠内营养与血糖的关系、肠内营养的管理、高血糖的管理以及中医护理技术辅助降糖进行综述。)

Enteral nutrition is the first choice of nutritional support for clinical patients. The bedside ultrasound has provided auxiliary support for the placement of intestinal tube, increased the success rate of tube placement, and alleviated the pain of patients. This article reviews the techniques and methods of ultrasound-assisted placement of nasointestinal tube at present, aiming to provide reference for clinical practice and further provide ideas for bedside ultrasound assisted placement of nasointestinal tube. (肠内营养作为临床患者营养支持的首选途径。床旁超声引导为鼻肠管的置入提供了辅助保障, 提高了置管成功率, 减轻了患者的置管痛苦。本文综述了超声辅助鼻肠管置入法的技巧及方法, 旨在为进一步为提高鼻肠管置入质量提供参考。)

Insomnia is the most common mental and emotional disease that occurs in stroke patients, and insomnia indirectly affects the recovery of nerve function and clinical prognosis in stroke patients, and may even lead to the recurrence of stroke. Intradermal acupuncture is a method of treating insomnia by inserting intradermal needle and fixing it in the skin or subcutaneous area of the acupuncture point, stimulating it for a long time to treat the disease, and adjusting the function of Qi and blood in the meridian organs. This article reviewed the treatment and nursing care of a patient with insomnia after stroke. On the basis of conventional treatment and nursing care, intradermal acupuncture was carried out to improve the sleep quality of the patient. (失眠在脑卒中患者好发的精神或情绪疾病中占首位, 失眠不但影响脑卒中患者神经功能恢复, 继而影响临床预后, 还可能引起脑卒中的复发。皮内针法是用皮内针刺入腧穴部位的皮内或皮下并加以固定, 从而进行持续刺激来达到治疗疾病目的的一种方法, 通过疏通经络、调理脏腑气血的功能以治疗失眠。本文总结1例脑卒中并发失眠患者的护理经验, 在常规失眠治疗、护理干预的基础上, 给予皮内针法护理, 改善患者睡眠质量。)

Objective To analyze the effect of training for medical caregivers, and provide reference for the standard training for medical caregivers. Methods A training group was established to formulate the teaching and training program, teaching objectives, management requirements, training items, teaching conditions, training forms and assessment rules. The training program was carried out according to the implementation plan of Strengthening the Training and Standardized Management of Medical Care Worker in Beijing. Results Medical caregivers were satisfied with the contents of training and related theory teaching and practice provided during the period. The pass rate of the final assessment was 100%. Conclusion The training course for medical caregivers is reasonable and has achieved good results, which is a beneficial attempt to carry out standardized training of medical nurses in the future. (目的 探讨医疗护理员培训实践效果, 为更规范开展医疗护理员培训工作提供参考。方法 成立医疗护理员培训小组, 制定教学培训大纲及教学目标、管理要求、培训项目、教学条件、培训形式及考核等细则, 按照规范对11名护理员开展培训。结果 11名采用培训的护理员对培训内容、理论授课、操作培训、实践安排均表示满意, 均认同该培训模式, 学员考核通过率100. 00%。结论 通过成立规范的培训小组、设置合理的培训内容和课程, 有助于提升培训效果。)

Medical caregivers as auxiliary medical care personnel have become an indispensable labor supplement in nursing work. Given the public's rising awareness of health and rights protection, the quality of patients' nursing staff has also improved accordingly. In order to strengthen life care skills and professional quality, it's required to standardize professional training. However, there are still many problems in the training of medical nursing staff and content in China. This article analyzed the current employment conditions, management and training needs of medical caregivers, aiming to provide reference for further establishment of standardized training curriculums. (医疗护理员是辅助医疗护理的人员, 已成为护理工作中不可缺少的劳务补充。为加强护理员生活照护技能和职业素养, 需对医疗护理员进行规范化专业培训。目前, 国内关于医疗护理员的培训方式和内容尚存在着诸多问题。本文就医疗护理员目前的从业、管理和培训状况进行分析, 为进一步设置规范化的培训课程提供参考。)

This paper reviewed the nursing experience of an elderly patient with ischemic cerebrovascular disease complicated with pulmonary infection. On the basis of routine treatment and nursing intervention of pulmonary infection, the traditional Chinese medicine aerosol inhalation nursing was given. The implementation of atomized inhalation of traditional Chinese medicine can obviously reduce the viscosity of sputum of patients, and reduce the number of times of daily sputum aspiration. (本文回顾1例缺血性脑卒中并发肺部感染老年患者的护理经验。在常规肺部感染治疗、护理干预的基础上, 给予中药雾化吸入。中药雾化吸入能够有效降低患者痰液的黏稠度, 减少患者每日吸痰次数。)

Objective To systematically sort out the research literature on cerebrovascular angiography nursing in my country, to discuss the research status, hot spots and development trends of cerebrovascular angiography nursing, and to provide references for clinical staff engaged in cerebrovascular angiography nursing in China. Methods Taking the nursing of cerebral angiography as the subject, searching domestic common databases including CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, and using CiteSpace software to visually analyze the retrieved documents. Results A total of 1088 articles were included, combined with keyword co-occurrence and burstiness, etc. , it was concluded that the research in the field of cerebral angiography in my country mainly focuses on the effectiveness of different nursing methods and new nursing techniques in reducing perioperative complications. Conclusion Based on evidence-based, graded assessment of the risk factors that cause urinary retention after cerebrovascular angiography and individualized response measures based on different risk grading standards, continuous optimization of nursing intervention methods, and increased patient comfort are the future Research trends. (目的 系统梳理我国有关脑血管造影术护理的研究文献, 探讨脑血管造影术护理的研究现状、热点及发展趋势, 为我国从事脑血管造影术护理的临床工作人员提供参考。方法 以脑血管造影术护理为主题, 检索国内常用数据库包括中国知网、维普、万方, 运用CiteSpace软件对检索到的文献进行可视化分析。结果 共纳入1088篇文献, 结合关键词共现及突现词等, 得出我国脑血管造影术护理领域的研究主要围绕不同的护理方式以及护理新技术等对减少围手术期并发症有效性方面展开。结论 以循证为基础, 对引起脑血管造影术后尿潴留的危险因素进行分级评估, 针对不同的风险分级标准开展个性化的应对措施, 不断优化护理干预方式, 增加患者舒适性等是未来研究的趋势。)