Search

ObjectivesTo better understand the outcome benefits of community health services for the aged (CHSA) and provide bottom-up identity for development, this study examined the impact of using CHSA on well-being of older adults from both objective and subjective dimensions.MethodsData from 1,411 people aged 60+ in Shaanxi, China was used in this study. The OLS estimate was used to analyze the impact of using CHSA on well-being of older adults. Then, the instrumental variable estimate was further hired to examine associations among variables to address the potential endogeneity concerns. The heterogeneity among disabled and non-disabled group was also estimated.ResultsFor objective well-being, the mental health (β = 0.44) and financial well-being (β = 0.59) of older people using CHSA were significantly higher than those not using any service. The impact on objective well-being were more significant in non-disabled group. For subjective well-being, life meaning (β = 0.54) and security (β = 0.72) were positively associated with CHSA utilization, while independence index (β = −0.33) was negatively related with CHSA utilization. The subjective well-being of disabled group using services increased more than non-disabled group.ConclusionFindings underscore the positive, albeit group-selective, role of CHSA in improving well-being of older people in China and imply the necessity of high-quality development of CHSA and the targeted differentiation strategy.

Thermal protection performance (TPP) is an important index to evaluate the performance of firefighting clothing. The purpose of this work is to build a model to predict the TPP values of fabrics with fewer variables. Two properties of flame-retardant cotton were tested with TPP values under different air gaps, and the correlations between these properties were also analyzed. A combined model was established by integrating multivariate nonlinear regression model and gradient boosting regression tree model. Then the combined model was compared with these two single models. The results showed that the correlation coefficients between gram weight and thickness of fabric and TPP value were 0.833 and 0.837, respectively, indicating a strong correlation. The correlation coefficient between air gap and TPP value was 0.304, indicating a weak correlation. In predicting the thermal protective performance of flame-retardant cotton, this study employed a multivariate nonlinear regression model, a Gradient Boosting Regression Tree (GBRT) model, and a combined model. After comparing various evaluation metrics, it was finally decided to adopt the combined model for predicting the thermal protective performance values of flame-retardant cotton. This method improved the prediction accuracy of thermal protective performance, facilitating the promotion and application of the combined model. Furthermore, when exploring the thermal protective performance of flame-retardant cotton, the use of fewer variables to establish the prediction model can not only significantly simplify the complex structure of the model but also greatly enhance the analysis efficiency, ensuring the efficiency and precision of the research process.

Abstract Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common malignancy among primary liver cancers, with an increasing overall incidence and poor prognosis. The intertumoral and intratumoral heterogeneity of ICC makes it difficult to find efficient drug therapies. Therefore, it is essential to identify tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes that induce ICC formation and progression. Here, we performed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome-wide screening in a liver-specific Smad4/Pten knockout mouse model (Smad4 co/co ;Pten co/co ;Alb-Cre, abbreviated as SPC), which normally generates ICC after 6 months, and detected that mutations in Trp53, Fbxw7, Inppl1, Tgfbr2, or Cul3 markedly accelerated ICC formation. To illustrate the potential mechanisms, we conducted transcriptome sequencing and found that multiple receptor tyrosine kinases were activated, which mainly upregulated the PI3K pathway to induce cell proliferation. Remarkably, the Cul3 mutation stimulated cancer progression mainly by altering the immune microenvironment, whereas other mutations promoted the cell cycle. Moreover, Fbxw7, Inppl1, Tgfbr2, and Trp53 also affect inflammatory responses, apelin signaling, mitotic spindles, ribosome biogenesis, and nucleocytoplasmic transport pathways, respectively. We further examined FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of liver cancer and performed high-throughput drug screening of the gene-mutant organoids. Different drug responses and promising drug therapies, including chemotherapy and targeted drugs, have been discovered for ICC.

Maize growth and development are regulated by light quality, intensity and photoperiod. Cryptochromes are blue/ultraviolet-A light receptors involved in stem elongation, shade avoidance, and photoperiodic flowering. To investigate the function of cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) in maize, where it is encoded by ZmCRY1, we obtained two ZmCRY1a genes (ZmCRY1a1 and ZmCRY1a2), both of which share the highest similarity with other gramineous plants, in particular rice CRY1a by phylogenetic analysis. In Arabidopsis, overexpression of ZmCRY1a genes promoted seedling de-etiolation under blue and white light, resulting in dwarfing of mature plants. In seedlings of the maize inbred line Zong 31 (ZmCRY1a-OE), overexpression of ZmCRY1a genes caused a reduction in the mesocotyl and first leaf sheath lengths due to down-regulation of genes influencing cell elongation. In mature transgenic maize plants, plant height, ear height, and internode length decreased in response to overexpression of ZmCRY1a genes. Expression of ZmCRY1a were insensitive to low blue light (LBL)-induced shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) in Arabidopsis and maize. This prompted us to investigate the regulatory role of the gibberellin and auxin metabolic pathways in the response of ZmCRY1a genes to LBL treatment. We confirmed a link between ZmCRY1a expression and hormonal influence on the growth and development of maize under LBL-induced SAS. These results reveal that ZmCRY1a has a relatively conservative function in regulating maize photomorphogenesis and may guide new strategies for breeding high density-tolerant maize cultivars.

Water–air trans-media unmanned vehicle is a kind of aircraft, which can freely fly in the air, sail in the water and pass through free surface. For trans-media aircrafts, the development process from air–surface to air–underwater and from submarine-launched drive to autonomous drive is investigated. By analyzing the characteristic of manta ray, flying fish and existing aircraft, this paper proposes a new water–air trans-media unmanned vehicle with flat dish-airfoil-shaped main body and telescopic NACA-type wing. Then the numerical method to calculate the lift and drag forces is established and validated by the results of classic NACA cases. On this basis, the flow field around the new vehicle is numerically simulated, and its lift–drag performances in different media (air and water) and ground effect are analyzed, comparing it with a model inspired by the Blackwing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The findings illustrate the superior performance of the new vehicle in terms of lift and drag forces, offering an innovative design framework for water–air trans-media UAV applications.

Abstract Background Elderly care and elderly health are the enormous challenges in such an aging society as China. Community care services have been developing rapidly in recent years in China as an increasingly mainstream care resource to promote elderly health. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between using community care services and self-rated health among Chinese elderly. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2019 and 612 elderly people from China’s Shaanxi province were enrolled. The binary logistic regression was first employed to explore the association between community care services utilisation and elderly health. Given the potential selection bias issue, the propensity score matching method was hired to generate comparable samples between participants who used these services and participants who didn’t, and further examine the health benefits of using four types of services. Results The results of the binary logistic regression showed that the use of community care services predicted a better health status of elderly individuals. Overall, the results of the propensity score matching method showed the similar results. Specifically, with the nearest neighbors matching algorithm, using daily care services was significantly associated with a 0.246 increase in the self-rated health of the elderly (T = 1.83). For medical care services, the mean of self-rated health of elderly individuals who used these services was 3.542, significantly higher than those who didn’t (T = 2.15). For spiritual comfort services, elderly individuals using these services showed a significant increase by 0.280 in the self-rated health (T = 1.82). For social and recreational services, the result of the nearest neighbor matching method was not statistically significant, while the results of kernel matching method and the mahalanobis matching method showed a significant increase in the self-rated health among elderly individuals using these services (T = 2.03, T = 2.03, respectively). All the estimated results passed the Rosenbaum bounds analysis and were not sensitive to hidden bias. Conclusions Using community care services improved the self-rated health of the elderly. More effective measures may be implemented to increase access to care resources for senior citizens, and further improve their health status.

Abstract Photothermal therapy has attracted extensive attentions in cancer treatment due to its precise spatial-temporal controllability, minimal invasiveness, and negligible side effects. However, two major deficiencies, unsatisfactory heat conversion efficiency and limited tissue penetration depth, hugely impeded its clinical application. In this work, hollow carbon nanosphere modified with polyethylene glycol-graft-polyethylenimine (HPP) was elaborately synthesized. The synthesized HPP owns outstanding physical properties as a photothermal agent, such as uniform core-shell structure, good biocompatibility and excellent heat conversion efficiency. Upon NIR-II laser irradiation, the intracellular HPP shows excellent photothermal activity towards cancer cell killing. In addition, depending on the large internal cavity of HPP, the extended biomedical application as drug carrier was also demonstrated. In general, the synthesized HPP holds a great potential in NIR-II laser-activated cancer photothermal therapy.

Abstract Background While community care services have been developing rapidly as a new way to meet the growing demands of elderly individuals in China, their health benefits are virtually unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the Chinese elderly individuals’ utilisation of community care services and its association with the mental health with comparing rural-urban and gender differences. Methods For this 2019 cross-sectional study, 687 elderly people from 7 counties (districts) of China’s Shaanxi province were enrolled. Respondents’ mental health level was assessed using a self-reported mental health measure. Four categories of community care services utilisation were examined: daily care services, medical care services, social and recreational services and spiritual comfort services. The binary logistic regression model was used in examining the association between community care services utilisation and mental health. Results Our results showed that there was a noted difference in mental health level between the male and female groups. Utilisation of medical care services and social and recreational services was significantly higher in the rural group than that in the urban group. Regression analysis showed that utilisation of daily care services (β = 0.809, p = 0.008) and social and recreational service (β = 0.526, p = 0.035) was significantly and positively associated with elderly individuals’ mental health level. Specifically, daily care services utilisation predicted a better mental health of the rural elderly (β = 1.051, p = 0.036) and the male elderly (β = 1.133, p = 0.053), while social and recreational services utilisation predicted a better mental health of the urban elderly (β = 0.927, p = 0.008) and the female elderly (β = 0.864, p = 0.007). Conclusions Our findings indicated varied levels of community care services utilisation and mental health are common among the elderly people in China. Community care services utilisation has a positive, albeit selective, association with elderly individuals’ mental health. Further policies should strengthen the equitable development of high-quality community care services in urban and rural areas to improve the mental health of elderly individuals, and focus more on gender differences in terms of community care services needs.

BRCA1 mutation carriers have higher chances of developing triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, the authors use the Sleeping Beauty mutagenesis system in Brca1 deficient mice and identify 169 putative driver genes, of which NOTCH1 accelerates TNBC formation through promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell cycle progression.

Abstract Most breast cancers at an advanced stage exhibit an aggressive nature, and there is a lack of effective anticancer options. Herein, the development of patient‐derived organoids (PDOs) is described as a real‐time platform to explore the feasibility of tailored treatment for refractory breast cancers. PDOs are successfully generated from breast cancer tissues, including heavily treated specimens. The microtubule‐targeting drug‐sensitive response signatures of PDOs predict improved distant relapse‐free survival for invasive breast cancers treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. It is further demonstrated that PDO pharmaco‐phenotyping reflects the previous treatment responses of the corresponding patients. Finally, as clinical case studies, all patients who receive at least one drug predicate to be sensitive by PDOs achieve good responses. Altogether, the PDO model is developed as an effective platform for evaluating patient‐specific drug sensitivity in vitro, which can guide personal treatment decisions for breast cancer patients at terminal stage.

Advanced research on improving the performance of conductive polymer composites is essential to exploring their potential in various applications. Thus, in this study, the electrical conductivity of multilayer nanofibre membranes composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with different electroconductive fillers content including zinc oxide (ZnO), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), and Ferro ferric oxide (Fe3O4), were produced via electrospinning. The tensile property and electrical conductivity of monolayer membranes were explored. The results showed that PVA with 2 wt.% MWNTs nanofibre membrane has the best conductivity (1.0 × 10−5 S/cm) and tensile strength (29.36 MPa) compared with other fillers. Meanwhile, the combination of multilayer membrane ZnO/Fe3O4/Fe3O4/MWNTs/ZnO showed the highest conductivity (1.39 × 10−5 S/cm). The parallel circuit and calculation of parallel resistance were attempted to demonstrate the conductive mechanism of multilayer membranes, which can predict the conductivity of other multilayer films. The production of multilayer composites that enhance electrical conductivity and improve conductive predictions was successfully explored.

Common wheat, Triticum aestivum, is the most widely grown staple crop worldwide. To catch up with the increasing global population and cope with the changing climate, it is valuable to breed wheat cultivars that are tolerant to abiotic or shade stresses for density farming. Arabidopsis LONG HYPOCOTYL IN FAR-RED 1 (AtHFR1), a photomorphogenesis-promoting factor, is involved in multiple light-related signaling pathways and inhibits seedling etiolation and shade avoidance. We report that overexpression of AtHFR1 in wheat inhibits etiolation phenotypes under various light and shade conditions, leading to shortened plant height and increased spike number relative to non-transgenic plants in the field. Ectopic expression of AtHFR1 in wheat increases the transcript levels of TaCAB and TaCHS as observed previously in Arabidopsis, indicating that the AtHFR1 transgene can activate the light signal transduction pathway in wheat. AtHFR1 transgenic seedlings significantly exhibit tolerance to osmotic stress during seed germination compared to non-transgenic wheat. The AtHFR1 transgene represses transcription of TaFT1, TaCO1, and TaCO2, delaying development of the shoot apex and heading in wheat. Furthermore, the AtHFR1 transgene in wheat inhibits transcript levels of PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 3-LIKEs (TaPIL13, TaPIL15-1B, and TaPIL15-1D), downregulating the target gene STAYGREEN (TaSGR), and thus delaying dark-induced leaf senescence. In the field, grain yields of three AtHFR1 transgenic lines were 18.2–48.1% higher than those of non-transgenic wheat. In summary, genetic modification of light signaling pathways using a photomorphogenesis-promoting factor has positive effects on grain yield due to changes in plant architecture and resource allocation and enhances tolerances to osmotic stress and shade avoidance response.

We hypothesized that balancing the content of exogenous amino acids, especially lysine, to reduce protein content in swine diets could reduce nitrogen (N) pollution associated with animal husbandry. Two experiments (45 d each experiment) were performed on weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, 28 d of age) to test this and to determine the optimal lysine to crude protein (Lys:CP) ratio in diet. In Exp. 1, 12 piglets (6 replicates [n = 6]) were fed diets containing different levels of CP (17% and 20%) but the same level of Lys. Increased CP content resulted in significant increases (P

Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are members of a large and highly diverse family that play critical roles in protecting cells from abiotic stresses and maintaining plant growth and development. However, the identification and biological function of genes of Secale cereale LEA (ScLEA) have been rarely reported. In this study, we identified 112 ScLEA genes, which can be divided into eight groups and are evenly distributed on all rye chromosomes. Structure analysis revealed that members of the same group tend to be highly conserved. We identified 12 pairs of tandem duplication genes and 19 pairs of segmental duplication genes, which may be an expansion way of LEA gene family. Expression profiling analysis revealed obvious temporal and spatial specificity of ScLEA gene expression, with the highest expression levels observed in grains. According to the qRT-PCR analysis, selected ScLEA genes were regulated by various abiotic stresses, especially PEG treatment, decreased temperature, and blue light. Taken together, our results provide a reference for further functional analysis and potential utilization of the ScLEA genes in improving stress tolerance of crops.

The sulfur-iodine (SI) cycle holds great promise as an alternative large-scale process for converting water into hydrogen without CO2 emissions. A major issue regarding the long-term stability and activity of the catalysts is their poor sulfur deactivation resistance in the HI feeding process. In this work, the effect of Ru addition for enhancing the activity and sulfur resistance of SiO2-supported Ni catalysts in the HI decomposition reaction has been investigated. The presence of H2SO4 molecules in the HI results in severe sulfur deactivation of the Ru-free Ni/SiO2 catalysts by blocking the active sites. However, Ni–Ru/SiO2 catalysts show higher catalytic activity without sulfur-poisoning by 25% and exhibit more superior catalytic performance than the Ru-free catalyst. The addition of Ru to the Ni/SiO2 catalyst promotes the stability and activity of the catalysts. The experimental trends in activity and sulfur tolerance are consistent with the theoretical modeling, with the catalytic activities existing in the order Ni/SiO2 < Ni–Ru/SiO2. The effect of Ru on the improvement in sulfur resistance over Ni-based catalysts is attributed to electronic factors, as evidenced by theory modeling analysis and detailed characterizations.

The construction of a high stability heterogeneous catalyst for privileged common catalysis is a benefit in regard to reuse and separation. Herein, a palladium diphenylphosphine-based hollow-shell-structured mesoporous catalyst (HS@PdPPh2@MSN) was prepared by immobilizing bis((diphenylphosphino)ethyltriethoxysilane)palladium acetate onto the inner wall of a mesoporous organicsilicane hollow shell, whose surface was protected by a –Si(Me)3 group. Electron microscopies confirmed its hollow-shell-structure, and structural analyses and characterizations revealed its well-defined single-site active species within the silicate network. As presented in this study, the newly constructed HS@PdPPh2@MSN enabled an efficient Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction for varieties of substrates with up to 95% yield in mild conditions. Meanwhile, it could be reused at least five times with good activity, indicating its excellent stability and recyclability. Furthermore, the cost-effective and easily synthesized HS@PdPPh2@MSN made it a good candidate for employment in fine chemical engineering.

Home-based healthcare service has gradually become the most important model to cope with aging in China. However, the contradiction between oversupply and insufficient demand of healthcare services is becoming increasingly serious. How to effectively improve the realized utilization of healthcare resources has become a key issue in the development of healthcare services. Based on the social background of “getting old before getting rich”, this article explores the relationship between economic accessibility and realized utilization, and finds that the impact of economic accessibility on realized utilization is inverted U-shaped, not a linear positive effect. In addition, considering the moderating role of family support, it is found that family support can strengthen the inverted U-shaped effect of economic accessibility on realized utilization. Therefore, exerting the role of family and improving economic accessibility can effectively solve the dilemma of low utilization of healthcare services.

With the increase of the aging population and the lack of family care, home-based healthcare services have gradually become the main model to cope with aging, so local governments have invested heavily in the construction of home-based healthcare services. However, healthcare services still have problems such as low resource utilization and imbalanced development. The reason is that the supply and demand of healthcare services are not matched and the potential accessibility is low. Therefore, based on the supply and demand of healthcare services, this article pulls out the spatial and social factors that affect the potential accessibility, and tests the influence of individual factors on the potential accessibility among different groups of older adults. It is found that the perceived vulnerability of the older adults will reduce the potential accessibility of healthcare services. The psychosocial status, income and education level with the willingness to use healthcare services of the older adults are directly proportional, while residence has a negative impact on the potential accessibility. Finally, based on this finding, this article puts forward feasible suggestions from the perspective of policy content, publicity, and implementation.

Objective: China’s targeted poverty alleviation policy has a profound impact on the country’s rural economic and social development now. This study aimed to learn about the health status and health equity of rural poor residents under the implementation of the policy. It further explores the factors affecting the health status and health equity of rural poor residents in order to contribute to the improvement of the policy. Methods: The data of 1233 rural poor residents were collected from a questionnaire survey from 12 prefecture-level cities and areas of Shaanxi province in 2017, and the self-reported health was used to reflect the health status. A concentration index was applied to measure the inequity of the health status of rural poor residents. The decomposition method was employed to explore the source of health inequity. Results: The results showed that 44.56% of rural poor residents in Shaanxi province had a poor or very poor health status, which was affected by their economic level, gender, age, degree of education, and marital status. Additionally, participation in agricultural industry development, relocation, health poverty alleviation, and basic living standards were significantly correlated with health status. The concentration index of the health status of rural poor residents was 0.0327. The primary contributors to the health inequity in different regions varied, but the economic level and the degree of education were the most significant factors, and the targeted poverty alleviation policy had a significant impact on health equity. Conclusions: The results indicated that the health status of rural poor residents in Shaanxi province was generally poor, there was a pro-rich inequity in the health status, and the degree of education and economic level were the primary factors affecting the health status and health equity. The targeted poverty alleviation policy greatly impacted the health status and health equity of rural poor residents, and the difference in health status would lead to the inequity of benefits of the targeted poverty alleviation policy. In the future, the policy should focus on ensuring the sustainable development ability of rural residents with poor health status.

The micro-turbojet engine (MTE) is especially suitable for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Because the rotor speed is proportional to the thrust force, the accurate speed tracking control is indispensable for MTE. Thanks to its simplicity, the proportional−integral−derivative (PID) controller is commonly used for rotor speed regulation. However, the PID controller cannot guarantee superior performance over the entire operation range due to the time-variance and strong nonlinearity of MTE. The gain scheduling approach using a family of linear controllers is recognized as an efficient alternative, but such a solution heavily relies on the model sets and pre-knowledge. To tackle such challenges, a single neural adaptive PID (SNA-PID) controller is proposed herein for rotor speed control. The new controller featuring with a single-neuron network is able to adaptively tune the gains (weights) online. The simple structure of the controller reduces the computational load and facilitates the algorithm implementation on low-cost hardware. Finally, the proposed controller is validated by numerical simulations and experiments on the MTE in laboratory conditions, and the results show that the proposed controller achieves remarkable effectiveness for speed tracking control. In comparison with the PID controller, the proposed controller yields 54% and 66% reductions on static tracking error under two typical cases.

Free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) and nitrogen (N) have marked effects on rice root growth, and numerical simulation can explain these effects. To further define the effects of FACE on root growth of rice, an experiment was performed, using the hybrid indica cultivar Xianyou 63. The effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration [CO2], 200 μmol mol− 1 higher than ambient, on the growth of rice adventitious roots were evaluated, with two levels of N: low (LN, 125 kg ha− 1) and normal (NN, 250 kg ha− 1). The results showed a significant increase in both adventitious root number (ARN) and adventitious root length (ARL) under FACE treatment. The application of nitrogen also increased ARN and ARL, but these increases were smaller than that under FACE treatment. On the basis of the FACE experiment, numerical models for rice adventitious root number and length were constructed with time as the driving factor. The models illustrated the dynamic development of rice adventitious root number and length after transplanting, regulated either by atmospheric [CO2] or by N application. The simulation result was supported by statistical tests comparing experimental data from different years, and the model yields realistic predictions of root growth. These results suggest that the models have strong predictive potential under conditions of atmospheric [CO2] rises in the future.

Our goal was to assess the validity of the enrichments of plasma free palmitate and intramuscular (IM) fatty acid metabolites as precursors for calculating the IM triglyceride fractional synthetic rate. We infused U-13C16-palmitate in anesthetized rabbits for 3 h and sampled adductor muscle of legs using both freeze-cut and cut-freeze approaches. We found that IM free palmitate enrichment (0.70 ± 0.07%) was lower (P < 0.0001) than IM palmitoyl-CoA enrichment (2.13 ± 0.17%) in samples taken by the freeze-cut approach. The latter was close (P = 0.33) to IM palmitoyl-carnitine enrichment (2.42 ± 0.16%). The same results were obtained from the muscle samples taken by the cut-freeze approach, except the enrichment of palmitoyl-CoA (2.21 ± 0.08%) was lower (P = 0.02) than that of palmitoyl-carnitine (2.77 ± 0.17%). Plasma free palmitate enrichment was ∼2-fold that of IM palmitoyl-CoA enrichment and palmitoyl-carnitine enrichment (P < 0.001). These findings indicate that plasma free palmitate overestimated IM precursor enrichment owing to in vivo IM lipid breakdown, whereas IM free palmitate enrichment underestimated the precursor enrichment because of lipid breakdown during muscle sampling and processing. IM palmitoyl-carnitine enrichment was an acceptable surrogate of the precursor enrichment because it was less affected by in vitro lipid breakdown after sampling.

Abnormal expression of the liver peptide hormone hepcidin, a key regulator of iron homeostasis, contributes to the pathogenesis of anemia in conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Since little is known about the mechanisms that control hepcidin expression during states of intestinal inflammation, we sought to shed light on this issue using mouse models.Hepcidin expression was evaluated in two types of intestinal inflammation caused by innate immune activation-dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in wild-type mice and the spontaneous colitis occurring in T-bet/Rag2-deficient (TRUC) mice. The role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α was investigated by in vivo neutralization, and by treatment of a hepatocyte cell line, as well as mice, with the recombinant cytokine. Expression and activation of Smad1, a positive regulator of hepcidin transcription, were assessed during colitis and following administration or neutralization of TNFα. Hepcidin expression progressively decreased with time during DSS colitis, correlating with changes in systemic iron distribution. TNFα inhibited hepcidin expression in cultured hepatocytes and non-colitic mice, while TNFα neutralization during DSS colitis increased it. Similar results were obtained in TRUC mice. These effects involved a TNFα-dependent decrease in Smad1 protein but not mRNA.TNFα inhibits hepcidin expression in two distinct types of innate colitis, with down-regulation of Smad1 protein playing an important role in this process. This inhibitory effect of TNFα may be superseded by other factors in the context of T cell-mediated colitis given that in the latter form of intestinal inflammation hepcidin is usually up-regulated.

The new type rural social endowment insurance system is one of the important policy arrangements in public welfare field in China. Quantitative research is theoretically and practically important for studying the new type rural social endowment insurance system. In this paper, based on the modern control theory, the linear control model for the new type rural social endowment insurance system is set up, and then the robust stability for the new type rural social endowment insurance system of China with minor fluctuations is discussed by using the linear control model.