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Screw pump stator material was prepared with hydrogenated nitrile rubber as raw material, and the chemical aging damage of the screw pump stator material in different crude oil environment temperatures was studied by simulating real oil production environment and using a microscope and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In addition, the chemical damage mechanism of the screw pump stator material in crude oil environment was explored. The results showed that the temperature of the crude oil and aging time had an important influence on the chemical aging damage of the screw pump stator material, and when the aging time was same, the mass change rate of the screw pump stator material increased with the increase in crude oil temperature, while at the same aging temperature, the mass change rate of the screw pump stator material increased with the prolongation of aging time and the increase rate of of mass change rate tended to slow down. The chemical damage mechanism of the screw pump stator material in the crude oil environment of 25 ℃ was mainly the fracture of molecular chains and the oxidation cross-linking reaction of carbon chains; in the crude oil environment of 60 ℃, the chemical damage mechanism included primarily the fracture of molecular chains, the oxidation cross-linking of carbon chains and the oxidation cross-linking reaction of nitrile groups; while in the crude oil environment of 100 ℃, the chemical damage mechanism consisted mainly of the fracture of molecular chains, the oxidation cross-linking reaction of carbon chains, the oxidation cross-linking reaction of nitrile groups and the cross-linking reaction between nitrile groups resulted from high temperature.