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Este artigo tem como base uma pesquisa etnográfica e busca apreender o modo de apropriação dos espaços da casa ao longo dos processos sociais vividos por uma Comunidade Tradicional veredeira, em consonância com os impactos sociais recorrentes a implantação da Barragem de Irapé e às restrições do uso dos recursos naturais do território tradicional. A comunidade pesquisada, Gigante, localiza-se no município de Botumirim - MG, e embora não tenha sido inundada pelas águas represadas da barragem de Irapé, sofreu impacto social relevante a partir do reassentamento de duas das principais comunidades com as quais estabelecia relações de casamento. A moradia representa para essas comunidades um elemento peculiar que as diferencia das outras, ao mesmo tempo em que são desenvolvidas várias estratégias para conciliarem elementos tradicionais às exigências do modo de produção urbano, que atualmente constitui-se como o discurso hegemônico. Os vários saberes adquiridos ao longo de várias gerações contribuíram para que a moradia retratasse nas técnicas utilizadas em sua construção, elementos de tempos distintos representadas pelas adequações sofridas em função de novas concepções de apropriação do espaço. Essas transformações resultam em dinâmicas históricas que alteram a percepção do espaço em sua forma prática e simbólica. Essa mudança de percepção das pessoas em relação aos espaços da moradia é que estrutura esse trabalho, bem como condiciona as análises dos processos sociais vividos.

Sugarcane bagasse has a great potential to be used as biofuel; however, its use as feedstock in fluidized bed reactors is hampered due to its fibrous nature, low apparent density, high moisture content, and difficulties with its fluidization. The present study evaluated the torrefaction of sugarcane bagasse to propose suitable process conditions that balance the properties of the fuel obtained in the torrefaction and the process’s energy requirements. Based on the thermogravimetric analysis and previous reports, two final process temperatures (230 °C and 280 °C) and residence times (35 and 45 min) for the same heating rate (5 °C/min) and nitrogen flow (1 L/min) were evaluated. Within the experimental conditions evaluated, it can be concluded that for 30 min of residence time, the average target temperature of 230 °C should be high enough to produce a stable torrefacted bagasse with a 3.41% reduction in the volatile content and obtain 98.85% of energy yield. Higher temperatures increase the feedstock’s carbon content and energy density, but the reduction in energy yield and the fraction of volatiles do not justify higher temperatures or longer residence times for pretreating the sugarcane bagasse.

This paper describes an ethnographic research which aimed at analyzing the influence of traditional water resource use and management as well as its role in the process of building community identities and territorialities. Furthermore, the paper analyses the environmental conflicts associated with the dispute between the community’s traditional way of life and governmental policies towards environmental conservation. The research was carried out in the Gigante and Pé da Serra community, within the municipality of Botumirim, in the region recognized as Vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais State. The community’s livelihood and means of existence are related to familiar agriculture, having values and rules linked to a specific traditional culture, in which water has significant importance. This area and its water resources have been disputed by different types users and institutions with very different interests and economic power, setting traditional communities, their means of existence, their culture and their common use of natural resources at risk.

The genus Fluviphylax Whitley, 1965 is comprized of five valid species (F. pygmaeus Myers et Carvalho, 1955, F. zonatus, F. simplex, F. obscurus Costa, 1996, and F. palikur Costa et Le Bail, 1999), which are endemic to the Amazon region. These fishes are the smallest known South American vertebrates and among the smallest know vertebrates on Earth. All species but the type F. pygmaeus have been described in late 1990’s, and much remains unknown about the biology, taxonomy and systematics of this group of fishes. The aims of the present study were to establish the diploid and haploid number of F. zonatus and F. simplex, and to find species-specific markers for the discrimination of taxa. The diploid number for both species was 48 chromosomes, with no sex chromosome heteromorphism. Fluviphylax zonatus exhibited the karyotypic formula 4m+8sm+22st+14a and FN=82, and F. simplex exhibited 4m+16sm+18st+10a and FN=86. The determination of the total mean length of the chromosomes and their grouping into five size classes demonstrated different chromosome composition of the two species. This difference was further supported by the distribution of constitutive heterochromatin. The meiotic analysis revealed 24 bivalents in both species, but F. zonatus exhibited chromosomes with late pairing of the telomeric portions in the pachytene. These data reveal that cytogenetic characterization is useful and important for the discrimination of these species. Our study further indicates that this method could be employed in the analysis of other species of small fishes that are difficult to distinguish using traditional morphological traits or are morphologically cryptic.

OBJETIVO: Conhecer os efeitos, para a audição, da exposição combinada ao monóxido de carbono e ao ruído em um grupo de operadores de empilhadeira. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se audiometria convencional em grupo controle exposto apenas ao ruído (Grupo 1) e um grupo de funcionários expostos ao monóxido de carbono e ao ruído (Grupo 2). RESULTADOS: Observou-se um caso sugestivo de perda auditiva induzida por ruído para o grupo exposto somente ao ruído (Group 1), e cinco casos para o grupo exposto ao monóxido de carbono e ruído (Group 2). A ocorrência de mudança significativa de limiar também foi maior no Grupo 2. Observaram-se diferenças nos limiares auditivos da orelha esquerda nas frequências de 1 kHz e 8 kHz no Grupo 2, comparativamente ao Grupo 1. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados demonstraram efeitos auditivos significativos causados pela exposição combinada ao monóxido de carbono e ao ruído em operadores de empilhadeira, em comparação ao grupo exposto somente ao ruído. Conclui-se que é imprescindível a realização dos monitoramentos ambiental, biológico e auditivo nos operadores de empilhadeira, independentemente do nível de ruído ao qual se encontram expostos.PURPOSE: To get to know the effects of the combined exposure to carbon monoxide and noise on hearing, in a group of forklift operators. METHODS: A pure tone audiometry was carried out in a control group exposed only to noise (Group 1), and a group of employees exposed to both carbon monoxide and noise (Group 2). RESULTS: A single case of noise-induced hearing loss was observed in the group exposed to noise (Group 1), and five cases were observed in the group exposed to both carbon monoxide and noise (Group 2). The occurrence of significant threshold change was also higher in Group 2. There was a difference between the auditory thresholds in 1 and 8 kHz of the left ear in Group 2, when compared to Group 1. CONCLUSION: Results showed significant auditory effects caused by the combined exposure of forklift operators to carbon monoxide and noise, when compared to the group exposed only to noise. Thus, environmental, biological, and auditory monitoring of forklift operators is indispensable, regardless the level of noise to which they are exposed.

Aspect-orientation is a relatively new paradigm that introduces abstractions to modularize the implementation of system-wide policies. It is based on a composition operation, called aspect weaving, that implicitly modifies a base system by performing related changes within the system modules. Aspect-oriented graph grammars (AOGG) extend the classic graph grammar formalism by defining aspects as sets of rule-based modifications over a base graph grammar. Despite the advantages of aspect-oriented concepts regarding modularity, the implicit nature of the aspect weaving operation may also introduce issues when reasoning about the system behavior. Since in AOGGs aspect weaving is characterized by means of rule-based rewriting, we can overcome these problems by using known analysis techniques from the graph transformation literature to study aspect composition. In this paper, we present a case study of a distributed client-server system with global policies, modeled as an aspect-oriented graph grammar, and discuss how to use the AGG tool to identify potential conflicts in aspect weaving.

Em meados do século XVIII, assistiu-se à emergência do trabalho social, uma série de profissões que tinha nas classes menos favorecidas seu público alvo. Atravessado por saberes psiquiátricos e psicopedagógicos, esse campo de práticas produziu normatividades em relação à infância “perigosa”, “desviante”. No Brasil, no início do século XX, testemunhou-se o advento de políticas públicas direcionadas a crianças e adolescentes concebidos como “menores abandonados” e “delinquentes”. A promulgação do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, em 1990, inaugurou a Doutrina da Proteção Integral, e crianças e adolescentes passam a ser concebidos como “em situação de risco e vulnerabilidade social”. O presente artigo tem por finalidade problematizar os conceitos de “infância perigosa” e criança e adolescente “em situação de vulnerabilidade social” buscando desnaturalizar práticas relativas ao educador social, um dos profissionais executores das políticas públicas da assistência social.

Density, viscosity and calorific values are important physical properties to affect the utilization of biofuel. In this work, mixtures of farnesane and a “jet fuel”, QAv-1, were used to study the variation of density and kinematic viscosity as a function of the volumetric fraction of farnesane and temperature. Experimental measurements were carried out for nineteen farnesane blends and pure farnesane and QAv-1, at four temperatures in the range of 293 - 323 K. Variation of high heating (HHV) and low heating (LHV) values were also determined for different blends of farnesane/QAv-1. Several empirical correlations were used to predict the density, the kinematic viscosity, HHV and LHV values. By using some of these empirical correlations, the estimated values of those three properties studied are in excellent agreement with the experimental data, with low absolute average prediction error.