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ABSTRACT Objectives: to assess patient safety culture during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify the dimensions that need to be improved in hospital settings and which sector, open or closed, direct or indirect care, exhibits a higher level of safety culture. Methods: a descriptive and cross-sectional study. The validated version for Brazil of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture instrument was applied to assess patient safety culture. Those dimensions with 75% positive responses were considered strengthened. Results: all dimensions presented results lower than 75% of positive responses. Closed sectors showed a stronger safety culture compared to open ones. Indirect care sectors had a low general perception of patient safety when compared to direct care sectors. Conclusions: with the pandemic, points of weakness became even more evident, requiring attention and incisive interventions from the institution’s leaders.

The ocelot is an important Neotropical mesopredator and information on its spatial ecology remains scarce. Here we estimated the ocelot home range in a remnant of Lowland Atlantic Forest in Southeastern Brazil. The data were collected by camera traps installed at eight known ocelot latrines. We estimated the home range both based on the Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP) and the 95% adaptive Kernel density estimator (95%K) to compare with other published studies. We identified 22 ocelots (adult males = 8; adult females = 12; cubs = 2). Six males were recorded at more than one latrine, while all females were recorded at only one sampling point. In addition to male ocelots being recorded at a large number of points, they showed greater intrasexual spatial overlap as they used the same latrines, suggesting larger home ranges than females. The mean home range size for males was 12.1 ± SE 4.4 km2 (range = 6.2 to 20.8 km2) using MCP, and 19.9 ± SE 9.5 km2 (range = 10.1 to 38.9 km2) applying 95%K. Despite our estimates representing an approximation of the total area used by males, both values are consistent with those reported from other locations. Our data complemented the gradient of vegetation type sampled for ocelots in Atlantic Forest and support the suggestion that this environmental variable and, consequently, its effect on prey availability, influence the home range size of ocelot. Information on population ecology and other spatial ecology data are also presented.

A partir de uma matriz de análise desenvolvida em estudos anteriores que identificou quatro tipomorfologias das favelas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro – enclave, linha, quadra e malha – este artigo busca aprofundar o seu estudo em cinco momentos, ao longo de 100 anos, de 1922 a 2022, em quatro comunidades da Área de Planejamento 3 (AP3), a Zona Norte, na Cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A abordagem apoia-se em estudos sobre a morfologia urbana da cidade contemporânea onde o entendimento da tipomorfologia se estabelece como matriz síntese das relações entre os processos de urbanização e a conformação do tecido urbano. A metodologia empregada nas análises, que sobrepõe enfoque formal e temporal, se apoia na interpretação das alterações do tecido urbano a partir de mapas oriundos da cartografia oficial da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro e de imagens de satélite disponíveis pela Google. Nas considerações finais argumentamos acerca da relação híbrida que se estabelece entre a urbanização formal e a forma de crescimento da informalidade e verificamos a validade das categorias tipomorfológicas como aproximação sintética e diagramática do fenômeno da favela carioca.

Frey syndrome is rare in children and often erroneously attributed to food allergy. It is caused by damage to the auriculotemporal nerve, hence the alternative name of the auriculotemporal syndrome. This study describes a case of Frey syndrome in a 2-year-old girl with flushing without sweating on the left cheek after eating tomato and citrus fruit with a medical history of traumatic forceps-assisted delivery. Recognition of this condition is vital to avoid unnecessary medical costs and procedures and provide reassurance to parents and primary care providers in this benign condition with a self-limited course.

Feocromocitoma é uma neoplasia rara de células cromafins, localizado nas adrenais que apresenta importância por ter a capacidade de incitar crises hipertensivas potencialmente fatais. Os sinais clínicos estão relacionados com a liberação de catecolaminas. A ressecção cirúrgica é o tratamento definitivo, mas o tratamento clínico também mostra-se profícuo. Objetivou-se descrever um caso de feocromocitoma em uma cadela de nove anos, a qual apresentava hematomas cutâneos e perioculares, comportamento apático, anorexia há quatro dias e polidipsia. A paciente foi recebida no Hospital Veterinário da UNIJUÍ, e após consulta clínica e internação, a tutora optou pela eutanásia e necrópsia motivada pela baixa adesão da cadela ao tratamento. O animal foi encaminhado para o laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da mesma instituição que evidenciou a adrenal direita com proliferação de células vacuolizadas focalmente extensa, relativo a feocromocitoma. Diante disso, o médico veterinário deve conhecer e considerar este tipo de neoplasia.

Objetivo: analisar evidências científicas sobre entrevista motivacional e sua influência no autogerenciamento do cuidado do adolescente com diabetes mellitus tipo 1. Método: revisão integrativa cuja busca aconteceu em junho de 2020 nas bases de dados LILACS, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus e Web of Science para atender a pergunta: Quais evidências científicas sobre entrevista motivacional e sua influência no autogerenciamento do cuidado ao adolescente com diabetes mellitus tipo 1? Todos os artigos identificados estavam no idioma inglês e publicados entre 2003 e 2020. Resultados: entre os dez estudos incluídos, nove foram realizados nos Estados Unidos e um no Reino Unido. As pesquisas tiveram métodos diversificados na aplicação da entrevista motivacional em circunstâncias diferentes e os resultados mostraram impactos positivos no autogerenciamento dos cuidados de adolescentes com DM1, principalmente em relação ao controle glicêmico e/ou nos níveis de hemoglobina glicada. Conclusão: a entrevista motivacional favorece o autogerenciamento do cuidado e autonomia do adolescente com diabetes. ABSTRACT Objective: this study examined scientific evidence on motivational interviewing and its influence on self-management among adolescents with type-1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). Methods: the survey for this integrative review took place in June 2020 in the LILACS, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to answer the question: What scientific evidence is available on motivational interviewing and its influence on self-management among adolescents with DM1? All the articles found were in English and published between 2003 and 2020. Results: of the ten studies included, nine were conducted in the United States and one in the United Kingdom. The studies used different methods for applying motivational interviewing in differing circumstances, and their findings revealed positive impacts on self-management among adolescents with type-1 diabetes, especially on blood glucose monitoring and/or on glycated hemoglobin levels. Conclusion: motivational interviewing is an intervention that favors self-management and autonomy among adolescents with diabetes. RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar evidencias científicas sobre entrevista motivacional y su influencia en la autogestión del cuidado de adolescentes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1). Métodos: revisión integradora llevada a cabo en junio de 2020 en las bases de datos LILACS, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus y WoS para responder a la pregunta: ¿Cuáles son las evidencias científicas sobre entrevista motivacional y su influencia en la autogestión del cuidado de adolescentes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1? Los artículos encontrados estaban en inglés y fueron publicados entre 2003 y 2020. Resultados: de los diez estudios incluidos, nueve se realizaron en Estados Unidos y uno en Reino Unido. Las investigaciones utilizaron diferentes métodos de aplicación de la entrevista motivacional en diferentes circunstancias y los resultados señalaron impactos positivos en la autogestión de los cuidados de adolescentes con DM1, especialmente cuanto al control glucémico y/o niveles de hemoglobina glucosilada. Conclusión: la entrevista motivacional favorece la autogestión del cuidado y la autonomía de adolescentes con diabetes.

Studies regarding vegetal extracts and essential oils from native plants have demonstrated efficiency in controlling phytopathogens of fungitoxic action, hampering the development of phytopathogenic fungi. This study aims to determine the fungicide effect of vegetal extracts during the mycelial growth of the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. The experiment was conducted in the phytosanitary laboratory of the UEMS in the unit of Cassilândia-MS, Brazil. A completely randomized design was used with a factorial scheme 4 x 5, comprising leaves, bark, and branches of cinnamon and mint leaves in the concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10, and 20%, with six repetitions per treatment. The evaluations were made 24, 48, and 96 hours after the transplant, obtaining the diametrically opposite means with a caliper to determine the measures. The results indicate a higher inhibitory efficiency against fungi development using extracts of mint leaves and cinnamon leaves and branches.

Introduction Automated systems for ventilator management to date have been either fully heuristic rule-based systems or based on a combination of simple physiological models and rules. These have been shown to reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation in simple to wean patients. At present, there are no published studies that evaluate the effect of systems that use detailed physiological descriptions of the individual patient.The BEACON Caresystem is a model-based decision support system that uses mathematical models of patients’ physiology in combination with models of clinical preferences to provide advice on appropriate ventilator settings. An individual physiological description may be particularly advantageous in selecting the appropriate therapy for a complex, heterogeneous, intensive care unit (ICU) patient population.Methods and analysis Intenive Care weaning (iCareWean) is a single-blinded, multicentre, prospective randomised control trial evaluating management of mechanical ventilation as directed by the BEACON Caresystem compared with that of current care, in the general intensive care setting. The trial will enrol 274 participants across multiple London National Health Service ICUs. The trial will use a primary outcome of duration of mechanical ventilation until successful extubation.Ethics and dissemination Safety oversight will be under the direction of an independent committee of the study sponsor. Study approval was obtained from the regional ethics committee of the Health Research Authority (HRA), (Research Ethic Committee (REC) reference: 17/LO/0887. Integrated Research Application System (IRAS) reference: 226610. Results will be disseminated through international critical care conference/symposium and publication in peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov under NCT03249623. This research is registered with the National Institute for Health Research under CPMS ID: 34831.

Introduction: According to the OECD, Portugal and Poland rank below average in several well-being measures such as income and wealth, and health status. Investigating how people perceive the threats to health in these two countries, is an important issue to address priority needs. To meet this need, the objective of this paper was to compare the perceptions of the threats to the health and well-being among the Polish and Portuguese older persons and explore differences between the countries in respect of patterns of self-rated health. Material and Methods: A Cross-sectional study with two convenience samples from primary health care services of Poland and Portugal was conducted; 480 adults aged 65 and over (247 Portuguese) were included. The EASYCare standard assessment of 2010 was applied under a joint project of both countries. The association between ‘self-rated unhealthy’ and socio-demographic and threats to health variables was examined using logistic regression. Results: In both countries about two thirds of the older persons self-rated their health as unhealthy. Having more than enough finances was associated with a significant lower odds of being unhealthy compared with those without enough finances at the end of the month (Portugal: OR = 0.25, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.63; Poland: OR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.88). Visual problems, bodily pain, memory loss, feeling bored or lonely and reporting shortness of breath during normal activities was consistently associated with fair or poor self-rated health. Discussion: These findings provide important information regarding the health profile of older people which can help in the development of people-centred health systems where their lives and well-being can be improved. Conclusion: The unhealthy perception of older people was consistently associated with indicators of major health threats.

Introduction: The EASYCare is a multidimensional assessment tool for older people, which corresponds to the concerns and priorities of older people in relation to their needs, health, and quality of life. The EASYCare instrument has been used in many countries worldwide. Lack of reliability evidence has recently been raised by researchers. This study aimed to test the validity and reliability of the EASYCare-2010 instrument in community-dwelling Portuguese older people attended in Primary Health Care centres. Methods: The sample for this transversal study (N = 244) was collected from Portuguese Primary Health Care Centers. Categorical Principal Component Analysis was used to assess the underlying dimensions of EASYCare-2010. Construct validity was evaluated through correlation with the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument-Short Form. Results: A two-factor model (labelled âmobility and activities of daily lifeâ, and âgeneral well-being and safetyâ) was found. The EASYCare-2010 instrument showed acceptable levels for internal consistency (â¥0.70). The EASYCare-2010 factors were correlated with measures of quality of life. Results showed that in most polytomous items, some of the more extreme categories were not considered at all or only by a residual number of participants. Conclusion: EASY Care -2010 version is a valid and reliable instrument for holistic assessment of the older people attended in Primary Health Care centres in Portugal. Resumen: Introducción: El EASYCare es una herramienta de evaluación multidimensional para las personas mayores, que corresponde a las preocupaciones y prioridades de las personas mayores en relación con sus necesidades, salud y calidad de vida. El instrumento EASYCare se ha utilizado en muchos países del mundo. La falta de pruebas de fiabilidad ha sido planteada recientemente por los investigadores. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo probar la validez y fiabilidad del instrumento EASYCare-2010 en personas mayores portuguesas residentes en la comunidad, atendidos en centros de Atención Primaria de la Salud. Métodos: La muestra para este estudio transversal (N = 244) se recogió en Centros de Atención Primaria de Portugal. Se utilizó el Análisis de Componentes Principales Categórico para evaluar las dimensiones subyacentes de EASYCare-2010. La validez del constructo se evaluó mediante la correlación con el instrumento de evaluación de la calidad de vida de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, instrumento en su forma corta. Resultados: Se encontró un modelo de dos factores (denominado «movilidad y actividades de la vida diaria» y «bienestar general y seguridad»). El instrumento EASYCare-2010 mostró niveles aceptables de consistencia interna (⥠0.70). Los factores EASYCare-2010 se correlacionaron con medidas de calidad de vida. Los resultados mostraron que en la mayoría de ítems politómicos en algunas categorías extremas no se consideraron o solo por un número residual de participantes. Conclusión: La versión EASY Care-2010 es un instrumento válido y fiable para la evaluación holística de las personas mayores atendidas en centros de Atención Primaria de Salud en Portugal. Keywords: Geriatric assessment, Primary health care, Reliability and validity, Palabras clave: Evaluación geriátrica, Atención primaria de salud, Confiabilidad y validez

Introdução: A doença metabólica óssea da prematuridade consiste numa diminuição da matriz óssea, relativamente ao nível esperado para a idade gestacional. O rastreio baseia-se no doseamento sérico da fosfatase alcalina e fósforo. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a prevalência da doença metabólica óssea da prematuridade, analisar os aspetos associados a maior risco para esta doença e descrever o crescimento estaturo-ponderal dos recém-nascidos com peso ao nascer inferior a 1500 g, com doença metabólica óssea da prematuridade. Material e Métodos: Estudo multicêntrico, retrospetivo, observacional e descritivo em três unidades de apoio perinatal diferenciado, entre 1 de maio de 2016 e 30 de abril de 2017; foi obtida uma amostra de conveniência de recém-nascidos com muito baixo peso ao nascer. Descrevem-se as variáveis demográficas, clínicas e laboratoriais dos recém-nascidos com e sem doença metabólica óssea da prematuridade. Resultados: Neste estudo foram incluídos 53 recém-nascidos: 30 do sexo masculino, 16 com idade gestacional ≤ 28 semanas. Foram diagnosticados cinco casos de doença metabólica óssea da prematuridade. Neste grupo, a maioria dos doentes era do sexo masculino e apresentavam idade gestacional e peso ao nascer inferior aos do grupo sem doença metabólica óssea da prematuridade. A duração média de nutrição parentérica foi superior nos recém-nascidos com doença metabólica óssea da prematuridade e a relação cálcio/fósforo utilizada foi inferior às recomendações nacionais. A evolução estaturo-ponderal foi semelhante nos recém-nascidos com e sem doença. Nenhum doente com doença metabólica óssea da prematuridade teve intervenção por medicina física e reabilitação. Discussão: A prevalência de doença metabólica óssea da prematuridade foi de 9,43%, valor inferior ao descrito na literatura. Contudo, apenas 50% dos recém-nascidos cumpriram o rastreio de acordo com as recomendações. Os principais fatores de risco identificados estão de acordo com a literatura. Conclusão: A doença metabólica óssea da prematuridade é uma comorbilidade frequente nos recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso, mas encontra-se subdiagnosticada. É fundamental rastrear os recém-nascidos em risco para esta patologia, utilizando marcadores bioquímicos, assim como estruturar intervenções nutricionais e estimulação física para evitar as consequências da doença a curto e longo prazo.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a aplicabilidade da dinâmica Corpo Saber na sensibilização da criança para o cuidado de si por meio de suas experiências. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e analítico desenvolvido em maio e junho de 2013, com seis crianças diabéticas em idade escolar, atendidas no ambulatório de um hospital de referência em Fortaleza/CE. Resultados: A dinâmica promoveu um ambiente de descontração favorável à expressão de sentimentos e demonstração dos cuidados básicos ao conviver com o diabetes. A sensibilização foi permeada de reflexões sobre o início da doença e o momento atual vivido. Assim, compartilharam com os pares as necessidades de cuidados e aprendizagens no controle metabólico. Conclusão: A aplicação da dinâmica Corpo Saber favoreceu o desenvolvimento de atividades educativas com a participação das crianças em momentos de aprendizagem sobre o cuidado de si.

This article analyses women’s participation in the ‘Network of Agroecological and Peripheral Female Urban Farmers’, an agroecological urban agriculture grassroots network in São Paulo, Brazil. The methodology used was participant observation. The following procedures were used to produce the data: participation in three workshops, direct observation, field notes, and an in-depth interview with two of the organizers and three participants. The results show that the Network engendered the formation of a popular feminist collective identity, as it fostered the awareness of oppressive social structures, such as gender inequality and violence against women, of which many participants were survivors. From a technical standpoint, the Network seeks to expand its scope of action, increase the number of participants, establish new partnerships and access multiple sources of funding to obtain greater autonomy from São Paulo City Council.

Abstract In response to innumerable global challenges in a world ever more complex and interconnected, including a number of public health challenges, the United Nations launched the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; a guideline intended to deal with these issues. Foreseeing their huge complexity, the UNLEASH initiative was created with a vision to gather, on a yearly basis until 2030, 1.000 young talents from all over the world to co-create disruptive solutions for the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The School of Public Health of the University of São Paulo was selected as the only educational institution partner in South America and was invited to select and send students to the launching event in Denmark in August 2017. The aim of this study is to address and reflect on the seven SDGs (health, food, water, energy, urban sustainability, sustainable consumption and production and education) that were explored in this first event and relate the students’ experiences of this global innovation lab.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well-described by-products of cellular metabolic activities, acting as signaling molecules and regulating the redox state of proteins. Solvent exposed thiol residues like cysteines are particularly sensitive to oxidation and their redox state affects structural and biochemical capacities of many proteins. While thiol redox regulation has been largely studied in several cell compartments like in the plant chloroplast, little is known about redox sensitive proteins in the nucleus. Recent works have revealed that proteins with oxidizable thiols are important for the regulation of many nuclear functions, including gene expression, transcription, epigenetics, and chromatin remodeling. Moreover, thiol reducing molecules like glutathione and specific isoforms of thiols reductases, thioredoxins and glutaredoxins were found in different nuclear subcompartments, further supporting that thiol-dependent systems are active in the nucleus. This mini-review aims to discuss recent progress in plant thiol redox field, taking examples of redox regulated nuclear proteins and focusing on major thiol redox systems acting in the nucleus.

. El objetivo fue caracterizar el perfil de adolescentes según características sociodemográficas y describir las situaciones de riesgo y vulnerabilidad mencionados por ellos. Estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, con 500 adolescentes entre 13-19 años, de Iguatu-CE, Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de encuesta en agosto de 2008 y analizados por programa estadístico. Los resultados señalaron que los adolescentes eran de zonas urbanas (59,25); sexo femenino (60,0%); residían con los padres (84,6%) y que tiene un ingreso menor o igual al salario mínimo (64,2%). El uso de drogas lícitas e ilícitas fue señalado como factor que expone la salud de adolescentes a riesgos (59,2%) y consideraron importante la prevención (18,2%), incluyendo alimentación saludable (15,2%). Los adolescentes miraron los riesgos presentes en la vida diaria y las posibilidades de protección a través de la educación en la familia y escuela.

Objective: Identification of variables that affect the risk of severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in very low birth weight (VLBW) newborns. Methods: Analytic case-control study, in a population consisting of all VLBW newborns admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a maternity hospital, between January 2002 and December 2007. The authors considered as cases all VLBW newborns with severe IVH (grade ≥ 3), and control all VLBW newborns without IVH. Independent variables included obstetric, perinatal and neonatal diagnosis and therapy. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed. Rresults: During this period, of the 864 VLBW newborns admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, 9.7% had severe IVH. With bivariate analysis an association between severe IVH, gestational age and birth weight was found. Prenatal care and pre-eclampsia were associated with a decrease in the incidence of severe IVH. Amnionitis, being outborn, vaginal delivery, male gender, intubation in the delivery room, surfactant, hyaline membrane disease, pneumothorax, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) perforation and oscillatory high frequency ventilation were associated with an increased incidence of severe IVH. By multivariate logistic regression, the variables associated with increased risk of severe IVH were: pneumothorax (OR = 3.8; 95%CI = 1.7-8.3), NEC with perforation (OR = 8.8; 95%CI = 1.7-45.0), vaginal delivery (OR = 2.0; 95%CI = 1.0-4.1) and high frequency ventilation (OR = 4.8; 95%CI = 1.3-17.3). The following were protective of severe IVH: gestational age (OR = 0.61; 95%CI = 0.52-0.72), patent ductus arteriosus treatment with indomethacin (OR = 0.26; 95%CI = 0.11-0.6) and fertility treatment (OR = 0.24; 95%CI = 0.06-0.94). Cconclusion: These data outline the importance of improvement of pre and neonatal care to reduce severe IVH.

El estudio analiza la producción científica del desempeño de enfermería en la atención sistemática a los familiares de personas con trastorno mental, mediante análisis de periódicos científicos indexados y publicados en bibliotecas universitarias, en el sistema de banco de datos MEDLINE, LILACS y SCIELO en el periodo de 2000 a 2005. La investigación es de naturaleza bibliográfica basada en las conjeturas del análisis de Pimentel, el cual considera el registro del material y el análisis del contenido con elaboración de temáticas, buscando realizar contrapuntos entre los diversos autores. Los resultados demostraron un aumento del número de investigaciones que plantean la participación de la familia en el cuidado terapéutico de las personas con trastorno mental severo, enfatizan conductas y percepciones de las familias y de los profesionales acerca del tratamiento, y alerta para la promoción de la inserción social de la familia, comprensión de las necesidades y promoción de la participación de la familia en los problemas de salud.

ABSTRACT Congenital goiter is a rare cause of neonatal neck mass and may result from a fetal defectin synthesis of thyroxine, or administration of antithyroid drugs or iodides during pregnancy. The thyroid dysfunction often accompanies it. This report describes a case of a male term newborn with congenital goiter and primary hypothyroidism. Hormonal replacement treatment was started leading to normal levels of free thyroxine and triiodothyronine. In face of a maternal negative investigation, dyshormonogenesis was considered to be the most probable cause of hypothyroidism.

Congenital goiter is a rare cause of neonatal neck mass and may result from a fetal defectin synthesis of thyroxine, or administration of antithyroid drugs or iodides during pregnancy. The thyroid dysfunction often accompanies it. This report describes a case of a male term newborn with congenital goiter and primary hypothyroidism. Hormonal replacement treatment was started leading to normal levels of free thyroxine and triiodothyronine. In face of a maternal negative investigation, dyshormonogenesis was considered to be the most probable cause of hypothyroidism.

Com o objetivo de detectar grupos tróficos, foram analisadas amostras de conteúdos estomacais de sete espécies de peixes cartilaginosos. Os exemplares foram coletados no período de Outubro/85 a Julho/87 na plataforma interna de Ubatuba, SP, Brasil (da costa, até a isóbata de 50 m). A importância dos itens alimentares foi analisada através da freqüência numérica (FN) e da freqüência de ocorrência (FO). As espécies foram agrupadas em três grupos distintos: Piscívoros: Squalus cubensis; comedores de peixes e crustáceos bentônicos: Raja castelnaui, Raja cyclophora, Raja agassizi; comedores de invertebrados bentônicos: Psammobatis glansdissimilis, Rhinobatos horkelii, Zapteryx brevirostris.Stomach contents of seven cartilaginous fish species were analysed with the aim to detect trophic groups. Sampling was effectuated between October/85 and July/87 off the coast of Ubatuba (São Paulo, Brazil) in waters up 50 m depth. The relative importance of different components of the diet was expressed as a percentage frequency of occurrence and percentage number. The seven species were grouped in: fish feeders - Squalus cubensis; benthonic crustacean and fish feeders - Raja castelnaui, Raja cyclophora, Raja agassizi; benthonic invertebrate feeders - Rhinobatos horkelii, Zapteryx brevirostris, Psammobatis glansdissimilis.

Objetivamos identificar e caracterizar nos Projetos Político-Pedagógicos (PPPs) dos cursos da área de saúde da Universidade Estadual do Ceará (Uece) as estratégias usadas para estruturar o currículo relacionando e integrando ensino e pesquisa. Serviram como fonte de consulta os PPPs dos cursos e as legislações nacionais para o ensino superior. São ao todo 16 disciplinas de Metodologia da Pesqui sa: 5 em Enfermagem, 4 em Ciências Biológicas e Educação Física; 2 em Nutrição; 1 em Medicina. Apenas o curso de Educação Física apresenta continuidade de oferta das disciplinas durante a gradu ação. Quanto à ementa das disciplinas, observa-se uma lógica de concentração de informações técni cas nas disciplinas introdutórias nos semestres iniciais e nas de aplicação em semestres posteriores. Constatam-se mudanças positivas, como a implantação de disciplinas de monografia, mas somente a exigência do ensino da metodologia científica no currículo da graduação e do trabalho monográfico não é suficiente para incorporar a pesquisa ao ensino. Há necessidade de adequações curriculares e avaliação continuada dos PPPs.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by destruction of glucose-responsive insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells and exhibits immune infiltration of pancreatic islets, where CD8 lymphocytes are most prominent. Curative transplantation of pancreatic islets is seriously hampered by the persistence of autoreactive immune cells that require high doses of immunosuppressive drugs. An elegant approach to confer graft protection while obviating the need for immunosuppression is the use of encapsulation devices that allow for the transfer of oxygen and nutrients, yet prevent immune cells from making direct contact with the islet grafts. Here we demonstrate that macroencapsulation devices (TheraCyte ™ ) loaded with neonatal pancreatic tissue and transplanted into RIP-LCMV.GP mice prevented disease onset in a model of virus-induced diabetes mellitus. Histological analyses revealed that insulin-producing cells survived within the device in animal models of diabetes. Our results demonstrate that these encapsulation devices can protect from an immune-mediated attack and can contain a sufficient amount of insulin-producing cells to prevent overt hyperglycemia.

This paper investigates the influence of the use of the cubic equation of state (EOS) in the isothermal cavitation of compressible fluids. To do so, a thermodynamic consistent cavitation model that was recently proposed has been used. This model is derived under the Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes and considers the irreversible dissipative character of the phase change transformation. Numerical simulations carried out using linear and cubic EOS are presented and compared. Neglecting surface tension effects, the results obtained demonstrate that there is no significant difference between the responses of these two types of EOS for water up to saturation pressures up to about 200 kPa. Hysteresis loops observed in the simulations with both types of EOS are virtually the same. It suggests that linear EOSs can provide good approximations for metastable behaviors (intrinsically present in cubic EOS) as well as for the Gibbs free energy difference (the thermodynamic force associated with irreversible phase change transformation), rendering a great simplification in the analysis.

Abstract Muscular fatigue is associated with repeated muscle contraction exercises and with intense use of muscles with high intensity leading to a decline of performance and inability to continue with the same activity original intensity of activity. One of most promising interventions is the photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT). The objective was to analyze the results of the studies that investigated the effects of acute and long-term photobiomodulation in experimental animal models of muscle fatigue levels. The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021274444). 10 studies were identified (n=366 animals). 77% used histological analysis and blood level of lactate measures to record changes in fatigue and were considered moderate evidence. Nine chose isotonic contractions and one study opted for isometric contraction to induce fatigue. 77% applied long term PBMT and 33% applied an acute form. Most of the studies used the infrared wavelength; the power output varied from 0.625mW to 300mW and energy per point varied from 0.105J to 12J. This review demonstrates that PBMT has positive effects in acute and long-term treatment decreasing the level of fatigue and accelerating exercise performance in different animal models, even with distinct PBMT parameters and number of therapy sessions

This paper studies constrained Newtonian fluid flows through porous media, accounting for the drag effect on the fluid, modeled using a Mixture Theory perspective and a constitutive relation for the pressure—namely, a continuous and differentiable function of the saturation that ensures always preserving the problem hyperbolicity. The pressure equation also permits an ultra-small porous matrix supersaturation (that is controlled) and the transition from unsaturated to saturated flow (and vice versa). The mathematical model gives rise to a nonlinear, non-homogeneous hyperbolic system. Its numerical simulation combines Glimm’s method with an operator-splitting strategy to account for the Darcy and Forchheimer terms that cause the system’s non-homogeneity. Despite the Glimm method’s proven convergence, it is not adequate to approximate non-homogeneous hyperbolic systems unless combined with an operator-splitting technique. Although other approaches have already addressed this problem, the novelty is combining Glimm’s method with operator-splitting to account for linear and nonlinear drag effects. Glimm’s scheme marches in time using a formerly selected number of associated Riemann problems. The constitutive relation for the pressure—an increasing function of the saturation, with the first derivative also increasing, convex, and positive, enables us to obtain explicit expressions for the Riemann invariants. The results show the influence of the Darcy and Forchheimer drag terms on the flow.

This research aims to propose a numerical methodology that employs a non-increasing sequence to approximate the solution for a large class of ordinary differential equations like the ones described in complex non-linear heat transfer through porous fins. It also aims to compare this proposed methodology with an earlier one using a non-decreasing sequence of elements and to provide an upper-bound estimation for the error. The comparison between the non-increasing and non-decreasing sequences showed excellent agreement when applied to an example of convection and radiation in porous fins.

This work uses a mixture theory approach to describe kinematically constrained flows through porous media using an adequate constitutive relation for pressure that preserves the problem hyperbolicity even when the flow becomes saturated. This feature allows using the same mathematical tool for handling unsaturated and saturated flows. The mechanical model can represent the saturated–unsaturated transition and vice-versa. The constitutive relation for pressure is a continuous and differentiable function of saturation: an increasing function with a strictly convex, increasing, and positive first derivative. This significant characteristic permits the fluid to establish a tiny controlled supersaturation of the porous matrix. The associated Riemann problem’s complete solution is addressed in detail, with explicit expressions for the Riemann invariants. Glimm’s semi-analytical scheme advances from a given instant to a subsequent one, employing the associated Riemann problem solution for each two consecutive time steps. The simulations employ a variation in Glimm’s scheme, which uses the mean of four independent sequences for each considered time, ensuring computational solutions with reliable positions of rarefaction and shock waves. The results permit verifying this significant characteristic.

O processo educacional, ao longo dos anos, submeteu-se a várias alterações em sua estrutura, adaptando-se ao desenvolvimento humano e à sociedade moderna. O aprendizado por meio do lúdico proporciona ao discente maior envolvimento e prazer ao realizar as atividades em sala de aula. Identifica-se a importância do lúdico no desenvolvimento da criança, do adolescente, do adulto e do idoso, sem haver restrições de idade ou etnia. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo relatar as atividades e os resultados obtidos com a realização de gincanas de solos na Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA). As gincanas educativas foram realizadas com discentes do componente curricular de Solos, dos cursos de Engenharia Florestal e Gestão Ambiental, da UNIPAMPA. As gincanas tiveram como temas os conteúdos desenvolvidos na disciplina, com o intuito de oportunizar maior entendimento e interesse acerca desses conteúdos, integridade social e prazer nos estudos. As tarefas realizadas nas gincanas foram jogo da memória, mímica com desenho, cruzadinha, qual é o solo e torta na cara. O uso do lúdico no componente curricular Solos apresentou um elevado grau de satisfação, cooperação e recepção entre os discentes.

This paper considers the steady-state heat transfer process in a fin with a Robin boundary condition at the base (instead of the usual Dirichlet boundary condition at the base). Robin boundary condition models the effect of the thermal resistance between the base of the fin and the surface on which the fin is placed. This work presents an equivalent minimum principle, represented by a convex and coercive functional, ensuring the solution’s existence and uniqueness. In order to illustrate the use of the proposed functional for reaching approximations, the heat-transfer process in a trapezoidal fin considering a piecewise linear approximation is simulated. The Appendix presents a case in which the exact solution in a closed form has been achieved.

This work studies coupled steady-state conduction-radiation heat transfer in a non-convex gray body when the thermal conductivity temperature-dependent. The gray-body assumption is an improvement with respect to the black body model, because in this model a portion of the incident radiant energy can be reflected from the body boundary. The problem is mathematically described by a nonlinear partial differential equation subjected to a nonlinear boundary condition involving a Fredholm operator which arises from the non-convexity of the body. In this problem the absolute temperature distribution is the unknown, as in the case of a black body. The Kirchhoff transformation is employed to linearize the partial differential equation, giving rise to new boundary conditions. The solution of the problem is constructed by a proposed iterative procedure, employing sequences that involve the temperature and the radiosity. The convergence is explicitly demonstrated. Besides, an error estimate, for each element, is presented. It is remarkable that the results obtained for black bodies are a particular case of this work. In other words, the results presented in reference [1] consists of a particular case of this paper, obtained when the emissivity is equal to one.

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate and compare two types of different scaffolds in critical bone defects in rats. Methods Seventy male Wistar rats (280 ± 20 grams) divided into three groups: control group (CG), untreated animals; biomaterial group 1 (BG1), animals that received the scaffold implanted hydroxyapatite (HA)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA); and biomaterial group 2 (BG2), animals that received the scaffolds HA/PLGA/Bleed. The critical bone defect was induced in the medial region of the skull calotte with the aid of an 8-mm-diameter trephine drill. The biomaterial was implanted in the form of 1.5 mm thick scaffolds, and samples were collected after 15, 30 and 60 days. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was used, with the significance level of 5% (p ≤ 0.05). Results Histology revealed morphological and structural differences of the neoformed tissue between the experimental groups. Collagen-1 (Col-1) findings are consistent with the histological ones, in which BG2 presented the highest amount of fibers in its tissue matrix in all evaluated periods. In contrast, the results of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (Rank-L) immunoexpression were higher in BG2 in the periods of 30 and 60 days, indicating an increase of the degradation of the biomaterial and the remodeling activity of the bone. Conclusions The properties of the HA/PLGA/Bleed scaffold were superior when compared to the scaffold composed only by HA/PLGA.

A saúde única integra as esferas da saúde humana, ambiental e animal, por meio de políticas públicas focadas na prevenção e controle de enfermidades infecciosas. O médico veterinário é um profissional atuante na área da saúde pública pelo contato direto com as três esferas, e uma das principais ações desse profissional inclui a promoção de medidas comunitárias educativas para disseminar informações em relação à prevenção de doenças zoonóticas. Diante da atual pandemia, desenvolvemos o projeto: “Efeito borboleta aplicado a asilos de Uberlândia-MG no combate à COVID-19” com o objetivo de divulgar informações sobre a doença de maneira lúdica, e atender as demandas das instituições envolvidas. Foram produzidos e distribuídos dez materiais didáticos como vídeos e jogos interativos com orientações em relação à COVID-19 em 16 abrigos de idosos, junto à arrecadação de produtos de limpeza e higiene pessoal, máscaras e gêneros alimentícios, para enfatizar as medidas preventivas, provenientes de doações de 23 empresas. Funcionários das instituições desenvolveram as atividades propostas com os idosos, ressaltando a importância do distanciamento social e da higiene pessoal no momento atual. A ação executada permitiu a ampliação do conhecimento a respeito da pandemia, em virtude do uso de metodologias aplicadas às dificuldades e necessidades dos idosos, aliada à motivação emocional utilizada na proposta, o que favoreceu o processo ensino-aprendizagem. A presente ação social nas instituições auxiliou na conscientização e esclarecimento de dúvidas em relação à COVID-19 ao principal grupo de risco, e reforçou o contexto de atuação do médico veterinário na saúde única. Palavras-chave: Educação; Epidemia; Grupo vulnerável; Promoção de saúde Veterinary medicine and the one health system: socio-educational action applied to elderly in the context of COVID-19 Abstract: The one health system integrates the human, environmental, and animal health spheres through public policies focused on preventing and controlling infectious diseases. The veterinary doctor is a professional actor in public health through direct contact with the three spheres. One of these professional's main actions includes promoting community educational measures to disseminate information regarding the prevention of zoonotic diseases. In the face of the current pandemic, we developed the project: "Butterfly effect applied to asylums of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in the combat to COVID-19" to spread information about the disease playfully and to attend to the demands of the involved institutions. Ten educational materials were produced and distributed, such as videos and interactive games with guidelines regarding COVID-19, in 16 shelters for the elderly, along with the collection of cleaning and personal hygiene products, masks, and food products from donations from 23 companies, to emphasize preventive measures. Institutional staff developed the proposed activities with the elderly, emphasizing the importance of social distance and personal hygiene at this time. The action performed allowed the amplification of knowledge about the pandemic due to the use of methodologies applied to the difficulties and needs of the elderly, allied to the emotional motivation used in the proposal, which favored the teaching-learning process. This social action in the institutions helped to raise awareness and clarify doubts concerning VOCID-19 to the leading risk group and reinforced the context of the veterinarian's action in the one health. Keywords: Education; Epidemic; Vulnerable group; Health promotion

RESUMO A terapia a laser de baixa intensidade (LLLT) vem sendo amplamente discutida na literatura como forma alternativa de tratamento para diversos tipos de dor, com destaque para a neuropática. Essa terapia sobressai pelo fato de não ser invasiva, raramente causar efeitos colaterais e ser de baixo custo. Em contrapartida, para sua eficácia, é necessário o detalhamento dos parâmetros, que ainda são muito discrepantes na literatura. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar o efeito da LLLT, na faixa do infravermelho, com fluência de 30J/cm², no controle da dor neuropática em modelo animal. Foram utilizados 24 camundongos da cepa suíço albino, machos, pesando 2530 gramas, divididos em três grupos: Grupo Placebo (GP), Grupo Laser (GL30) e Grupo Sham (GS). A indução da neuropatia foi feita através do modelo de constrição crônica do nervo isquiático (CCI), e o tratamento da LLLT realizou-se da seguinte maneira: GP com o laser com fluência de 0J/cm2, GL30 tratado com fluência de 30J/cm2, e GS com simulação de cirurgia sem intervenção. Executaram-se as irradiações 3 vezes por semana, durante 90 dias, no ponto de compressão do nervo, utilizando-se a técnica de contato. A fins de avaliação, foram utilizados o teste da placa quente, para hiperalgesia térmica, e o Teste de Randall-Selitto para hiperalgesia mecânica. Nos resultados do GP, observamos que não houve melhora significativa nos dias após a cirurgia em nenhum dos testes realizados e, no GL30, observou-se uma melhora expressiva em ambos os testes a partir do 30º dia de tratamento para o teste de Placa Quente e a partir do 45º para o Randall-Selitto, em que os camundongos apresentaram restauração total da sensibilidade. Concluímos, pois, que a utilização de LLLT com fluência de 30J/cm2 no tratamento da dor neuropática em modelo animal é eficaz.

Abstract Purpose: To present an alternative experimental model of third degree burn of easy reproducibility. Methods: Eighteen male Wister rats were randomly divided into three groups, 6 of which were allocated to each group. A soldering iron coupled to an aluminum plate was used to produce burn, at a temperature of 150ºC, with different exposure times per group. Group 5 (G5) animals were burned at 150°C with exposure time of 5 seconds; Group 10 (G10) the animals were burned at 150°C with exposure time of 10 seconds and group 15 (G15) the animals were burned at 150°C with exposure time of 15 seconds. Results: Histopathological analyzes showed that all three groups had similar morphological characteristics, with total thickness involvement. Conclusion: The technique is effective to reproduce a third degree burn and suggests the temperature of 150ºC with 5 seconds of exposure in order to minimize the risks to the animals.