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By the end of the nineteenth century, the view of labour as control of the environment for human benefit was being re-evaluated. In the United States, the conservation movement of the Progressive era (1890–1920) brought new attention to the problem of the ‘wise use’ of resources. Progressive social movements also developed a concern with holistic health and social conditions in rapidly industrialising cities. This paper argues that the formation of the new allied health science of occupational therapy in the early 20th century can be understood as a response to the health and conservation implications of changing relations between labour and resources. An analysis of published sources on the aims of occupational therapy in the Progressive era concluded that the early stage of the profession was structured by dominant Western narratives about humans and nature. Those narratives included the trope of redemption or transformation through labour and the importance of conservation as a response to the squandering of resources, both natural and human. I argue that the early development of occupational therapy was significantly influenced by environmentalist discourse as a therapeutic response to industrialisation and emerging Anthropocene awareness.

Abstract Background Workers tasked with specific responsibilities around patient and public involvement (PPI) are now routinely part of the organizational landscape for applied health research in the United Kingdom. Even as the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) has had a pioneering role in developing a robust PPI infrastructure for publicly funded health research in the United Kingdom, considerable barriers remain to embedding substantive and sustainable public input in the design and delivery of research. Notably, researchers and clinicians report a tension between funders’ orientation towards deliverables and the resources and labour required to embed public involvement in research. These and other tensions require further investigation. Methods This was a qualitative study with participatory elements. Using purposive and snowball sampling and attending to regional and institutional diversity, we conducted 21 semi-structured interviews with individuals holding NIHR-funded formal PPI roles across England. Interviews were analysed through reflexive thematic analysis with coding and framing presented and adjusted through two workshops with study participants. Results We generated five overarching themes which signal a growing tension between expectations put on staff in PPI roles and the structural limitations of these roles: (i) the instability of support; (ii) the production of invisible labour; (iii) PPI work as more than a job; (iv) accountability without control; and (v) delivering change without changing. Conclusions The NIHR PPI workforce has enabled considerable progress in embedding patient and public input in research activities. However, the role has led not to a resolution of the tension between performance management priorities and the labour of PPI, but rather to its displacement and – potentially – its intensification. We suggest that the expectation to “deliver” PPI hinges on a paradoxical demand to deliver a transformational intervention that is fundamentally divorced from any labour of transformation. We conclude that ongoing efforts to transform health research ecologies so as to better respond to the needs of patients will need to grapple with the force and consequences of this paradoxical demand.

Review of book Lynch, K. 2022. Care and Capitalism.

The study explores the lived experiences of women migrant returnees in Nigeria. It aims to highlight the motivation and push factors for migration, understand the challenges and lived experiences of migrant women, and appraise their integration and sense of belonging. Through referrals and purposive sampling, a total of 20 migrant women were recruited and interviewed. The inclusion criteria include those who have lived and worked in the diaspora for a minimum of 5 years and 2 years as a returnee in Nigeria, respectively. The exclusion criteria involve women who migrated with families and those considered professionals. Themes were identified with the NVivo (v.12) qualitative software and the Content Qualitative Analytical tool employed to interpret these themes. The need for migration for many women includes access to improved economic life, infrastructure, and amenities, means of sustaining families in the home country, and improved social and political security. The lived experience of women migrants in the diaspora includes sexual harassment, rape, forced and inhumane labour practices, low wages, isolation and depression, and xenophobia. For many returnees, the challenge includes unemployment, integration, family support, inflation, and financial insolvency. The quest for integration and belonging is limited for many returnees. The paper argues for more robust migration policies and a well-established policy of integration for migrant returnees. The study recommends a more monitoring effort of the activities of the Nigerian border. This recommendation becomes crucial with the porous borders in Nigeria through which people, including women, migrate to other countries illegally and undocumented.

In Romania, one of the countries with the largest Roma community in Europe, the gap between the majority population and the Roma minority continues to be wide. The paper explores whether there is a sustainability of traditional Roma occupations and crafts or whether we are witnessing a continuous occupational dynamic. The objective of the research is to identify the patterns of traditional and non-traditional economic activities practised in Roma communities in two cities: Timişoara and Cluj-Napoca. The research hypothesis investigates whether there is a wide range of economic activities in analyzed Roma communities, where traditional activities tend to have a negligible share and dynamics compared to non-traditional ones. Also, we analyze whether traditional activities remain relevant in Roma communities and whether they represent a significant occupational resource in the case of external migration. The following statistical hypotheses are presented: there are significant differences between members of Roma communities in Timisoara and Cluj-Napoca. These are observed in the choice of practising non-traditional-traditional economic activities in the country. There are significant differences between members of Roma communities in Timisoara and Cluj-Napoca in the practice of traditional versus non-traditional occupations according to ethnic subgroup membership.

Abstract Background Neonatal hypoglycaemia is the most common metabolic disorder in infants, and may be influenced by maternal glycaemic control. This systematic review evaluated the effect of intrapartum maternal glycaemic control on neonatal hypoglycaemia. Methods We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-RCTs, non-randomised studies of interventions, and cohort or case-control studies that examined interventions affecting intrapartum maternal glycaemic control compared to no or less stringent control. We searched four databases and three trial registries to November 2023. Quality assessments used Cochrane Risk of Bias 1 or the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models analysed separately for women with or without diabetes. The review was registered prospectively on PROSPERO (CRD42022364876). Results We included 46 studies of women with diabetes and five studies of women without diabetes: one RCT, 32 cohort and 18 case-control studies (11,273 participants). For women with diabetes, the RCT showed little to no difference in the incidence of neonatal hypoglycaemia between tight versus less tight intrapartum glycaemic control groups (76 infants, RR 1.00 (0.45, 2.24), p = 1.00, low certainty evidence). However, 11 cohort studies showed tight intrapartum glycaemic control may reduce neonatal hypoglycaemia (6,152 infants, OR 0.44 (0.31, 0.63), p

Remifentanil is an ultra-short-acting synthetic opioid-class analgesic which might be increasingly used “off-label” as pain management during labour. Side effects in parturients during labour, and in the infant at birth are of particular concern, especially respiratory depression which is concentration-dependent, and can occur at levels as low as 3–5 ng mL–1. The safety of such use, particularly in newborns due to remifentanil placental transfer, has not been fully demonstrated yet, partly due to the lack of a suitable non-invasive analytical method. The aim of our work was to develop a sensitive method to monitor the levels of remifentanil in neonates by a non-invasive sampling of umbi lical cord blood to support efficacy and safety trials. The presented LC-MS method is sensitive enough to reliably quantify remifentanil in just 20 µL of blood at only 0.3 ng mL–1. The dried blood spot sample preparation included solvent extraction with subsequent solid-phase extraction. The method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect, and stability, and was successfully applied to a small pilot study. The estimated arterial blood concentrations at the time of delivery ranged from 0.2 to 0.3, and up to 0.9 ng mL–1 in neonatal, and maternal samples, respectively.

The paper discusses the problems of providing clergy with land for farming. It was revealed that the sources of replenishment of land allotments used by the clergy differed markedly depending on the specifics of individual parishes. There is detailed information about the church land received by the clergy from parishioners immediately after taking office (ordination). Another source of land replenishment was the own work of priests and clergy in clearing land from the forest and draining swamps. State measures aimed at improving the financial situation of the clergy and endowing clerics with land sufficient to maintain a stable economy have not been successful for a number of reasons. The Church authority believed that work on arable land brings clergy and laity closer together, contributing to mutual understanding. Among rural pastors, the conviction gradually grew that the basis of a priest’s income should be a government salary.

Introduction Pregnancy and childbirth have historically been considered, both in collective imagination and cultural transmission, as situations that threaten maternal and fetal survival. Purpose This study aims to understand the experiences of women who underwent Caesarean sections at Isiro General Reference Hospital, in relation to their pregnancies and labour, in order to inform precautions for future cases. Methods This is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. The population consists of women who underwent Caesarean sections in the gynecology-obstetrics department of Isiro General Reference Hospital. Data were collected through individual, semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Results For most women in the town of Isiro, pregnancy and childbirth are perceived as difficult and painful experiences. They reported discomfort and embarrassment, describing a variety of symptoms that were often mild: various pains, eating and digestion disorders, headaches, shortness of breath, dizziness, etc. In addition, the expectant mothers often felt vulnerable. Conclusion The conception of a child triggers a significant emotional upheaval in women, with psychological and physiological changes, particularly hormonal. These should not obscure the psychological challenges involved. Pregnancy and childbirth represent a period of identity crisis and psychological maturation for the woman transitioning into motherhood.

This paper reports the experience of the symposium “Mobbing and health”, held at the First Ibero American Conference on Workplace and Institutional Mobbing. Based on original research, the authors agreed that mobbing is harmful to physical and mental health, to social life and the relationship with the partner. Symptoms range from sleeping problems, food habits, mood, psychoactive substance use, anxiety, depression, fatigue and deterioration of sexual life, to headaches, hypertension, fibromyalgia and suicide, in extreme cases. The authors also agreed that family support, social support at work and psychotherapeutic intervention are key ways to help the victims. Harassment is recognized as a serious public health problem particularly, though not exclusively, in economically disadvantaged countries. This refers to the fact that mobbing, like other forms of violence, is one of the great evils resulting from the economic crisis that increased social inequality. The authors also said that phenomena such as mobbing should be made clear to the general society in seeking solutions. Thus it is important to target appropriate forums and opportunities to influence public policies and to encourage politicians to legislate and regulate comprehensive health protection of workers. Key words: mobbing, health, workplaces

This essay deals with a frequently discussed theme: the organization of work and the health of people who work, revealing that as ways to organize work have been modified in today’s workplace, work has intensified and the forms of exploitation of the working class have multiplied. Various studies in this field allow us to understand the conditions of work and organizational density, including work itself and the use of time by the capitalist establishment as well as emergent risks that workers are exposed to in their daily work lives and the demands that they are subjected to during their exhaustive work days. KEY WORDS organization of work, workplace bullying, flexibilization of labor

Industry is the substratum of material production and the economy as a whole. Numerous discussions about the need for new industrialisation make us turn again to the analysis of the state of industrial potential and results of industrial development in Russia. The study aims to explain the performance of the Russian industry in terms of the most relevant and aggregated indicators characterising its functioning, and to formulate its long-term development tasks. The methodological basis of the study is the theory of industrial development. Methods of planning and industrial analysis are used. The evidence is the data for 2012–2022 retrieved from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation and the Unified Interdepartmental Statistical Information System. The research concludes about the ‘contracted’ development of the Russian industry. The growth rate of the gross value added is more significantly impacted by the dynamics of fixed capital rather than that of labour. Yet the labour contributed greatly to the creation of the new value, which indicates the predominance of labour-intensive technologies, or obsolete capital-intensive technologies. The study empirically confirms that some periods saw a ‘paradox of rapid industrialisation’, that is, a substantially lower rate of economic growth against a higher growth of industry and modernisation of its fixed assets. The general conclusion is that when conducting industrial policy, it is necessary to influence the state of the labour and capital factors in the manufacturing sectors. The industrialisation of the Russian economy needs to be oriented towards the technological substitution through the creation of new fixed assets; in addition, the losses of greatly reduced labour potential should be compensated. A promising avenue is the organisation of analytical planning for the state-owned industry and indicative planning for private industries along with the adoption of a law on the state sector.

The global economic downturn due to the pandemic has resulted in shrinking the digital market in big economies such as the US and China. After the pandemic, many of the major tech and internet-based companies had to take action to reverse their the declining balance sheets and look for ways to financially rebound. Illustrated in this paper is how these digital giants in China could further advance their economy by minimising their paid manpower by working with/under the education system and inventing new temporary intern positions as semi-(im)material labour to expand their workforce. Based on our ethnographic work and interviews with interns, we elucidate the case of a Chinese tech intern, which exemplifies what we refer to as involution. Involution is a process by which the new generation is induced to accept a much more precarious economy as a result of nominal pay, yet is able to nevertheless survive, meet their daily needs and dwell in big cities, rather than engaging a radical change or revolution.

The global economic downturn due to the pandemic has resulted in shrinking the digital market in big economies such as the US and China. After the pandemic, many of the major tech and internet-based companies had to take action to reverse their the declining balance sheets and look for ways to financially rebound. Illustrated in this paper is how these digital giants in China could further advance their economy by minimising their paid manpower by working with/under the education system and inventing new temporary intern positions as semi-(im)material labour to expand their workforce. Based on our ethnographic work and interviews with interns, we elucidate the case of a Chinese tech intern, which exemplifies what we refer to as involution. Involution is a process by which the new generation is induced to accept a much more precarious economy as a result of nominal pay, yet is able to nevertheless survive, meet their daily needs and dwell in big cities, rather than engaging a radical change or revolution.

Abstract Background Mental health is a growing concern worldwide. It is not well understood whether international labour migrants from Nepal who return to Nepal are at higher risk of developing mental health problems. The purpose of our study was to determine the prevalence of and examine the associated factors for depressive symptoms among returnee migrants and non-migrant working male adults in Nepal. Methods A cross-sectional survey of a probability-based sample of 725 participants was conducted in February 2020. The sample was comprised of two groups based on migration status: returning migrants and non-migrants. The 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-21) questionnaire was used to assess depressive symptoms. Logistic regression was applied to investigate factors associated with symptoms of depression. Results The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was 10.1%. However, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was lower (7%) among returnee migrants compared to non-migrants (13.7%). Men in the lower income group had a higher chance of having depressive (AOR = 5.88, 95% CI: 2.17–15.96) than those in the higher income group. Similarly, Buddhists and Christians were more likely to be depressed (AOR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.03–4.68) than Hindus. Participants with more than two children had a higher chance of having of depressive symptoms (AOR = 4.80, 95% CI: 1.15–20.05) compared with those without children. Unmarried men were more likely to be depressed (AOR = 4.07, 95%, CI:1.11–14.92) than those who were married. Conclusion The working Nepali adult male population in Nepal, including returning migrants, is at risk of depressive symptoms, but this association was lower in those in the higher income group, returnee migrants, those who were married, Hindus and those with no children. Our results highlight the need to monitor and develop national policies to ensure the mental health of the Nepali male adult population, including returnee migrants.

Abstract Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated whether the use of azithromycin during labour or caesarean section reduces the incidence of sepsis and infection among mothers and newborns. Data sources We independently searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and EMBASE databases for relevant studies published before February, 2024. Methods We included RCTs that evaluated the effect of prenatal oral or intravenous azithromycin or placebo on intrapartum or postpartum infection incidence. We included studies evaluating women who had vaginal births as well as caesarean sections. Studies reporting maternal and neonatal infections were included in the current analysis. Review Manager 5.4 was used to analyse 6 randomized clinical trials involving 44,448 mothers and 44,820 newborns. The risk of bias of each included study was assessed using the criteria outlined in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.Primary outcomes included the incidence of maternal sepsis and all-cause mortality and neonatal sepsis and all-cause mortality; secondary outcomes included maternal (endometritis, wound and surgical site infections, chorioamnionitis, and urinary tract infections) and neonatal outcomes (infections of the eyes, ears and skin). A random-effects model was used to test for overall effects and heterogeneity. Results The pooled odds ratios (ORs) were as follows: 0.65 for maternal sepsis (95% CI, 0.55–0.77; I 2 , 0%; P

Respectful Maternity Care (RMC) is a fundamental right of every childbearing woman. It is aimed at lessening disparities in medical care and assists in achieving an optimal outcome for both mothers and newborns. However, studies have shown that Disrespect and Abuse (D&A) are extremely widespread in low socio-economic countries and that care quality has been neglected at all levels. To minimise disrespectful Maternity Care, we must create situation-specific, proof-based interventions as well as strategies and plans of action. RMC needs a lot more than the ending of misconduct. Care should be provided to all women in a way that safeguards their respect, privacy, and confidentiality. They should not be ill-treated and constant support should be provided at the time of labour and childbirth. Respectful treatment should not be dependent on the social status of the mother. The implementation of RMC through the labour and delivery process is a complicated procedure that demands that healthcare providers possess both interpersonal and scientific abilities. In this regard, it is crucial to recognise the probable hurdles and execute efficient approaches for implementing RMC into action. The present review aimed to further focus the discussion around the creation of RMC policies for various healthcare settings. The authors emphasise the value of RMC and highlight that poor treatment and disrespectful care are issues that are essential to be addressed across all research fields, including community health, quality assurance, administration, and human rights.

This article continues a longitudinal national study of journalism employment in Australia and contributes to new understandings of journalism employment in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand. Results suggest a shift in the organisational landscape of the media in Australia, with an expansion of large organisations at the ‘top,’ and a considerable loss of small micro-ventures (largely based online) at the ‘bottom.’ Implications include stronger centralised editorial control at the corporate level, urbanisation and homogenisation of media producers and product, and reduced opportunities for creative entry-level roles.

Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV infection is a significant health problem facing most low and middle-income countries. Also known as Vertical Transmission, PMTCT refers to the interventions put in place to prevent the transmission of HIV from a mother living with HIV to her infant either during pregnancy, labor, delivery, or breastfeeding. In the absence of intervention, the rate of transmission of HIV from a mother living with HIV to her child during pregnancy, labor, delivery, or breastfeeding ranges from 15% to 45% (1). Approximately 1/3 of HIV-exposed babies will acquire HIV infection in the absence of preventive measures

The present research has been conducted to study the causal relation among GDP, electricity utilization, exports, real capital and labor force for Pakistan. Time dependent data for the mentioned parameters have been used for the time period of 1980 to 2022. Inter-relations among the above-mentioned variables have been studied in this work by the method of cointegration using bounds test. The results illustrate that there is an existence of long run relation among the parameters where GDP has been taken into consideration as the dependent variable. Granger causation analysis has also been performed for the variables. Results show that Granger causality between GDP and electricity utilization runs in both directions. Moreover, the study discloses that Electricity utilization granger cause exports and per capita real capital. Exports granger cause per capita real capital. Per capita real capital granger cause GDP. Labor force granger cause GDP and exports. The long run relation equation of GDP, Electricity utilization, exports, real capital and labor force has also been examined for parameter stability. The parameters are found to be stable with the significance level of 5%. The research also suggests some significant strategy recommendations.

The central axis of the article is the argument that History and Class Consciousness adopts from the Hegelian dialectics not only the category of totality but also the master–slave dialectic, although it never refers explicitly to the latter. Hence, in this article, we aim to detect the subtle influence that the Hegelian master–slave dialectic exerts on History and Class Consciousness and, more specifically, on the constitution of the Lukacsian concepts of reification, praxis, working class-bourgeoisie interaction, working-class self-consciousness, autonomous subject. Our approach to the Hegelian master–slave dialectic is mostly – but not only – based on its philosophical–anthropological interpretation by A. Kojeve. Kojeve’s interpretation, by attributing a crucial role to labour in the mastery–slavery dialectic, focuses on that aspect of the Hegelian dialectic which, in our estimation, was determining for HCC. In addition, our approach to the Hegelian master–slave dialectic is based on some occasional references Lukacs has to it in Young Hegel as well as on his interpretation latent in History and Class Consciousness.

Objective and rationale: The study sought to explore the experiences of midwives at selected hospitals in the Ho municipality regarding work-related musculoskeletal disorders, the predisposing factors, the impacts on them, and their coping strategies to mitigate the effects of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Methods: This study adopted a qualitative research approach with a phenomenological study design. Purposive sampling was employed in this study to select participants. Data was collected and recorded on voice recording devices from fifteen (15) midwives through an interview using a semi-structured interview guide. Data was manually transcribed and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results: The four emerging themes include: the lived experiences of midwives regarding musculoskeletal disorders, predisposing factors contributing to musculoskeletal disorders, impact of musculoskeletal disorders, and coping strategies of midwives. These themes were further expanded by their sub-themes in describing musculoskeletal conditions, onset, understaffing of midwives, awkward posture assumption during care delivery, limited logistics, struggle with quality of life, impaired work performance, rest and good body mechanics, and teamwork. Conclusion: To lower the rate of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among midwives and increase work efficiency and productivity, educational programs on prevention and coping mechanisms for musculoskeletal disorders should be made mandatory for midwives.

This article describes the methods used to build a large-scale database of more than 250,000 electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) records linked to a comprehensive set of clinical information about the infant, the mother, the pregnancy, labor, and outcome. The database can be used to investigate how birth outcome is related to clinical and EFM features. The main steps involved in building the database were: (1) Acquiring the raw EFM recording and clinical records for each birth. (2) Assigning each birth to an objectively defined outcome class that included normal, acidosis, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. (3) Removing all personal health information from the EFM recordings and clinical records. (4) Preprocessing the deidentified EFM records to eliminate duplicates, reformat the signals, combine signals from different sensors, and bridge gaps to generate signals in a format that can be readily analyzed. (5) Post-processing the repaired EFM recordings to extract key features of the fetal heart rate, uterine activity, and their relations. (6) Populating a database that links the clinical information, EFM records, and EFM features to support easy querying and retrieval. • A multi-step process is required to build a comprehensive database linking electronic temporal fetal monitoring signals to a comprehensive set of clinical information about the infant, the mother, the pregnancy, labor, and outcome. • The current database documents more than 250,000 births including almost 4,000 acidosis and 400 HIE cases. This represents more than 80% of the births that occurred in 15 Northern California Kaiser Permanente Hospitals between 2011–2019. This is a valuable resource for studying the factors predictive of outcome. • The signal processing code and schemas for the database are freely available. The database will not be permitted to leave Kaiser firewalls, but a process is in place to allow interested investigators to access it.

Introduction. During different historical periods, the purposes, forms of employing foreigners, rules and regulations of attracting them, and their forms had distinctive features. The author formulates the aim of the research. Based on a problem-chronological approach, a classification of the main stages in attracting foreign labour to Russia is presented. Materials and methods. It is noted that the study is interdisciplinary in nature and is based on the use of historical methods and the method of retrospective analysis. A brief description of the degree of knowledge of the topic is given. The author identifies three areas of research: works that consider individual socio-economic aspects of the development of the Russian state in different historical periods; works devoted to foreigners, the evolution of their legal status and role in the history of the Russian state and society; historical and demographic studies that allow the use of data on population migration. Results. Based on the problem-chronological approach, three periods (stages) in attracting foreign labour to Russia can be distinguished: from the formation of the Old Russian state to the end of the 17th century, Russia during the Empire period, and the Soviet period. Each period can be distinguished by certain bursts of activity (waves), characterized by an increase in the number of foreigners, as well as a change in the forms of their involvement in work. During the period from the moment the Old Russian state was formed to the end of the 17th century, the attraction of foreigners was determined mainly by trade and economic relations, the very concept of “foreigner” did not have a clear legal definition. During the period of the Russian Empire, the number of foreigners coming to work in Russia mainly depended on the foreign policy situation, the forms of attraction and the geography of migrants’ origin changed. During the Soviet period, the attraction of foreign technical specialists and workers dominated in order to solve important socio-economic problems of the country. In the post-war decades, this process had a pronounced ideological context. Discussion. The main conclusions are presented. A retrospective analysis allows us to distinguish three research periods, each of which has temporary stages (waves) characterized by an increase in the presence of foreign labour migrants, as well as the presence of certain forms of attracting to work.

Abstract Ethiopia is one of Africa’s fastest-growing economies, and the recent political and economic reforms recognize the importance of empowering women and increasing their labour force participation. The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) constitution of 1995 recognized women’s right to equality and provides intervened to enable women to compete and participate in all spheres of life and to exercise their rights on equal grounds with men. Gender empowerment and gender equality are given national priority and positioned at the centre of all policy, legal, and institutional frameworks. Research suggests that women remain overrepresented in lower-skilled jobs, while carrying out the bulk of unpaid care work. Women also face multiple forms of deprivation, gender-based discrimination, lack of access to productive resources, intimate partner violence, lack of education and training, and employment. Persistent inequalities in ownership and control over assets, such as land, houses, and oxen negatively affect their productivity and livelihoods. This paper aims at answering the question “Do gender disparities in socioeconomic status affect Teff productivity in Ethiopia?” Using mixed methods, the study conducted a cross-sectional household survey. Purposive sampling was used to select top Teff-producing regions, districts, Kebeles, key informants and FGD participants while a random sampling method was used to select the survey respondents. Results suggest that, although women were fully engaged in Teff production activities, due to a low level of ownership of productive resources such as land, labour, and oxen, there is a statistically significant difference in Teff production between female and male-headed households which needs the attention of the government and stakeholders. The paper contributes to understanding how gender-based disparities in socioeconomic status affect Teff production.

Introduction: Preterm birth is associated with high perinatal morbidity and mortality. Identifying women at risk for preterm labour early in pregnancy may improve pregnancy outcomes. Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) can be helpful in predicting preterm labour, as infection is an important factor in early preterm deliveries, with immunity playing a key role in preterm labour. Aim: To evaluate the predictive role of the NLR and MPV in preterm deliveries. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care and research hospital from August 2022 to October 2023. Haematological and clinical data were retrieved for preterm deliveries (n=79, group I) and term deliveries (n=151, group II). The two groups were compared in terms of demographic characteristics, obstetric and laboratory findings, including maternal age, gravida, parity, birth weight, NLR, MPV, and haemoglobin levels. The data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 29.0. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the mean values among different groups. Categorical values were evaluated with Pearson’s Chi-square test. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the diagnostic properties of the tests. Results: The two groups showed no statistical difference in terms of demographic parameters such as the mother’s age (p-value=0.611), parity (p-value=0.798), and gravida (p-value=0.583). The NLR was higher in group I (5.8±5.01) compared to group II (4.3±1.75), and this difference was statistically significant with a p-value of

Ion Ionescu de la Brad (Roman, June 24 / July 6, 1818 – Brad, December 16/28, 1891) was an agronomist, the founder of the Romanian agronomic education, an 1848 revolutionary, the most important Romanian agricultural economist of the 19th century. Our paper aims at emphasizing the national and original character of his economic thinking, as well as the theoretical and ideological basis of the solutions he suggested for solving the agrarian problem.

The quality of tourism services depends to a very large extent on the work of employees and also on human resource management, which has the role of ensuring that the work is carried out in the best possible conditions for maximum efficiency. The importance of human resource management in this sector lies in the many advantages it offers, particularly in terms of competitiveness. In this respect, human resource management has a responsibility to obtain, select, motivate, educate and develop, reward and retain its employees. The purpose of this paper is to indicate the importance of human resources in modern tourism. In order to carry out the research, official statistical data provided at European level on the development and type of employees in the tourism industry were analysed, as well as the extent to which human resource management strategies can influence these data were analysed.

A viable and functional labour market is a sin qua non for economic development. This study thus examines the evidence of disability-related employment discrimination in Nigeria. Utilising the Fairlie decomposition technique in analysing households’ data elicited from wave 4 of the General Household Survey, the study found that the disability gap in employment was plausibly existent in Nigeria. The study therefore suggested, among other viable options, that policies aimed at promoting the elimination of physical obstacles in workplaces while also ensuring equitable training opportunities for individuals with disabilities should be rigorously pursued. There is a need to enact more stringent anti- discriminatory policies in Nigeria, with individuals having functional difficulties being the focal target.

Introduction: Efficient care by labour monitoring tools manages labour, identifies the abnormalities and avoids the fatalities. Various studies are being undertaken by the researchers to understand the limited use of these therapeutic tools. The present study aimed to develop a novel labour monitoring instrument after understanding the barriers and enablers of the currently used tools and using it in the health setting for improving clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: Methodological research design was adopted to develop the novel tool. Item pool was generated by literature review, focus group discussions and retrospective observations of the partographs. Developed tool was evaluated by various experts by undergoing three rounds and was found to be reliable in terms of stability and equivalency. After undergoing pilot runs by researcher and nurses, tool was found to be feasible and understandable. The developed novel labour monitoring tool was used on 200 intranatal women. Results: Focus group discussions revealed various barriers in the current labour tools, such as lack of clarity, complexity, staff shortage, workload etc. Retrospective observation of filled partographs revealed the incomplete recording of the components of the partograph. The prepared first draft underwent rigorous review by the experts. The prepared novel tool, after being used on 200 intranatal women resulted in 90% of normal vaginal deliveries. Duration of 1st stage of labour was around 5 hours. Conclusion: A novel labour monitoring tool was developed after methodological approach resulting in adequate monitoring and improved labour outcomes.

Man in the world has been living life without knowing the exact answer to their origin. The world that emerged from the Big Bang has evolved over millions of years and many species have appeared and are living in this world. Based on their intellectual capacity, living organisms are divided into semi-intelligent, intelligent and multi-intelligent species. Each living being passes through each stage of knowledge and emerges as each being, maturing and experiencing, with the longing to enjoy its highest pleasure. In Tamil culture, The best of all births is the human birth. It is worrying that even in this human birth, man could not live as a free man due to caste, religion and unethical social structure. In this case, every person tries to lead his life according to his place of birth, situation, economic background etc. All the working people in any part of the world belong to the same class. Liberation occurs in the lives of workers only when they unite as workers. Writers are capable of transforming the events of society into creative work. The Tamil Gandharvan has recorded in his works about the pathetic condition of industry and workers, the effects of capitalism on workers, the plight of poor workers and women workers and the life struggles of workers who want to be freed from them. Most of the Gandharvan stories are based on rural life, but he has made the stories based on the life of the workers in many of his stories to show the condition of the working labourers and their families. This article is intended to highlight the status of the working-class people and their plights in Tamil Nadu.

Abstract Background There is increasing evidence that a companionship is an important tool for improving the quality of care provided to pregnant women during the labour and delivery process. The literature review shows very limited studies assessing the role of companions during childbirth from the companion’s point of view. Many published papers studied the role and satisfaction of pregnant women but not their companions. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the role and effect of companions during childbirth in Oman. Methods This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman, between June 2022 and April 2023. Companions were interviewed face-to-face at a time convenient to them. A telephone interview was conducted with those who left the hospital early. The questionnaire comprised sociodemographic data and other sections, including the nature of the help provided by the supportive companion, their effects on the women who gave birth, and the timing of their presence during companionship. Results A total of 214 companions were included in this study with the mean age of 42.54 years. The most common relationship to the pregnant women was mothers (35.7%), followed by husbands (30.5%). The majority of companions provided support during admission (62.6%), in the immediate post-partum ward (56.5%) and during delivery (54.2%), while a minority helped from admission to discharge (22.4%). The most common type of support provided was encouraging words (89.7%) followed by transferring things (43.9%), massage (37.4%) and touch (33.6%). The majority of companions (96.7%) reported that their support helped very much, and the pregnant women felt better and calmer. Conclusions Labouring women felt better and calmer because of the presence of companions. Companions preferred to be present in the postpartum and during labour and delivery. The majority of companions support their labouring women by encouraging wards. Companions love and encourage others to support their labouring women during their critical times.

Abstract Introduction To analyse at what point during delivery, and during what clinical circumstances uterine rupture occurs. Uterine rupture is a rare peripartum complication associated with severe outcome for both mother and child. To date, many studies have characterized potential risk factors to uterine rupture, however, the intrapartum course remains unclear. Material and Methods A case‐series study based on data collected from patient data records on all women with uterine rupture at a tertiary referral centre between 2008 and 2019. Data were compared on women with uterine rupture during first versus second stage of labour, and women with spontaneous onset versus induced labour. Results A total of 109 women were included, whereof 94.5% had one or more previous caesarean deliveries. Uterine rupture occurred during the whole course of labour. Women with uterine rupture during second stage of labour (n = 46) compared to women with uterine rupture during first stage of labour (n = 63), were more exposed to oxytocin (p

Tens of thousands of labourers work in the factories in and around Baia Mare, a city that is being reindustrialized after an initial industrialization under state socialism. In 2021, most workers were being paid about 280 euro a month, as companies were aiming to achieve the lowest possible production costs while remaining within the European Union. Workers and their families, unable to make do on their low wages alone, constantly scramble for means to supplement their income. Many work overtime systematically; some choose to migrate for work abroad for a few months every year; yet others quit their factory jobs for more lucrative opportunities during the summers, only to return to the factories in the autumn. In this paper, I look at the industrial history of Baia Mare and the work lives of labourers to understand how the workers in the region were impacted by the politics of dispossession. I use two complementary lenses: on the one hand, I understand their position at the junction of global, national, and local forces; on the other hand, I underline the ways in which this specific case speaks to the workings of global capital, not as an exception, but as one of many interconnected stories of human experience.

Abstract The world labor market is characterized by growing dynamics and strong volumes of labor export and import, which is realized through international labor migration. The movement of the labor force carries out several important functions in the global economy – from income redistribution to the exchange of professional experience, the spread of new innovative technologies, and the growth of labor productivity. In addition, the socio-economic implications of international labor migration for donor countries and recipient countries are ambiguous, they differ in the short, medium, and long-term periods.The study aims to analyze the impact of the socio-economic consequences of international labor migration. The article also focuses on the world experience in shaping and influencing the socio-economic consequences of international labor migration for the donor countries and for the importing countries of the labor force.

Calling is a very important concept in Christianity. In the medieval era, calling was restricted to ecclesiastical work alone, a devotion to the life of contemplation. Ordinary work or physical labour was not considered qualified to be a calling. Martin Luther was the one who taught that the ordinary work of the ordinary people was also God’s calling and equally spiritual as the ecclesiastical work. However, Miroslav Volf, a Croatian theologian, criticised Luther that his view of calling was too static and irrelevant to the modern context where people often choose to quit a job because of its negative effects and some people have to do multiple jobs in order to make ends meet. While recognising the validity of Volf’s critique, this article seeks to demonstrate that even in the modern context, calling is still a very important theological concept to reflect upon work. Luther’s vocational view of work could be retrieved in discussing the theology of work by putting it in dialogue with Calvin, Kuyper, and other theologians. Contribution: This article seeks to show that the concept of calling is indispensable in constructing a sound theology of work for the modern context. By understanding work as calling, Christian workers are enabled to see how they are participating in God’s redemptive work through their jobs.

This paper introduces this Special Issue of the Journal of World-Systems Research, “Women in World-Literature: A Woman’s Work” by making the case that the Warwick Research Collective’s (WReC 2015: 9) conception of “combined and uneven development” can not only be applied to women’s writing in conversation with materialist feminist theory, but perhaps misses the ways in which women, Black feminists, indigenous lifeways, and queer world-making shows us a form of work that is not bound by the wage or value-exchange system, as many acts of care or favors often described as “women’s work”—cannot be repaid (Walton and Luker 2019). Missing from the WReC’s framework is an explicit engagement with women’s writing and how women contribute to, and are exploited by, the world-system. This Special Issue thus focuses on only one aspect of women’s engagement with the world-literary system: women’s work. From the labor market, motherhood, sex work, affective work, to knowledge production and storytelling, to the very work of consumption itself. Social reproduction theory and materialist feminists have made the case that capitalism relies on the invisible labor of women, particularly domestic work and community work. Yet, if we consider the creative dimensions of women’s work, do we discover gaps in world-systems frameworks which, when refracted through literary analysis, actually upset capitalism’s insistence upon the inevitability of exchange value? To exemplify this, I turn to Silvia Federici’s explanations of the witch as a tool to think about how we might “make something out of nothing.”

Background When the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) was planned, it was assumed that the clinical obstetric data would be easily accessible from the newly developed National Health Service computerised ‘STORK’ system. Pilot studies, however, showed that, although fairly accurate in regard to aspects of labour and delivery, it was, at the time (1990-2), inadequate for identifying the full antenatal and postnatal details of clinical complications and treatments of the women in the Study. Methods A scheme was therefore developed to train research staff to find and abstract relevant details from clinical records onto proformas designed for the purpose. Extracting such data proved very time consuming (up to six hours for complicated pregnancies) and consequently expensive. Funding for the enterprise was obtained piecemeal using specific focussed grants to extract data for subsamples of the Study, including a random sample to serve as controls. Results To date, detailed records have been completed for 8369 pregnancies, and a further 5336 (13,705 in total) have complete details on specific prenatal areas, including serial measures of maternal blood pressure, proteinuria and weight. In this Data Note we describe the information abstracted from the obstetric medical records concerning the mother during pregnancy, labour, delivery and the first two weeks of the puerperium. Information abstracted relating to the fetus (including fetal monitoring, presentation, method of delivery) and neonate (signs of asphyxia, resuscitation, treatment and well-being) have been described in a further Data Note. Conclusions These data add depth to ALSPAC concerning ways in which the signs and symptoms, procedures and treatments of the mother prenatally, intrapartum and postnatally, may impact on the long-term health and development of both mother and child. They augment the data collected from the mothers’ questionnaires (described elsewhere) and the ‘STORK’ digital hospital data.

In a previous Data Note, we outlined the data obtained from clinical obstetric records concerning many details of the pregnancies resulting in the births of the children in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Here we describe the data that have been abstracted from medical records concerning the fetus and neonate. Full details concerning the selection biases regarding the data abstracted are outlined in the previous Data Note. The records that have been abstracted, and described in this Data Note, concern the health of the fetus (measured in relation to the results of fetal monitoring, presentation at various stages of pregnancy, and the method of delivery) as well as the status of the newborn immediately post-delivery. Details of signs, symptoms and treatments of this population of new-born babies, as recorded in the clinical records, are described for the time during which they were in hospital or under the care of a designated midwife. These data add depth to the information collected from elsewhere concerning this period of the child’s life: from the questionnaires completed at the time by the mother; and clinical details from neonatal intensive or special care units which will be detailed in a further Data Note.

Background Current methods of intrapartum fetal monitoring based on heart rate, increase the rates of operative delivery but do not prevent or accurately detect fetal hypoxic brain injury. There is a need for more accurate methods of intrapartum fetal surveillance that will decrease the incidence of adverse perinatal and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes while maintaining the lowest possible rate of obstetric intervention. Fetal pulse oximetry (FPO) is a technology that may contribute to improved intrapartum fetal wellbeing evaluation by providing a non-invasive measurement of fetal oxygenation status. Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to synthesise the evidence examining the association between intrapartum fetal oxygen saturation levels and adverse perinatal and long-term outcomes in the offspring. Methods We will include randomised control trials (RCTs), cohort, cross-sectional and case-control studies which examine the use of FPO during labour as a means of measuring intrapartum fetal oxygen saturation and assess its effectiveness at detecting adverse perinatal and long-term outcomes compared to existing intrapartum surveillance methods. A detailed systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.Gov and WHO ICTRP will be conducted following a detailed search strategy until February 2024. Three authors will independently review titles, abstracts and full text of articles. Two reviewers will independently extract data using a pre-defined data extraction form and assess the quality of included studies using the Risk of Bias tool for RCTs and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies. The grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) approach will be used to evaluate the certainty of the evidence. We will use random-effects meta-analysis for each exposure-outcome association to calculate pooled estimates using the generic variance method. This systematic review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses and MOOSE guidelines. PROSPERO registration CRD42023457368 (04/09/2023)

Introduction: The partograph is a simple, inexpensive tool that provides a continuous pictorial overview of labour. It helps to identify obstructed or prolonged labour and determines when appropriate actions should be taken to prevent complications. The partograph is a valuable tool for making early decisions, including transferring patients to higher-level centres when labour is not progressing. Need for the study: This research aims to contribute to the development of a standardised approach for healthcare personnel to ensure accuracy and reliability in observations and data collection. Aim: This study will compare the efficacy of the World Health Organisation (WHO)-modified partograph versus the paperless partograph. Materials and Methods: This will be a prospective interventional study conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, JNMC, Wardha, Maharashtra, India over a two-year duration from January 2024 to January 2026. The study will include 200 pregnant women who will be divided into two groups. One group will use the WHO-modified partograph, while the other group will use the paperless partograph. The comparison will be based on the effective management of labour using the action and alert line Estimated Time of Delivery (ETD) between the two partographs. The overall usefulness will be evaluated using the Chi-square test/Fisher’s-exact test, with a statistical value of

This research aims to shed light on the effect of hotels’ employees' emotional labour with its three levels (surface acting, deep acting and genuine emotions) on interpersonal counterproductive work behaviours. To achieve this aim, a questionnaire was designed for Egyptian hotels’ employees which was structured to cover three main parts: (1) demographic characteristics of employees, (2) employees' emotional labour and (3) interpersonal counterproductive work behaviours. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used involving (smart- PLS) software, IBM, version 4. The results show that the hotels’ employees' emotional labour with its three levels (surface acting, deep acting and genuine emotions) affects interpersonal counterproductive work behaviours with its two types (task focused and person focused) as there is a positive effect of surface acting on interpersonal counterproductive work behaviour. Employees' emotional labour must be seriously handled within the hospitality industry as it is a very important element affecting task-focused or person-focused ICWBs in the hotel. As both surface acting and genuine emotions increase task-focused or person-focused ICWBs, deep acting decreases task-focused or person-focused ICWBs.

Currently, at various levels, there is an awareness of the need to include people with disabilities in the social and labour spheres. Increasing attention is being paid to creating a comfortable, convenient and accessible environment with equal opportunities for everyone. However, despite the positive changes in this direction, in our country at the moment the inclusive approach in various spheres of economic and socio-cultural activity is in the initial stage of development that can serve as an example of progress and successful development. In particular, this concerns such an important aspect of the socialization of disabled people as the labour sphere, where, as it is worth noting, there is practically no involvement of disabled people in economic processes. The labour integration of citizens with disabilities is one of the effective ways of their social integration and allows us to destroy stereotypes about them as dependent people. We believe that self-employment is the most effective way to fully integrate people with disabilities into society since self-employed people are less limited by work schedules and can perform the necessary medical and rehabilitation procedures without compromising the work process. Psychologically, self-employment is also suitable for people with disabilities, as they can influence their social environment, which is not always possible in the traditional employment model. The importance of self-employment of people with disabilities is determined not only by economic, but also by social aspects. This helps them socialize, increases their self-esteem and allows them to realize their creative potential. However, to expand opportunities for labour inclusion of people with disabilities, it is necessary to create appropriate conditions, which require support from the state and public organizations. The current research is devoted to finding the most optimal solutions in this direction.

This article summarises and presents the main findings of Marie-Anne Dujarier’s French book Troubles dans le travail (2021). It focuses on the “travail” category of thought and practice in France, where it has become a ubiquitous and moral notion. The article traces the history of its social uses, highlighting its polysemy with respect to vernacular and scientific uses, then its limited meaning when used in institutions. It examines contemporary situations in which activity requiring effort, the production of use or exchange values, and the status of employment and remuneration are disconnected. Their frequency and importance cast doubt on who is working and when. This disruption in the “work” category of thought indicates that the eponymous institutions do not adequately accommodate real practices. They are therefore questioned. This observation is also an invitation for researchers to unpick this word for a better analysis of contemporary social, psychological and ecological issues. In France, the word “travail” is ubiquitous in our day-to-day exchanges, as well as in our scientific and political discussions (“travail” is often translated as ‘work’ or ‘labour’, translations are part of the history of the category). Although regularly given only one value, it also has a moral domain. But what does it mean? This article offers Anglo-Saxon readers a summary of in-depth sociological research on this issue, published in the book called Work Troubles. Sociology of a category of thought (French original title: Troubles dans le travail. Sociologie d’une catégorie de pensée) by the author of this article.

Using a cross-sectional survey data of agricultural farms, we investigate gender-based differences in farm wages among farm workers by randomly allocating farm workers into treatment (female) and control (male) groups with a simple random sampling technique. We used the Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition method to establish the gender wage gap and Propensity Score Matching to address assumptions and heterogeneity difficulties that plague the decomposition technique. Results show that female farm workers earn ₦ 9,170.83 less compared to their male counterparts, which indicates an unadjusted gender gap. This gender gap in farm wages is explained by the specific factors included in our model, so upgrading these variables could reduce gender inequalities in farm wages. Matching results indicate that the gender gaps estimated with nearest neighbour matching and kernel-based matching are 9.8% and 21.6% higher, respectively, than the gaps measured by the decomposition technique. Thus, the matching procedure was successful in identifying a sizeable proportion of gender gaps that are unexplained due to discrimination between male and female farm workers.

Abstract Aim Synthesize qualitative evidence examining how nurses' attitudes, beliefs, and sense of efficacy and the context surrounding birth facilitate or hinder family‐centered nursing practice. Design Thematic synthesis of qualitative studies. Methods A literature search was conducted in CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, SCIENCE DIRECT, REPÈRES, CAIRN, and ÉRUDIT from October 2020 to June 2021. The PRISMA guidelines were followed, and studies were critically appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers, and Thomas and Harden's qualitative thematic synthesis method was performed for data analysis. Results Thirteen studies were included. Three analytical themes were generated: (1) sharing power: opposing beliefs, (2) feeling a sense of efficacy in fulfilling one's role, and (3) managing a challenging work environment. Patient or Public Contribution Synthesizing nurses' experience is essential to promote implementation of favourable changes for care that is more focused on the needs of families.

The aim of this study is to analyse the variables related to knowledge (Talent Management and Training) as a source of human capital in the companies listed in the ranking of the most attractive organisations within the Spanish labour market, published annually by the journal Actualidad Económica (period 2016–2022). We seek to determine the socio-economic variables impacting this assessment, while also exploring the sustainability of the companies in the ranking. Ten hypotheses are thus examined by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression models. The results show a significant relationship between permanence, nationality, professional–scientific–technical sector, size, stock market listing, and both variables representative of knowledge in the ranked companies. Focusing on Talent Management, it is noted that permanence in the ranking (>4 years), Anglo-Saxon nationality, being active in the professional, scientific, and technical sector, and being listed on the stock market all play a part. However, Training differs in that size is a factor that positively influences valuation, whereas the international area is irrelevant. Our findings are a key contribution, as there are no previous applied studies that correlate knowledge in the business environment, the valuation of organisations from the employee’s perspective, and several socio-economic variables.

As is well known, forced labour was a fixture of almost every poor relief institution that popped up throughout Europe from the late 16th century onwards. Those institutions were not primarily conceived at the time as places of punishment: instead, they were intended to provide the poor with actual assistance, be it of the material or the spiritual kind. Considering a series of discourses produced by a handful of prominent Italian thinkers and institutions between the end of the 17th and the first half of the 18th century, this contribution is intended to show how labour could be framed then in terms of charitable provision to the poor, while also highlighting the issues this peculiar framing implied.

The main purpose of the paper is to analyse the existing methods and procedures of estimation of human capital as a dominant factor in improving profitability and competitiveness of the enterprise. The main tasks of the paper are to study and analyse the concept of human capital and its characteristics, to systematise approaches and methods of estimation of human capital within the framework of the company and the national economy. Methodology. This study analyses the theoretical basis of the estimation of human capital at different levels. The method used is literature review. Findings. The article raises the problem of using human capital as one of the indicators of efficient development of the economy. The analysis of the methodology of estimation of human capital is carried out. The article considers current methods of estimation of human capital at different levels: micro-, meso-, macro-, as well as their comparative analysis. The characteristics of the basic approaches to the estimation of human capital are considered, the analysis of the problems of indirect methods of estimation of human capital, objectivity and sufficiency of data for the construction of estimates is carried out. External factors such as socio-psychological resources, environmental influences, human lifestyles, such as dietary intake, need to be taken into account in order to estimate human capital accurately. Each approach has its own strengths and weaknesses. The weaknesses are more related to the difficulties in quantifying some of the components of human capital and the difficulties in collecting, processing and statistically analysing information at all levels of the study. Each approach has its own strengths and weaknesses. The weaknesses are more related to the difficulties of quantifying some components of human capital, and the difficulties of collecting, processing and statistically analysing information at all levels of the study. The authors also found that the investment approach is the most popular and provides the most adequate estimates. Practical implications. The results of this study provide a methodological basis for improving the methodology of estimating the value of human capital. The analysed approaches can be used at different levels of the national economy (macro-, meso- and micro-) by different organisational structures for further management decisions.

Background & aim: The usage of the Partograph assists to identify deviations from normal labour progression and supports prompt and effective intervention, which is crucial to help saving the lives of women. This study assessed Partograph utilization and its determinants among health care workers in Dessie town, North East Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional study with an institutional focus was conducted in Dessie Town from December 2016 to March 2017. 267 healthcare workers were selected by systematic random sampling method. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software (version 25.0) using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression.Results: Despite the fact that 64% of respondents reported that they routinely used a partograph to monitor the progress of labour, actual partograph usage in the study area was quite low (29%) and fell below the WHO standard by one third. In this study, level of specialization (MSc/specialist) (AOR = 3.52, 95% CI=1.03, 11.98), training on partograph (AOR = 3.63, 95% CI=1.45, 9.09), number of staffs assigned per shift (>2) (AOR=2.12, 95% CI=1.58, 4.11), having good knowledge (AOR = 1.68, 95%CI = 1.21, 3.02) and favourable attitude towards partograph utilization (AOR = 2.00, 95%CI = 1.25, 5.31) were significantly associated with utilization of parthograph at p