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Relevance. During the formation of cabbage heads, under certain conditions, white cabbage is damaged by a burn of the top of the inner leaves of the head, which abroad received the stable name “tip burn”. This disorder is interpreted as a physiological or non-infectious disease, the cause of which is a violation of calcium intake. The disease manifests itself inside the cabbage head, resulting from the interaction of environmental stress factors and the predisposed genotype. The most effective way to combat this disorder is to develop highly tolerant hybrids. This is especially true for the south of Russia, where the stress load on plants is maximum.Purpose of the study – to develop a principle for selecting parental pairs for developing hybrids that are resistant to the tip burn of the inner leaves of a cabbage head, and to identify promising hybrids. Materials and methods. In 2021-2022 in FSBSI "Federal Scientific Rice Centre", in the department of vegetable growing, 45 hybrid combinations obtained on the basis of 10 inbred lines were assessed under field conditions for the trait "burn damage to the inner leaves of the cabbage head." An analysis of the combining ability of lines according to Griffin, and an analysis of the inheritance of the trait according to Heiman were carried out. In 2023, a competitive test of promising hybrids was carried out.Results. In both years of research, 5 lines had negatively stable TCA for burn damage: Ten4270, Yas25p, Bs1f, Agr 82, 270Hn111. SCA of lines is more subject to changes from year to year. The effects of SCA in hybrids due to dominance, epistasis and overdominance in individual combinations significantly influence the manifestation of the trait in the direction of decrease or increase. The principle of selecting parental pairs to develop stable hybrids is based on a combination of lines with a negative SCA value; in some cases, it is permissible to include one line with an average SCA and low SCA. Analysis of genetic parameters according to Heiman confirms the prevalence of non-additive inheritance of the lesion; in unstable forms, the disorder is controlled by dominant polygenes and is highly heritable.

The purpose of the current study was to determine the quantitative and qualitative indicators of seeds of pea samples. The study was carried out in the southern part of the Rostov region in the fields of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2021–2023. The objects of research were 12 pea samples developed by the ARC “Donskoy”. The zoned variety ‘Aksaisky Usatiy 5’ was used as a standard. Quality characteristics of peas, such as protein percentage in seeds and their ability to boil soft, are highly dependent on environmental conditions and often have a negative correlation with seed productivity. One of the goals in pea breeding is to change this inverse correlation between productivity and seed quality. The mean productivity of the varieties and lines in the Competitive Variety Testing through the years of study was 3.66 t/ha on average. The standard ‘Aksai Usatiy 5’ (3.46 t/ha) was reliably exceeded by such varieties and lines as ‘G-1181’ (4.17 t/ha), ‘Kazak’ (4.02 t/ha), ‘AKM’ (3.99 t/ha), ‘G-1313’ (3.80 t/ha). The samples with the highest protein percentage (second quality class, 22.0–25.0 %) were ‘Aksaysky Usatiy 5’ (23.7 %), ‘Skif’ (24.4 %), ‘Kazak’ (23.1 %), ‘AKM’ (23.6 %), ‘G-1141’ (24.3 %), ‘G-1172’ (25.0 %), ‘G-1181’ (22.3 %). The mean boiling time was 75 minutes. The minimum boiling time was 63 minutes for the varieties ‘Aksaisky Usatiy 5’, ‘Skif’, 65 minutes for the line ‘G-1234’ and 70 minutes for the line ‘G-1288’. The mean coefficient of the ability to boil soft over the years of study was 2.20, varying from 1.92 to 2.61. The mean protein yield over the years of study was 0.85 t/ha. The varieties ‘Kazak’ (0.94 t/ha), ‘AKM’ (0.93 t/ha) and breeding lines ‘G-1181’ (0.93 t/ha), ‘G-1313’ (0.90 t/ha) showed the best indicators. The maximum values of protein yield were identified at maximum productivity of 4.2–4.3 t/ha and 23.5–24.0% of protein in seeds.

The current paper has presented the results of an analysis of promising winter barley lines and varieties developed by the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” to select valuable genotypes for breeding programs. The basis for the analysis of the studied samples was the methodology for a comprehensive estimation of breeding results, developed by the researchers from the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” and the FSBEI HE DSTU. The study was conducted at the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2021–2023. Sowing was carried out in 6-fold repetition, the local variety ‘Timofey’ was taken as a standard. There have been analyzed 14 economically valuable traits, identified as the most significant according to the methodology for a comprehensive estimation of barley breeding identifiers. The purpose of the current study was to conduct a comparative estimation of breeding winter barley lines according to the most significant traits for the selection of promising samples. The studied varieties and lines were ranked according to a set of traits and properties into three groups, such as promising, not very promising, and unpromising. The promising group included the new varieties ‘Step’ and ‘Alabai’, sent to the State study in 2, 5, 6 and 8 regions of the Russian Federation in 2022 and 2023, respectively, as well as the lines ‘Parallelum 2015’, ‘Parallelum 2136’, ‘Pallidum 2100’ and ‘Bezosty 2074’, characterized by high indicators of a complex of basic economically valuable characteristics and properties. These samples are being planned to send to the State Commission of the Russian Federation for Testing and Protection of Breeding Achievements.

Currently, in our country there is growing interest in the cultivation of high-tech pea varieties, which are characterized by uniform maturity, high productivity, and lodging resistance. Thus, breeding for lodging resistance is one of the most important criteria in pea breeding programs. The purpose of the current study was to search for anatomical indicators that could serve as a criterion when selecting pea samples for lodging resistance. The field trials were carried out in the fields of the laboratory for legumes breeding and seed production, the laboratory study was conducted in the laboratory for cell breeding of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in 2022–2023. The estimation of lodging resistance was carried out on 22 pea samples of the regional and foreign breeding. The studied samples differed in plant height, morpho-anatomical features of a stem structure, and lodging resistance. Based on the results of estimating an anatomical structure of a pea stem, there were identified such samples with a complex of traits (number of bundles, ratio of a number of bundles to stem tissues) as ‘Lu-153-06’, ‘G-1234’, ‘G-1193’, ‘G-1288’, ‘AKM’, ‘G-1313’, ‘Flagman 10’, ‘G-1313’. The analysis of correlations between anatomical indicators and field resistance to lodging has shown a high positive correlation with a stem height (r = 0.78±0.14), a mean negative correlation with a plant height (r = -0.66±0.17), and a mean positive correlation with a number of vascular bundles (r = 0.69±0.16). The experimental results allow concluding that the estimation of lodging resistance based on an anatomical structure of a pea stem is effective and can serve as a tester for lodging resistance.

The article presents the results of a comparative study of the milk productivity and reproductive ability of the first-calf cows of the black-and-white Holstein breed in the context of genealogical lines. The initial material was information from the primary zootechnical and breeding records of cows (n = 3211). For comparative analysis, groups of animals were formed in accordance with their linear affiliation: the first group – individuals of the Vis Beck Ideal 1013415 line, the second – the Montwick Chieftain 95679 line, the third – the Reflection Sovering 0198998 line. It was found that the animals of the V. B. Ideal line differed in the highest coefficient of lactation (1363 kg) and the coefficient of lactation constancy (93.2 %). According to the level of milk yield between the groups, the differences were not significant. Cows of the R. Covering line had the best indicators of reproductive ability. They had the lowest age of first fruitful insemination (16.7 months) and calving (26.8 months), as well as the shortest interbody period (13.4 months). They also outperformed the animals of the compared lines in terms of reproductive ability (0.91) and fertility index (46.3). In terms of calf yield per 100 heads (82.8 %), the best were cows of the M. Chieftain line. In all lines, positive correlation coefficients were obtained between milk yield and service and interbody periods (+0.237...+0.278), which indicate that with an increase in milk yield, the duration of service and interbody periods increases, and this indicates a process of deterioration in the reproductive abilities of cows. Cows were evaluated according to the fertility index (according to I. Dokhi). It was found that cows with a rating of "good" fertility, compared with animals rated "medium" and "low", had lower milk yield, shortened duration of the service period and increased reproductive ability. The line of R. Sovering was distinguished by the largest number of cows (56.9 % heads) with good reproductive ability, the average value of the fertility index was 51.2. The presence of low negative correlation coefficients between the fertility index and milk yield, against the background of an increase in milk yield, indicates a decrease in the fertility of cows.

Dihaploid lines, or lines obtained on the basis of doubled haploids, are a valuable material for the creation of high-heterosis corn hybrids. The most eff ective method of evaluating the starting material when selecting parental couples for obtaining hybrids is diallell analysis. The article presents the results of the analysis of indicators of 6 dihaploid corn lines and 30 simple corn hybrids of the dialle scheme. The combinative ability of lines along the stem length, the cob attachment height, and the panicle length was studied. The eff ects of the GCA and SCA dispersion, as well as the components of genetic dispersion for the above characteristics were revealed. Lines with high GCA and SCA rates were identifi ed. The variation of the indicators of combinative ability during the years of the study indicates that the degree of strength of the eff ects of GCA and the dispersion of SCA morphometric parameters in certain lines varies to some extent under the infl uence of growing conditions. The analysis of the components of genetic dispersion showed that, depending on the growing conditions, the formation of stem length was infl uenced by 1 to 3, cob height by 1 to 3, and panicle length by 1 to 2 genes or groups of genes. A pattern has been revealed: in more favorable conditions in 2021 and 2023, the number of genes that control the manifestation of the stem length and the panicle length traits increases. A signifi cant impact of dominance components (H1 , H2 ) has been established. Dominance in stem length, ear height and panicle length is directed towards the parental forms with greater expression of the trait.

In the conditions of the Ryazan region, adaptive properties and ecological plasticity of 8 breeding lines of spring soft wheat (standard Agatha variety) were studied in 2020–2023 according to the "yield" trait using diverse statistical methods. Ecological plasticity (bi), stability (σ2d ), index of environmental conditions (Ij) were determined by S. A. Eberhart, W. A. Russell, variation – by B. A. Dospekhov, stress resistance and genetic flexibility – by A. A. Rossielle, J. Hemblin, index of ecological plasticity – by A. A. Gryaznov, indicator the level of the variety yield stability – according to E. D. Nettevich, homeostaticity (Hom ), breeding value (Sc) – according to V. V. Hangildin, relative stability, stability criterion – according to N. A. Sobolev, multiplicativity (KM) – according to V. A. Dragavtsev. It has been established that the yield level is mostly influenced by the factor "environment" – 51.5 %, the contribution of the factor "genotype" is 11.5 %. The average yield in the experiment was 5.19 t/ha, favorable conditions in 2022 (Ij = 0.50) allowed the yield to be 17.9 % higher than in 2021 (Ij = -0.52). Lines 2-17 (6.24 t/ha) and 21-17 (6.05 t/ha) had high yields, their genetic flexibility index was 5.58 and 5.41 t/ha, respectively. Lines 1-17, 465-17 and 531-17 had the highest resistance to stress (-0.63, -1.00), they are characterized by high yield stability (σ2d = 0.27–0.65) and the least decrease in it under adverse conditions. Strong responsiveness to changes in environmental conditions was noted for lines 290-17, 2-17 and 21-17: bi – 1.25–1.29, KM – 2.22–2.27. According to the degree of homeostaticity, line 1-17 was distinguished (Sc – 4.63, PUSS – 212, Hom – 18.3), these indicators exceeded the average values by 10.2 %, 81.0 abs. %, 98.9 %, respectively. According to the results of the integrated assessment by the ranking method, breeding lines 1-17; 465-17 and 21-17 showed varying degrees of adaptability, environmental stability, homeostaticity and had a high rating. The lowest rating in terms of the sum of the ranks of adaptability and plasticity parameters was obtained by the standard Agate variety.

[Objective] As a new type of rail transit, the embedded medium-low speed maglev system relies on non-contact support for vehicle and track systems, and the vehicle running mechanism is embedded within the track beam. Therefore, it is crucial to study the values of the minimum curve radius in the planar layout, considering the vehicle-track matching principles and the structural characteristics of both vehicle and track beam, to support engineering design. [Method] The characteristics of embedded medium-low speed maglev systems are introduced, together with the basic principles for determining the values of the planar minimum curve radius. Based on the theory of vehicle ride dynamics, passenger comfort standards and the determination of planar minimum curve radius for embedded medium-low speed maglev lines are analyzed. [Result & Conclusion] Under a constant train operating speed, the planar minimum curve radius mainly depends on the allowable values of the transverse slope angle and the unbalanced centrifugal acceleration. Referring to the test results of other rail transit systems, relevant standards, and the actual construction and operation of conventional medium-low speed maglev systems worldwide, it is suggested that the maximum transverse slope angle should not exceed 8°, and the maximum unbalanced centrifugal acceleration should be no more than 0.4 m/s2 in general and 0.6 m/s2 under challenging conditions. For an embedded medium-low speed maglev system designed with a speed of 200 km/h, the recommended values for the planar minimum curve radius are generally 1 800 m and 1 600 m under normal and challenging conditions, respectively.

Abstract According to the expression of miRNA in pathological processes, miRNAs can be divided into oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Prediction of the regulation relations between miRNAs and small molecules (SMs) becomes a vital goal for miRNA-target therapy. But traditional biological approaches are laborious and expensive. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a computational model. In this study, we proposed a computational model to predict whether the regulatory relationship between miRNAs and SMs is up-regulated or down-regulated. Specifically, we first use the Large-scale Information Network Embedding (LINE) algorithm to construct the node features from the self-similarity networks, then use the General Attributed Multiplex Heterogeneous Network Embedding (GATNE) algorithm to extract the topological information from the attribute network, and finally utilize the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) algorithm to predict the regulatory relationship between miRNAs and SMs. In the fivefold cross-validation experiment, the average accuracies of the proposed model on the SM2miR dataset reached 79.59% and 80.37% for up-regulation pairs and down-regulation pairs, respectively. In addition, we compared our model with another published model. Moreover, in the case study for 5-FU, 7 of 10 candidate miRNAs are confirmed by related literature. Therefore, we believe that our model can promote the research of miRNA-targeted therapy.

There has been presented a three-year estimation of winter durum wheat samples developed by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” sown after various forecrops according to such indicators as productivity, protein and gluten content, SDS-sedimentation, grain hardness. The purpose of the study was to estimate productivity and grain quality of promising winter durum wheat varieties and lines sown after various forecrops in the conditions of the southern part of the Rostov region. The research material included 12 samples sown after peas, maize for grain and sunflower, and in green-manured fallow. The variety ‘Kristalla’ was used as a standard. As a study result (2020–2022), there was found that the mean grain productivity of winter durum wheat varieties and lines of was ranked as follows: 8.60 t/ha when sown in green-manured fallow; 6.55 t/ha when sown after peas; 6.38 t/ha when sown after maize for grain; 4.57 t/ha when sown after sunflower. The maximum mean productivity according to forecrops was shown by two winter durum wheat varieties ‘Yakhont’ (6.98 t/ha) and ‘Lakomka’ (6.96 t/ha). According to the forecrops, the protein percentage in grain varied from 13.79 to 14.71 %, which corresponded to the first quality class, the gluten content was 25.7–27.8 % (class 2). There has been revealed that 25 % of the samples had very strong SDS-sedimentation, 67 % had strong and 8 % had an average one. According to grain hardness, there have been identified such samples as ‘Kristella’ (92 %); ‘Yakhont’ and ‘Almaz Dona’ (87 %); ‘Lakomka’ and ‘483/17’ (85 %).

Prolonged vegetation and changes in weather and climatic conditions according to seasons and vegetation periods result in the loss of sainfoin plants and a decrease in productivity of forage and seeds. The identification of new varieties with high adaptability to the agroclimatic conditions of a particular region of their cultivation, the study of patterns of changes in various economic traits according to a year of life will allow selecting more productive and adapted lines and forms of sainfoin plants. The purpose of current paper was to present the study of plant density of sainfoin varieties and new lines during 3 years of life according to their productivity. The study was carried out in the laboratory for breeding and seed production of perennial grasses of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center «Donskoy». The objects of study in the nursery for preliminary variety testing were 3 varieties and 6 lines of sandy sainfoin that were promising for feed and seed productivity. Conditions in the south of the Rostov region made it possible to obtain seedlings with a plant density of 309–313 pcs/m2 with a field seed germination rate of 75.2–80.2 %. In the second year of sowing, the plant stand density varied from 198 pcs/m2 to 251 pcs/m2. With such plant density there has been formed a dry mass yield of 6.41–7.17 t/ha. In the third year, the plant density compared to the previous year decreased significantly and varied from 109 pcs/m2 to 127 pcs/m2, while the dry mass yield was formed at 6.25–7.13 t/ha. The number of gen erative shoots in the studied varieties and lines varied over the years from 981 pcs/m2 to 1244 pcs/m2 in the second year, while the seed productivity of the best lines was 0.90–0.95 t/ha, and from 415 pcs/m2 to 525 pcs/m2 in the third year of life, while the best lines had a seed yield of 0.85–1.09 t/ha.

The article presents the results of a three-year study (2020-2022) of 16 varieties and 17 breeding lines of spring soft wheat bred by the Federal Scientific Center for Bast Fiber Crops in the soil and climatic conditions of the Penza region. The crop productivity in the experiment varied between 1.77-4.15 t/ha. Seven samples demonstrated the highest productivity: Nastavnik, Eritrospermum 70/04-3, Irvita, Sensei, Eritrospermum 20/08-7, Lutestsens 1/12-19, Eritrospermum 15/08-4, which exceeded the standard variety Arkhat by 0.27-0.71 t/ha. During the studies the yield was related to the average variable trait (CV =11.9-19.5 %). The variation of the duration of the growing season of the studied spring wheat samples averaged 81-93 days. It was shorter in 2021 (from 67 to 80 days), the longest in 2022 (from 91 to 100 days). The height of spring soft wheat plants in the studies was a low-variable feature (CV = 3.4-8.5 %) and averaged 82.1-100.2 cm over the years. The ear grain content varied from 18 pieces in the Erythrospermum 25/08-11-18 in 2022 up to 40 pieces in the Nastavnik variety in 2021. The trait was medium-variable (CV = 11.3-18.5 %). The highest average productivity of an ear was noted in 2022 – 1.08 g, and the lowest in 2020 – 0.92 g. The high mass of grain per ear was noted in Nastavnik variety – 1.40 g, Eritrospermum 70/04-3 – 1,38 g, Irvita – 1.35 g, which were characterized by high yield. Eritrospermum 70/04-3, Eritrospermum 20/08-7 and Irvita selected by the genotype productivity were characterized by bulky grains of 40.6-43.2 g. A significant correlation was observed between the yield and the grain weight per plant (r = 0.908...0.924, P≤0.001). The studied patterns can be used in ecological breeding of soft spring wheat.

Introduction Tomato is a self-pollinated crop and has a high potential for heterosis production. Tomato has a wide range of diversity in terms of vegetative and fruit traits. Therefore, learning information about the genetics of the tomato plant and the inheritance of its various traits to the next generation will help plant breeders to use appropriate breeding methods to improve them. One of the methods that is used to know the genetic structure of plants, identify parental lines and determine their combining ability is line × tester analysis. Line × tester analysis provides information about general and specific combining of parents and can be useful in estimating different types of gene effects such as additive and non-additive effects. In most of the developed countries, many researches have been done in relation to hybrid production and combining ability among tomato lines, and sometimes the inferred results are different from each other. In Iran, few studies have been done about crossing cultivars and their hybrids, and most of the seeds used by farmers are imported from other countries. Therefore, this study intends to evaluate genetic variance components, general and specific combining ability of some quantitative traits in a number of tomato lines and testers and their hybrids by using line × tester analysis. Materials and Methods This research was conducted in Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mazandaran Province, Iran in 2022. Two modified cultivars SC and V as lines and three modified cultivars L, R and MZ as testers were crossed with each other to create F1 hybrids. Six F1 genotypes and their parents (11 treatments in total) were cultivated in the farm in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The evaluated traits included the number of days to the first flowering, earliness, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight per plant (g), fruit yield (g), fruit length and width (cm). In order to analyze the variance of the experimental design to search for diversity between treatments, to separate the effects of treatments into their components based on line × tester analysis, to mean comparison with Duncan's test, and also to calculate the general and specific combining ability, R statistical software was used. Also, in order to calculate additive and non-additive variances, Singh and Chaudhary's method was used. Results and Discussion The results of line × tester variance analysis showed that the mean squares of parents and testers were significant for all traits except fruit length and width, and the mean squares of crosses and lines were significant for all traits except fruit length. The effect of line × tester was significant for all traits except the number of fruits per plant and fruit length. The line of SC to improve the number of days to first flowering, earliness, plant height, fruit weight per plant, and fruit width, and the line of V to improve the number of fruit per plant were the best general combiners with testers. The tester of L for improve all traits except yield, and the tester of MZ for improve plant height were the best general combiners with the maternal lines. Among the crosses, the SC×L cross for improve earliness and fruit width, and the SC×R and V×MZ crosses for improve plant height and fruit weight per plant, respectively, were favorable specific combiners. The mean comparison of the genotypes for some important traits showed that among the parental cultivars, the line of SC and among the crosses, the SC×L genotype had the lowest means for the number of days to first flowering and earliness. Also, the line of SC for the number of fruits per plant and the SC×L genotype for fruit weight per plant, yield and fruit width had the highest means. Also, the estimation of additive and non-additive variances indicated that in plant height and fruit weight per plant traits, additive variance plays the main role. While for the traits of the number of days to first flowering, earliness and yield, the contribution of non-additive variance was more than the additive variance. Conclusion According to the results obtained from this study, in future projects it is recommended to use parents that have significant general combining ability (GCA) for traits. Because such parents easily transfer the trait to their next generation. In this way, the line of SC was a good general combiner for the number of days to first flowering, earliness, plant height, fruit weight per plant and fruit width, and the line of V was a good general combiner for the number of fruits per plant. Among the testers, the tester of L was a good general combiner for improve the number of days to first flowering, earliness, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight per plant, and fruit width, and the tester of MZ recorded a high GCA for the plant height. Also, for the improvement of earliness and fruit width, the SC×L cross and for plant height and fruit weight per plant, SC×R and V×MZ crosses were favorable specific combiner. Mean comparison of genotypes showed that the SC×L cross is superior to its parents for the number of days to first flowering, earliness, fruit weight per plant, fruit yield, and fruit length and width. The traits of plant height and fruit weight per plant are more affected by additive variance, so the best breeding method to improve plant height and fruit weight per plant is selection from among the segregating population. The traits of number of days to first flowering, earliness and yield were affected by non-additive variance, so hybrid production is recommended to improve the mentioned traits.

Basil is a culinary herb in high demand all year round, either fresh, dried, or frozen. Field basil crops are commercially predominant, while greenhouse crops can cover the demand for fresh basil during the off-season. The leaf aspect of basil has great importance for the food industry, and a great diversity of genotypes has been created. The aim of this research was to conduct a comparative characterization of 12 basil genotypes (green and purple leaf) that present interest for breeding programs from a national germplasm collection. The study examines the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments in basil cultivated in field versus greenhouse conditions as indicators of plant performance and herb quality from the perspective of ensuring fresh plant material all year round. The experimental median indicated that photosynthetic leaf pigments accumulated in higher concentrations in the field relative to the greenhouse conditions, in descending order: β-carotene, lutein, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b. The trend was not as consistent for chlorophyll b, since four out of twelve genotypes presented higher levels in the greenhouse than in the field, while the overall values were not much lower in the greenhouse than the field (16.82%). All genotypes accumulated much higher carotenoid contents in field conditions relative to greenhouse conditions (>200%) and could also provide better nutritional advantages given their demonstrated health benefits. The differences in photosynthetic leaf pigments have both nutritional (the carotenoids), shelf-life, and processing relevance (chlorophylls) and serve as quality markers.

Maize is a cereal crop essential to fulfill the need for food and support global food security programs. Maize hybrid varieties play a very significant role in increasing maize production. Objectives of the research were to obtain a tester, which is consistent in identifying inbred lines with a high specific combining ability, and to obtain prospective crossed-hybrids that have the potential assembling to be maize hybrid varieties. The grain yield showed that the specific combining ability values ranged from -3682.2 to 5251.7. Crosses that have high and positive specific combining ability included lines of JG-11, JG-18, JG-34, JG-01, JG-40, JG-B0, JG-19, and JG-02 with a tester of JG-T00; lines of JG-20, JG-01, JG-03, JG-42, JG-02, JG-46, and tester of JG-T14; lines of JG-24, JG-08, JG-23, JG-26, JG-21, JG-07, and JG-06 with a tester of JG-T15; lines of JG-38, JG-40, JG-35, JG-36, JG-01, JG-51, JG-17, JG-B0, and JG-08 with tester of JG-T22; and lines of JG-07, JG-01, JG-26, JG-24, and JG-18 with tester of JG-T37. There were combinations of 9 crosses between inbred lines and the best testers, including JG-06XJG-T15, JG-51XJG-T22, JG-49XJG-T22, JG-B0XJG-T22, JG-35XJG-T22, JG-38XJG-T22, JG-17XJG-T22, JG-36XJG-T22, and JG-49XJG-37, which are potential as prospective maize hybrids that have high productivity.

The current paper has presented the results of winter common wheat, studied in the nursery of the Competitive Variety Testing in the forest-steppe zone of the Penza region for 2016–2020. The purpose of the study was to estimate breeding lines of winter common wheat of the Competitive Variety Testing according to the main economic and biological traits and to identify samples with a complex of economically valuable traits and properties, in which the productivity level is stably maintained. The objects of the study were 35 winter common wheat lines developed by the FSBSI “Federal Research Center of Fiber Crops”. The zoned variety of winter common wheat ‘Fotinya’ was used as a standard one. The productivity of winter common wheat lines in the competitive variety testing ranged from 4.31 t/ha (the line ‘Erythrospermum 17/01-1-08’) to 4.85 t/ha (the line ‘Erythrospermum 12/00-16-04’). According to productivity, the standard variety ‘Fotinya’ significantly exceeded 13 lines, the increase of which ranged from 0.37 to 0.92 t/ha, НСР05 = 0.24 t/ha. During the study period, there was carried out a comprehensive estimation of winter common wheat lines to identify the best of them as carriers of economically valuable traits, which can promote developing new highly productive varieties with a high level of adaptability to the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. The lines ‘Erythrospermum 12/00-16-04’, ‘Erythrospermum 29/03-2-06’, ‘Erythrospermum 21/00-3-08’, ‘Erythrospermum 18/04-3-08’, ‘Erythrospermum 17/01-7-08’ are of great interest for breeding, since they have been distinguished by a set of indicators (with a mean yield of 4.38–4.85 t/ha, more than 90 % of winter resistance, early maturity, 9 points of resistance to lodging, natural grain weight of 767–780 g/l, 86–90 % of kernel hardiness, 28.2–32.2 % of gluten in grain, 14.8–17.1 % of protein in grain). The selected lines have been recommended for inclusion in breeding programs for the development of highly productive winter common wheat genotypes.

Plant breeding is an endless conveyor belt: cultivars developed earlier are included in hybridization plans and become the sources for new ones. The main tasks in barley improvement through breeding include raising the productivity of cultivars, improving their quality, and strengthening disease resistance. Correct selection, use, and studying of the source material – that is the key to successful breeding efforts. The first and most important step in constructing a cultivar is the process of hybridization. A valuable source of aid, and often the basis for newly developed cultivars, is the global collection of VIR, whose importance can hardly be overestimated. From 1936 to 2021, 27 barley cultivars were released: they are widely cultivated in Russia and Kazakhstan. Of these, 19 cultivars were obtained by pair hybridization; 4 cultivars by the complex stepwise hybridization technique; 4 cultivars through individual selection using the population approach. Despite the high importance of germplasm collection materials, 21 cultivars were produced by hybridization using a genotype selected at Omsk as one of the parental forms: in 16 cultivars, a local genotype was used as a maternal parent; in 12, as a paternal one; and in 8 cultivars, both parent forms were bred at Omsk Agricultural Scientific Center. Our retrospective analysis of a number of Omsk spring barley cultivars, on the one hand, confirms the earlier conclusions of Siberian scientists about a limited number of base crop cultivars, and on the other, attests to very rich pedigrees of spring barley cultivars in terms of the number of parent forms from the VIR global collection. Siberian barley ecotypes, characterized by increased adaptability to local harsh climate factors, should be further preserved in the national crop germplasm repository at VIR.

This essay contextualizes the phenomenon of selfies depicting women’s bodies as spirally twisted figures. We do so through several interconnected excursions into Renaissance Neoplatonism, Michelangelo’s work, William Hogarth’s theory of beauty, 19th century hygienic discourse, and Baudrillard’s analysis of the inversion of soul-body dualism, in order to finally expose these figures as unique heirs of the Renaissance figura serpentinata.

The objectives of this study are to mirror the fruitful activity of the plastic artist Dumitru Trifan in the field of satirical graphics by highlighting the particularities of the graphic sheets signed by him. As a result of extensive analysis, it is noted that the plastic artist Dumitru Trifan has excelled in the field of caricature for several decades. Thus, the protagonist, together with other established cartoonists, intensively publishes ironic and humorous cartoons on the pages of the most famous periodicals, such as the magazines Scînteia Leninistă and Femeia Moldovei and the satire and humor magazine Chiparuş. At the same time, at the beginning of the 1980s of the last century, as an illustrator for the weekly Literatura si Arta, Dumitru Trifan elaborates and publishes an impressive number of caricatures on the pages of this newspaper. I am constantly amazed by how these scenarios are twisted from reality and how boldly the crises' core is handled. Dumitru Trifan practiced a vast thematic spectrum through which he brought to the fore the relations between spouses and those between the working man and the bureaucrat; he also presented humorously but also sarcastically the images of the chilling and the trickster, of irresponsible people, and others. Thus, the artist is sometimes sarcastic in the distortion of the image and sometimes cordial and kind to the character or landscape. And the tonal stain, like an arbitrary game, is intense and expressive.

Background. Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the world’s main food crops. In Russia, its gross harvest in recent years has reached 21.079 million tons. Blumeria graminis is one of the most harmful diseases of bread wheat. Annual harvest losses can reach 10–30%. In Leningrad Province, powdery mildew appears almost every year on cereals. Development of cultivars resistant to powdery mildew is the most important trend in spring bread wheat breeding. Its progress is determined by new sources of effective resistance genes and their incorporation into promising spring bread wheat cultivars. The purpose of this work was to retest the seedling and adult resistance to powdery mildew in spring bread wheat accessions selected over a period of more than twenty years and redefine the effectiveness of disease resistance sources at the present time.Materials and methods. Since 2000, VIR has conducted a search for powdery mildew resistance among 1283 spring bread wheat accessions. The identified 36 sources of adult and seedling powdery mildew resistance were reevaluated in 2022. Field and laboratory studies into the resistance to the pathogen were performed according to VIR’s guidelines.Results and discussion. In 2022, field and laboratory studies of spring bread wheat cultivars revealed accessions with resistance to the pathogen in all phases of plant development. Six sources remained resistant to powdery mildew for 13–22 years, another six showed resistance for 7–12 years, and 8 cultivars were immune for 6 years. Resistance of 9 accessions identified for this trait in 2020 was confirmed.Conclusion. Field and laboratory research into the resistance of spring bread wheat accessions to the pathogen identified sources retaining seedling and adult resistance to the Leningrad population of powdery mildew for 7 years or more. These accessions are recommended for use in wheat breeding programs.

The breeding of high-yielding sunflower varieties and hybrids requires the use of parent material with considerable genetic diversity. It can be identified using molecular genetic markers. The purpose of this study was the genotyping of sunflower lines bred by V. S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK), developed in different ecological areas of cultivation, and to evaluate their genetic diversity using microsatellite loci. For the studies conducted in 2020-2022, there were used 23 lines from the Central experimental base (СEB), 17 lines from L.A. Zhdanov Don experimental station (DES), and 10 lines from the Armavir experimental station (AES). DNA was isolated from seedlings by the CTAB method. Samples were genotyped using 12 SSR markers. PCR products were separated in 8 % denaturing polyacrylamide gel or by capillary electrophoresis in a genetic analyzer. The main indicators of genetic diversity for all collections did not differ significantly from each other, and were moderate and increased in the collections of VNIIMK: AES – DES – CEB -the joint collection. In total there have been identified 37 alleles, an average 3.083 alleles per locus. The effective number of alleles ranged from 1.094 to 3.290 with an average value of 2.154. The values of the polymorphic information content (PIC) index ranged from 0.084 to 0.651, with an average of 0.434. The values of observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from zero to 0.071, 0.030, on average, and from 0.086 to 0.696, 0.500, on average, respectively. The number of shared alleles between different collections was 23. Molecular variation analysis revealed that most of the total variance (91 %) was due to differences between lines within each collection and 3 % to differences between collections. According to the results of the cluster analysis, the maternal lines from the collections of the CEB, DES, and AES of VNIIMK were mostly grouped into a cluster or subcluster separate from the paternal ones. The obtained results indicate a moderate genetic diversity of the studied sunflower lines of the breeding of VNIIMK and the existence of small differences between the collections.

The current paper has presented the study results of promising lines of sainfoin in the competitive variety testing. The purpose of the current study was to estimate the fodder, seed productivity and quality of the fodder mass of promising sainfoin lines for the introduction of the best of them into production and use in breeding. The study was carried out in the fields of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”. The objects of study were nine sainfoin varieties and promising lines. The standard was a sainfoin variety ‘Veles’. According to the study results, green mass productivity of the lines ‘Sin 2/2010’, ‘Sin 4/2010’ and ‘Sin 8/95’ was 30.1 t/ha, 30.1 t/ha and 30.3 t/ha, or on 7.9 % and 8.6 % higher than that of the standard variety ‘Veles’ (27.9 t/ha). On average, for 2 cycles, the seed productivity of the studied lines varied from 0.93 t/ha to 1.02 t/ha and was significantly higher than that of the standard variety (0.85 t/ha). On average, during two cycles, the lines ‘Sin 3/2010’ and ‘Sin 3/2004’ produced the largest seed yield (1.02 t/ha). The lines ‘Sin 13/93’ and ‘Sin 4/2010’, respectively, exceeded dry matter yield of the standard variety ‘Veles’ on 9.8% and 10.0%, and feed units per 1 ha on 14.6% and 14.8%. The lines ‘Sin 3/2010’, ‘Sin 3/2004’ and ‘Sin 13/93’ are going to be propagated in isolated plots for further study under production conditions

Lines are one of the most important and simple elements that a designer use in his work. Designs begin with planning and defining the various design elements. Lines gives the design work clarity and dynamic rhythm and defines the general form. It is in itself an expressive and aesthetic value. The architect and designer used it from ancient times until the present era to express sharp or flexible design ideas. The expressions and types of lines in the design may vary between radial and curved to reticular, straight and broken.Broken Lines appeared in the design in the ancient Islamic architecture to achieve design goals, which exist on the architectural level through the walls in the interior spaces and some design elements in the horizontal planes, and on the urban level through the refractions of the facades and the relationships of the buildings with each other.In the late eighties of the twentieth century, deconstructive architecture arose by the French philosopher Jacques Derrida, which relies on the idea of difference, highlighting contradictions and distance from everything that is old or inherited, while emphasizing what is strange in a shocking way of broken and fragmentation.Hence, the researcher was inspired by the idea of the research, which is the study of Broken Lines and the identification of Islamic and Deconstructive Architecture in which it appeared and how to use it as a means and tool in design and benefit from the aesthetics of Broken Lines in furniture design.

ABSTRACT The production of green maize is considerable important for various regions of Brazil. It is vital that breeding programs of public institutions seek to meet the needs of this market sector, which has a relevant social role, mainly on small properties. The aim of this study was to estimate the inbreeding depression and the genetic components (m + a and d) of characters associated with green maize production and quality in three populations of different genetic basis: the variety UFG-Samambaia (P1), and two populations formed by crossing the commercial hybrids (P2 e P3). The S1 progenies of each population, the three S0 populations, and two checks were evaluated in a 14 × 14 triple lattice design. Agronomic and ear quality traits were evaluated. Genetic variability and greater inbreeding depression were observed for most of the traits among the P1 progenies. In P2 and P3, greater inbreeding depression was observed for male flowering, ear weight without straw, ear diameter, ear weight, female flowering, breakage and lodging, and grain color. The traits of ear quality, important for green maize production, had greater inbreeding depression than the agronomic traits, indicating that inbreeding depression and exploitation of heterosis should be considered in the selection process for these traits.

Scientific relevance. Currently, in the protected ground, the main areas are occupied by parthenocarpic hybrids of cucumber of foreign origin. Therefore, the selection of domestic cucumber hybrids of the parthenocarpic type is very relevant.Material and conditions. The experience was laid in 2018-2022 in the Odintsovo district of the Moscow region in the conditions of a spring film ground greenhouse of the "Block" type on the basis of the head institution of the FSBSI FSVC. Agrotechnics of cultivation is generally accepted for the conditions of spring film greenhouses. In breeding nurseries where there were no bees, the degree of parthenocarpy was determined as the ratio of the fruit set to the number of female flowers formed on the plant, as a percentage. The records were carried out from the 5th to the 20th node inclusive, only on plants of the female type of flowering. On the basis of the laboratory of breeding and seed production of pumpkin crops, 27 collectible and more than 50 breeding samples of parthenocarpic cucumber were studied.Results. During three years of research, 7 hybrids of cucumber of the parthenocarpic type of foreign breeding were selected based on the sum of economically useful traits.These hybrids were distinguished by a high degree of parthenocarpy. With their participation, as a result of multiple selections and self-pollination, more than 50 breeding lines were created. Analysis of the obtained material showed that the degree of manifestation of parthenocarpy on the plant (the arithmetic mean between the indicators of parthenocarpy on the main and lateral shoots) in the best half of the samples in 2021 was in the range of 30-50%, whereas in 2022 it already reached 50-70%. The parthenocarpy severity coefficient above 70% was noted only in 2022 in 4% of samples. About half of the samples showed a fairly low parthenocarpy: in 2021 no more than 30%, and in 2022 no more than 50%. Most of them were rejected. The parthenocarpy of the best breeding samples in 2022, compared with 2021, increased by an average of 17.7%. Breeding lines obtained even from the same collection sample often differed greatly, sometimes by 4 times, in the degree of parthenocarpy. The families of the most stable parthenocarpy samples had differences on this basis in 2021 only 3-6%, and in 2022 – 10-11%. Families with the greatest severity of this trait were selected annually. It can be concluded that the degree of parthenocarpy in cucumber strongly depends on both the genotype of the sample and the growing conditions. 3 breeding lines were selected, characterized by high indicators of the degree of manifestation of parthenocarpy in 2021 (61.5-70.5%) and the stability of the manifestation of this trait by families and years.

Researches results of cows of the Ukrainian Red-and-White lifetime productivity dairy breed on traits of duration of economic use within the limits of an estimation of crossbred genotypes and genealogical for-mations are resulted. Reliable influence of the conditional share of Holstein breed heredity on the economic use duration and lifetime milk productivity of cows has been established. For the longest time in the herd, crossbred cows with Holstein bloodline of 25.0 % and crossbreeds with heredity of the parent breed up to 50.0 % were used. At the final stage of crossing in animals with blood ratio of 62.5-87.5 %, a noticeable re-duction in the duration of economic use was observed. Animals with Holstein bloodlines of 75.0 and 87.5% were inferior to groups of crossbred cows with heredity of 25.0 and 50.0% with reliable difference of 590 and 633 (P

Abstract The production of duck meat in the republic was previously based on the use of 4-5 lines and populations of the Beijing breed, where the Medeo cross lines (M-1 paternal and M2-maternal) were the most widespread. At the same time, many domestic lines and populations, such as the cross “Bishkulskaya Tsvetnaya”, “Kyzylzharsky”, whose livestock is concentrated in the Northern region, represent rich genetic material and can be used to create new crosses. This article describes the productive and breeding qualities of ducks of the local population in the Northern region of Kazakhstan, the data obtained make it possible for further purposeful breeding work to create, preserve highly productive poultry, providing highly efficient production of eggs and meat, adapted to both industrial conditions and conditions of keeping in small-scale and farms. On the basis of “Bishkul Poultry Farm” LLP, we obtained results on the assessment of productive and breeding indicators of ducks of the local population.

Accurate observation of two or more particles within a very narrow time window has always been a challenge in modern physics. It creates the possibility of correlation experiments, such as the ground-breaking Hanbury Brown–Twiss experiment, leading to new physical insights. For low-energy electrons, one possibility is to use a Microchannel plate with subsequent delay lines for the readout of the incident particle hits, a setup called a Delay Line Detector. The spatial and temporal coordinates of more than one particle can be fully reconstructed outside a region called the dead radius. For interesting events, where two electrons are close in space and time, the determination of the individual positions of the electrons requires elaborate peak finding algorithms. While classical methods work well with single particle hits, they fail to identify and reconstruct events caused by multiple nearby particles. To address this challenge, we present a new spatiotemporal machine learning model to identify and reconstruct the position and time of such multi-hit particle signals. This model achieves a much better resolution for nearby particle hits compared to the classical approach, removing some of the artifacts and reducing the dead radius a factor of eight. We show that machine learning models can be effective in improving the spatiotemporal performance of delay line detectors.

Development of drought-tolerant spring barley varieties is one of the important breeding directions for resistance to abiotic stress factors. In order to solve this problem successfully, it is necessary to use in hybridization the varieties and lines with the highest tolerance. The main purpose of the current study was to estimate the effect of osmotic stress of different concentrations on seed germination and to evaluate the relative drought tolerance of spring barley varieties and lines. The study was carried out in the laboratory for plant physiology in 2018–2020. The estimation of drought tolerance of spring barley samples was carried out on 26 varieties and lines, bred in the ARC “Donskoy”, in the initial period of development. The laboratory experiments on the ability of spring barley seeds to germinate on a sucrose solution (imitation of a lack of moisture in the soil) make it possible to estimate drought tolerance of samples at the early stages of their development. There was studied an effect of a sucrose solution with an osmotic pressure of 3, 8, 10, 12, 14 atmospheres on the ability of seed germination. When increasing a concentration of the solution, there was a seed germination decrease in all genotypes. As a result of the study, there were the largest statistically significant differences (P > 0.95) of the samples under the concentration of the osmotic sucrose solution of 8 atmospheres, in comparison with the options of 3, 10, 12 and 14 atmospheres. There have been obtained the data on the relative drought tolerance of spring barley varieties and lines. The maximum indicators of seed germination under osmotic pressure of 8 atmospheres were registered among the samples ‘Zernogradsky 1716’ (91.1 %), ‘Zernogradsky 1717’ (85.9 %), ‘Zernogradsky 1719’ (84, 1%), ‘12545/18’ (80.2 %), ‘Zernogradsky 1701’ (78.9 %), ‘12551/18’ (72.9%), ‘12487/18’ (72.4%), ‘Zernogradsky 1724’ (70.6 %), ‘Zernogradsky 1721’ (69.8 %), ‘12525/18’ (69.2 %) in comparison with the standard variety ‘Ratnik’ (43.6 %). The identified samples can be used for further study of drought tolerance in the field.

The purpose of the research is a comprehensive assessment of promising lines of fiber flax according to the main agronomic traits and adaptability based on the results of breeding variety testing in the conditions of the North-Western region of the Russian Federation. The research was carried out in the conditions of Pskov region in 2016-2019 on sod-weakly podzolic light loamy well-cultivated soil. The hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) for the growing season was in 2016 – 1.98, in 2017 – 1.60, in 2018 – 0.95 and in 2019 – 1.44. Abiotic conditions of the year had the greatest significant impact at 5 % significance level on the formation of plant height (79.2 %), the yield of flax seeds (83.6 %), flax straw (78,0 %) and flax fiber (68.5 %), the duration of the growing season (58.3 %). The share of the genotype prevailed in the formation of the fiber content in the stem (75.0 %). Variability was greatest in the yield of flax seeds (CV = 26.4...34.1 %); mainly average ‒ in the yield of flax straw and flax fiber (CV = 11.3…21.5 %) and weak ‒ in other characteristics (CV = 1.5...10.5 %). Based on the results of the research according to the complex of agronomic traits, three best lines of practical interest have been identified: P-4382-3-2 f-3, P-4453 c-6 and P-4629 sh-1. All of them belong to early ripening (the growing season is 77...79 days), are resistant to lodging (4.1...4.7 points) and fusarium wilting (86.5...93.3 %), tall (78...81 cm), have the yield of flax straw (50.2...51 c/ha) and flax seeds (5.9...6.9 c/ha) at the level of standard variety Voskhod. They are characterized by high fiber content (35.9...39.6 %) and flax fiber yield (18.4...19.9 c/ha), exceeded the standard by 2.5...5.9 % (abs.) and 7.6...17 %, respectively. Based on a comprehensive assessment of the breeding material according to productivity and adaptability parameters, using the ranking principle, the same genotypes are the most adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the NorthWestern region, as having scored the lowest amounts of ranks. Their use in breeding programs will contribute to the development of new varieties that ensure high and stable yields of flax products of good quality.

This study aims to trace the line and to conduct a discussion about poetics as it arises from the trace or drawing of that line. The study, therefore, considers the act of drawing as a thinking practice and explores the dynamic relationship between “line”, “the act of drawing”, and “drawing” through sketches. This study is based on the qualitative research method that discusses the conceptual relationship between language and poetry. This relationship is crossed with not-language and not-poetry and is explained through the approach of “poetic emergence” and “poetic insight”. A sample analysis is made through the concepts of “dream, image, and affectivity”, which are generated from this approach. The study’s sample group is the selected sketches of Carlo Scarpa’s Castelvecchio Museum. These sketches have been evaluated using the content analysis technique. The tracking of the line reveals a personal journey that includes the image, dream, and affectivity. Although Scarpa’s dialogue with the designer of the Castelvecchio Museum sketches has ended, their dialogue with its observer continues. At the end of the sketches’ reading, one makes inferences on emotions. These emotions, which derive from an ambiguous world of dreams and images, have created moments of “poetic emergence”, while poetic emergence and its moments of emergence have created the “poetic understanding”, which is personally internalized. Since the moments of poetic emergence and understanding arose from each other, they have not been revealed themselves in a specific order, but in a reticulated cycle flowing into each other. Subjecting the study to a subjective evaluation process has created limitations in the context of the content of the qualitative research method. The study, which unfolds over the poetics, is valuable as it discusses the intangible dimensions of architecture through the line standing at the intersection of the material and the immaterial.

Aim: This study was carried out to investigate the physical meat quality properties of young and spent female quail of different genetic lines. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 random samples of fresh breast and leg meat of young and spent female quails from four genetic stock as pure line Paharaoh strain (Coturnix coturnix Pharaoh, wild type), recessive white (white) variety of Pharaoh quail, the yellow and black colored cross-line quails obtained by crossing Bob White quail (Colinus virginianus) and Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica). Results: There was significant effect of quail age on breast and leg meat pH (p Conclusion: In conclusion, black colored cross-line variety of quail and young birds had greater values of most meat quality characteristics than the other birds.

Topicality. Currently, we can use more effectively the initial material of the working collection due to targeting certain heterosis models. Information about the advantages of different heterotic models in cer- 14 Зернові культури. Том 6. № 1. 2022. С. 5–14 https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0201 tain cultivation areas makes it easier to search for successful combinations and the selection of promising initial material. Issues. Тo identify of the most promising heterotic models of maize hybrids developed with using lines of different genetic plasms, which characterized by high yields and low grain moisture content compared to standard hybrids adapted to cultivation in the Northern Steppe. Aim. To determine the economic value of maize hybrids developed with using different germplasm lines and the most promising heterotic models for each genoplasm group. To investigate how the plant growing conditions influence on economic valuable indicators of hybrids depending on their genetic origin. Materials and Methods. Visual Method was used for phenological observations; Field and Laboratory Method was used to determine of morphobiological characteristics of plants; Measuring Weight Method – to determine the plant yield and metric characteristics; Mathematical and Statistical Method – to determine the reliability of results, the trait variability indicators, correlation dependence of traits; Analysis of Variance (ANOVA); comprehensive assessment of morphobiological and economically valuable characteristics of inbred lines and hybrids based on different genetic plasms. Results. It was found that testcrosses based on the Lancaster x Iodent model were the most stable by grain yield. However, in the average of three years of research, the highest average level (6.31 t/ha) was recorded in Mixed x Lancaster testcrosses. It was selected testcrosses with a higher grain yield compared to standard hybrids, such as DK3044×DK315, DK3151×DK4454, DK3151×DK3155 and DK365×DK6356 which had a yield of 8.0; 7.59; 7.18; 7.17 t/ha, respectively. We observed the best ratio of yield to grain moisture content (harvest index RH/M) in hybrid combinations of Lancaster x Mixed. Conclusions. It was determined the best testcrosses according to the ratio of yield to grain moisture content: DK315C×DK3821 (Mixed×BSSS) – 0.51; DK633/325×DK365 (Mixed×Iodent) – 0.51; DK365× DK6356 (Iodent×Lancaster) – 0.51; DK3044×DK315 (Lancaster×Mixed) – 0.56; DK3151×DK3155 (BSSS×Mixed) – 0.55; DK633/325×DK3155 (Lancaster×Mixed), based on which are developing the midripening maize hybrids adapted to Steppe zone of Ukraine.

The article presents the results of studying the combination ability of new dihaploid maize lines created by diploidization of haploid plants obtained using a haploinducer line. The experiment involved simple hybrids (30 combinations) obtained according to the complete diallel scheme of 6 homozygous lines. The eff ects of GCA and variance of SCA lines, as well as the components of genetic variance in terms of the main morphometric parameters of the plant (stem length, ear height, panicle length, stem diameter, plant leaf surface area) were revealed. Lines with a high GCA score and a dispersion of SCA have been identifi ed, which are advisable to use in the breeding process for tall stature, resistance to lodging, and manufacturability. The infl uence of overdominance in the manifestation of the length of the panicle and the diameter of the stem and the predominance of additive eff ects in the formation of the height of the cob were noted. Analysis of the components made it possible to identify the number of genes or groups of genes that infl uenced the manifestation of traits in 2021 (stem length – 1–2, ear height – 2–3, panicle length – 1–2, stem diameter – 2–3, area of leaf surface – 1–2). Dominance according to the studied parameters is directed towards parental forms with a greater severity of the trait. A signifi cant infl uence of cultivation conditions on the manifestation of the length of the stem, the height of the cob, the length of the panicle, and the diameter of the stem was noted.

Abstract Background Protein–protein interaction (PPI) plays an important role in regulating cells and signals. Despite the ongoing efforts of the bioassay group, continued incomplete data limits our ability to understand the molecular roots of human disease. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a computational method to predict PPIs from the perspective of molecular system. Methods In this paper, a highly efficient computational model, MTV-PPI, is proposed for PPI prediction based on a heterogeneous molecular network by learning inter-view protein sequences and intra-view interactions between molecules simultaneously. On the one hand, the inter-view feature is extracted from the protein sequence by k-mer method. On the other hand, we use a popular embedding method LINE to encode the heterogeneous molecular network to obtain the intra-view feature. Thus, the protein representation used in MTV-PPI is constructed by the aggregation of its inter-view feature and intra-view feature. Finally, random forest is integrated to predict potential PPIs. Results To prove the effectiveness of MTV-PPI, we conduct extensive experiments on a collected heterogeneous molecular network with the accuracy of 86.55%, sensitivity of 82.49%, precision of 89.79%, AUC of 0.9301 and AUPR of 0.9308. Further comparison experiments are performed with various protein representations and classifiers to indicate the effectiveness of MTV-PPI in predicting PPIs based on a complex network. Conclusion The achieved experimental results illustrate that MTV-PPI is a promising tool for PPI prediction, which may provide a new perspective for the future interactions prediction researches based on heterogeneous molecular network.

The results of researches of domestic and foreign authors were summarized in the aspect of studying the problematic issues concerning the evaluation of dairy cows on the traits of duration economic use and lifetime productivity. The researchers reported that productive longevity traits of cows largely depended on hereditary (conditional bloodliness by the improving breed when crossing, intralinear and interlinear selection, linear breeding, the degree of inbreeding, the strength of influence breeding value of ancestors) and paratypical (age at the first calving, correlative variability between linear traits and longevity) factors. In most cases, an increase the share of heredity due to absorption crossing led to reduction in the duration of productive use and lifetime productivity of cows. When studying population genetic parameters, the authors of many studies confirmed the low level of heritability of longevity traits, which did not contribute to effective selection based on the duration of productive use and lifetime productivity. Analysis of the results of these studies confirmed that linear traits of the conformation type of dairy animals can be used as early indirect predictors of longevity. This conclusion was based on the high heritability of linear traits and existence of positive correlations between them and duration of productive life.

The purpose of the research is to identify the main elements of the crop structure that affect the productivity of spring barley in different weather conditions in the Ryazan region. Field studies were carried out in the nursery of the competitive variety trial in 2017-2021 on dark gray forest heavy loam soil. The best zoned double-row varieties of spring barley (Yaromir, Nadezhny, Znatny, Raphael, Lyuboyar) and 4 promising lines were used as the object of research. It has been established that there is a relationship between the elements of the structure of the spring barley yield: the formation of one of the elements can be compensated by a more significant development of the other. In conditions of severe drought (НТС = 0.58-0.70), the greatest positive correlation of yield with the length of the ear (r = +0.437) and the number of grains in the ear (r = +0.279) was revealed. In arid conditions (НТС = 0.75-0.85), the number of plants before harvesting (r = +0.335) and the number of productive stems (r = +0.437) had the greatest impact on the yield. During the moisty year (НТС = 1.36), the productivity of barley was significantly affected by a set of indicators of structural elements: plant height (r = +0.890), grain weight from the ear (r = +0.810), the number of grains in the ear (r = +0.806), ear length (r = +0.774) and the mass of 1000 grains (r = +0.640). When analyzing the elements of the crop structure, a significant dependence (r = +0.674) was established between the length of the ear and the number of grains in it. A negative correlation has been established between the productive bushiness of plants and the mass of 1000 grains, between the number of productive stems and the mass of grain from the ear. It has been found out that the slightly varying traits include the number of grains in the ear (Cv = 4.8%) and the length of the ear (Cv = 9.6%). It has been revealed that the yield of the studied varieties and promising lines has a low variation over the years of Cv = 8.8%, which indicates to the effectiveness of breeding work on developing barley varieties with high and stable yields.

The restoration of an image with blocking artifacts due to compression at low bit rates is a challenging task and blocking artifact measurement algorithms have an important role to play in the computer vision field. An artifacts removal technique is an important step towards the reliability and security of image processing area that delivers a better understanding in many applications like pattern recognition, object classification, surveillance system and many more. We know that the removal of art objects is a scientific method used to provide better image analysis and for this purpose many methods of removal of art objects were already made by researchers during the processing of images such as line, motion, pattern, and hair. But in availability of group of artifacts in an image, they do not achieve an acceptable result. In this research, we proposed a comparative framework for blocking artifacts removal of digital images using hybrid mechanism. The main contribution of this research is developing a new neuro-fuzzy system-based hybrid artifacts removal mechanism to achieve better blocking artifacts efficiency. To remove artifact from an image the proposed framework has its own impact in quality parameters such as Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Square Error (MSE), and Structural Similarity (SSIM) with the execution time. At last, the performance parameters of proposed framework is compare for all five techniques such as line, motion, pattern, hair and combination of all with each other and we observed that the achieved results justify the proposed hybrid artifact removal method in the field of image processing.

The current paper has presented the results of estimating pea varieties in the Competitive Variety Testing. The purpose of the study was to analyze pea lines at the final stage of the breeding process and to identify the promising ones according to economically valuable traits. The study of variety samples was carried out in laboratory for legumes breeding and primary seed production at the Falyonsky breeding station in 2018–2020. The objects of the study were 28 peas lines and varieties of various morphotypes. The estimation of samples, observations and accounting were carried out according to the methodology of the State Commission for Variety Testing. The standard varieties were the varieties ‘Krasnoufimsky 93’, ‘Ryabchik’, ‘Falyonsky usatyi’, zoned in the Volga-Vyatka region. The vegetation periods of 2018–2020 contrastingly differed among themselves in moisture supply and temperature regime, the most favorable hydrothermal conditions were in 2019, the most unfavorable ones were in 2018 and 2020. As a result of the study, there have been identified the lines that exceeded the standard varieties in productivity of grain, green mass and dry matter. In the group of white-flowered grain crops, there was identified the line ‘E-483’ with 3.49 t/ha of mean grain productivity, 31.4 t/ha of green mass and 5.28 t/ha of hay. In the group of color-flowered grain crops, the maximum productivity of grain, green mass and dry matter was identified in the line ‘E-3588’ with 4.16, 34.9 and 7.73 t/ha, respectively. Among the leafless variety samples, the line ‘E-1250’ produced the highest grain yield with 3.71 t ha. There have been identified the lines with high indicators of yield structure elements. The maximum number of fertile nodes was identified in the line ‘E-3745’ (4.2 pcs.). The maximum number of kernels was identified in the lines ‘E-483’, ‘E-3542’, ‘E-3798’ (5.8 pcs.). The maximum number of kernels per plant was identified in the line ‘D-24746’ (25.9 pcs.). The maximum seed productivity was identified in the line ‘E-3845’ (4.4 g). The highest values of the number of productive nodes and kernels were obtained in the group of white-flowered leafy varieties. The largest number of kernels per plant was identified in the maple pea. Seed productivity and 1000-kernel weight were higher in the leafless variety samples. According to stem length and resistance to lodging, there has been identified the advantage of the leafless lines.

The article discusses the concept coined by Japanese manga researcher Natsume Fusanosuke. In comparison with other researchers who pay attention to the plots in manga, Natsume Fusanosuke paid his attention to the visual components: signs and symbols in manga, as well as the type of lines and functioning of the panel. This approach is related to the field of semiotics. We will try to understand the essence of this approach, also known as “manga grammar” (manga bunpō). The main object of the study for us will be Natsume’s book Why Is Manga So Interesting? (Manga wa naze omoshiroi no ka, 1997), the f irst section of which is compiled from the previously written book The Science of Manga by Natsume Fusanosuke (Natsume Fusanosuke no manga gaku, 1985). In his 1997 book, the researcher refers to the works of various manga authors — Tezuka Osamu, Saito Takao, Azuma Hideo, Tanioka Yasuji, Tsuge Yoshiharu, etc., who have their own unique graphic style, and then proceeds to analyze manga expressions. The article pays close attention to the integral elements of manga and their interpretation by Natsume Fusanosuke. The function of each of these elements is described in more detail: the function of lines, the function of panel, the function of text, the function of sound effects (onomatopoeia), the function of symbols (manpu). The article also shows how Natsume Fusanosuke’s semiotic concept, where all elements are analyzed and systematized, is based on the concepts of other researchers — for example, Kandinsky’s theory of abstract drawing described in “Point and Line to Plane” (1926).

Burbucar, by the architect Lina Toro, is a cleaning and precision project of an existing program, in which it is recognized as a pre-existence to maintain spatial linearity. This essential characteristic is treated as an architectural concept, by revealing the transfer from the plane to the space, from an idea to the project.

Relevance. The modern marrow seed market shows the prospect of creating F1 hybrids that have the maximum return on a high-quality crop. For their successful selection, parental forms with a complex of economically valuable traits and a high combinational ability are required. The most important role is played by the female zucchini maternal lines of flowering type, which allow for hybrid seed production with free pollination and obtain high quality F1 hybrid seeds.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out at of the Krymsk EBS VIR Branch (Russia, Krasnodar Region, Krymsk) in 2019-2021. Variety testing of lines and hybrids was carried out in the open field in the fields of selective crop rotation. The plot area was 5 m2, the experiment was repeated three times.Results. The general combinative ability of parental squash lines was studied, maternal forms with a positive GCA effect on early yield (F5 409-1, F5 409-2) and on total yield (F5 409-1) were identified. A preliminary variety testing of hybrid combinations was carried out in comparison with the standards F1 Belogor and F1 Pascal. The main economically valuable traits have been studied: early maturity, early and general yield, marketability, product attractiveness. F1 hybrids of zucchini were identified, obtained on the basis of maternal forms of the female type of flowering F5 409-1, F5 409-2 in terms of yield (early above 17,7 t/ha and total above 46,7 t/ha), and marketability, more than 83,2%.Conclusions. The high productivity of F1 zucchini hybrids obtained on the basis of maternal forms of the female flowering type F5 409-1, F5 409-2 proves the promising nature of their use in breeding. As a result of two years of study, a hybrid F1 (409-1×305) was isolated, with a complex of economically valuable traits: early yield 19,6 t/ha, total yield 52,6 t/ha, marketability 84,3%, attractive appearance of fruits.

The aim of the research is to breed short climbing, early maturing, high-yielding varieties of squash in the natural and climatic zone of Uzbekistan.Methods. The samples of squash 0044SQ (Holland) and BT+KB-001 (Turkey) were taken from the gene pool of the Research Institute of Plant Industry (Uzbekistan) in 2012 for breeding work. In 2013, squash samples were studied in the nursery of the source material, where they were evaluated for biological and economically valuable traits. Individual selection of plants was carried out. In further breeding work (2014-2016 and 2018), the lines LZ-2513 and LH-1916 were distinguished.Results. The method of analytical breeding created short-climbing, early maturing, high-yielding of squash lines LZ-2513 and LH-1916. Line LZ-2513 has rounded fruits of light green color. The LH-1916 variety has elongated, dark green fruits. Competitive variety trials of new lines were conducted in 2019-2020. Unumdor variety zoned in the republic served as a standard. It was found that from sprouting to maturity of the fruit in the line LZ-2513 is 44 days, in the line LH-1916 – 45 days. High marketable yield was recorded for squash line LZ-2513 – 18.3 tons/ha (122% of the standard); in line LH-1916 marketable yield was 16.4 tons/ha (112.4% of the standard). This year we organized the primary seed production of squash lines LZ-2513 and LH-1916 for multiplication.Conclusion. Promising for cultivation in conditions of Uzbekistan squash line LZ-2513 Orbita (NAP 20200087) and line LH-1916 Viridi (NAP 20200088) were submitted to the Intellectual Property Agency under the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan to be patented.

The crisis of the boundary line and the consequent determination of the peripher­ies from a geometric point of view entails a crisis in representing urban boundaries and thresholds, and therefore the peripher­ies themselves. In this regard, the essay rereads some historical and recent ethnographic urban maps. Both from a graphic point of view and as artefacts and documents capable of visualising complex urban issues linked to the concept of peripheralization of frag­ile territories. This reinterpretation allows us to highlight the role that these graphic artefacts have as interpretative documents of the peripheral realities of the city that open operational, epistemological and se­mantic perspectives in the field of graphic sciences. The frames operated by the boundary draw­ing line of the urban periphery assume similar ontological meanings and episte­mologies. Their re-discussion allows us to rethink their definition and operational role in the urban dimension and in the extension of the graphic tools of urban representation.

Abstract Zhang et al. (Proc Natl Acad Sci 118:e2105968118, 2021) recently reported that SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be retrotranscribed and integrated into the DNA of human cells by the L1 retrotransposon machinery. This phenomenon could cause persistence of viral sequences in patients and may explain the prolonged PCR-positivity of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, even long after the phase of active virus replication has ended. This commentary does critically review the available data on this topic and discusses them in the context of findings made for other exogenous viruses and ancestral endogenous retroviral elements.

Background. There are three species cultivated in Russia: Cucurbita pepo, C. maxima, and C. moschata, the latter being the most thermophilic among them. Cultivars of C. moschata are grown in southern regions, where a growing season of no less than 110–130 days is required. C. moschata has no bushy cultivars suitable for cultivation. The aim of this study was to search for, identify and develop source material of C. moschata for breeding early-ripening bushy and short-vined cultivars.Materials and methods. Accessions from the VIR collection, advanced cultivars, hybrids and lines of various generations served as research material. The study was based on the guidelines for studying and maintenance of the collection and for cucurbit crop breeding.Results. Source material was identified for breeding practice: early accessions (90–98 days) possessing high productivity and fruit quality, with good taste, namely ‘Early Butternut’, ‘Butternut’, ‘Waltham Butternut’; accession k-3549, ‘Orekhovy’, and accession k-4235; and mid-early accessions (104–105 days) ‘Palov-kadu’, and ‘Aydzu Аkkikudza’. They exceeded in productivity the early-ripening reference (cv. ‘Mariya’) by 26.7–130%, and matched the reference in fruit quality. Hybrids from the crosses of vined accessions with the bushy form KL 745 were studied. Bushiness is inherited monogenetically and controlled by the recessive bu (bush) gene. Identified for breeding were early (93–95 days) bushy lines (KL) with a stem length of 0.8–1.2 m: KL 648, KL 652 and KL 656. Their productivity was within 4.2–4.5 kg per plant (higher than the reference by 40–50%). In fruit quality they were on the reference level. Early (92–98 days) short-vined lines (KPL) were identified, with a stem length of 1.3–2.0 m: KPL 168, KPL 640 and KPL 680; their productivity ranged 4.9–6.8 kg per plant, and their fruit quality was good or excellent.

SPACeMAP is a remote-sensing data portal system owned by LAPAN used to distribute mosaic data of Medium-Resolution to Very-High-Resolution for Provincial Governments. The frequently arising problem is that mosaic images have very large data size, especially for SPOT-6/7 mosaic images. The increasing number of data and users may affect the data loading process on the portal so that mosaic data compression can be considered. SPACeMAP has the Image Compressor feature using the Tile and Line algorithms with a compression ratio (target rate) recommended for optics (15 to 20). This study aims to determine the best algorithm and target rate to get compressed mosaic SPOT-6/7 imagery. The comparison method was done qualitatively through visual comparison and quantitatively by using Compression Ratio (CR), Bit per Pixel (BPP), and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). Results of the experiment show that, quantitatively, both Tile and Line algorithms give a different performance, depends on the zoom level and land cover characteristics. In terms of the qualitative result, the Tile algorithm gives better overall results compare to the Line algorithm. Quantitatively, both algorithms show good performance in the homogenous area. The target rate difference on the testing range does not affect process duration, nevertheless, the Line algorithm has a long process duration compare to the Tile algorithm. However, compression mosaics with lower or higher resolution remote sensing data may provide different results. Hence, this need be addressed on further studies.

The article deals with the “nature" of development, the paradigm of which, unlike the growth, is non-linear. However, the predominant projection of ideas of development (expansion), including projections on a map, is still the line in its various drawings. Thinking in lines is not harmless: it can reduce a significant content of development ideas; at the level of plans (which are always linear), it can transfer the intension of development into a sequence of emasculated actions. The article emphasizes a special type of spatial consciousness and discourse, which generates the ideas of “linear cities”, large-scale linear projects (New Silk Road, etc.). It talks about the possibilities and conditions of a different conceptualization of such ideas.

The article deals with the “nature" of development, the paradigm of which, unlike the growth, is non-linear. However, the predominant projection of ideas of development (expansion), including projections on a map, is still the line in its various drawings. Thinking in lines is not harmless: it can reduce a significant content of development ideas; at the level of plans (which are always linear), it can transfer the intension of development into a sequence of emasculated actions. The article emphasizes a special type of spatial consciousness and discourse, which generates the ideas of “linear cities”, large-scale linear projects (New Silk Road, etc.). It talks about the possibilities and conditions of a different conceptualization of such ideas.

This article deals with the development of artistic and imaginative thinking, imagination and the creation of an artistic image in fine arts lessons using a graphic image. An example of a lesson for elementary school students on creating a mysterious tree image is given, which will help the teacher develop the ability of his students to see and creatively realize their ideas.