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In recent years, microalgae, particularly Euglena gracilis, have been candidates for the food/feed industry thanks to their nutritional and functional properties. However, the inclusion of E. gracilis in the diet of livestock animals is little studied, especially regarding its antioxidant activity. Furthermore, microalgae are known for their variability in nutritional quality and functional properties, mainly due to cultivation conditions. For this reason, the aim of the present work was to investigate the nutritional and functional aspects (total phenolic content TPC, Folin-Ciocalteu assay); antioxidant activity (ABTS and FRAP assays) of E. gracilis, grown in three different media, following chemical extraction (H2O:EtOH) and ex vivo digestion method. The microalgae growth media were characterised as follows: EgM (standard medium); ETX (standard medium + aminoacidic-extract); DOE-ETX (ETX + microelements). The results showed an interesting nutritional profile for all the microalgae analysed, although the values were modulated by media nutrients. Although EgM (6.94 ± 0.25 g/L) was characterised by a significant higher growth yield than ETX (5.75 ± 0.14 g/L) and DOE-ETX (4.72 ± 0.17 g/L), results also confirmed by the paramylon content (4.35 ± 0.13; 3.16 ± 0.08; 2.25 ± 0.05 g/L, respectively) (p

The valorisation of biomass generated along the agri-food chain into co-products represents a valid approach to produce alternative and sustainable feed ingredients. Although to date, some co-products have already been included in the diets of livestock animals, the characterisation of hemp co-products (Cannabis sativa L.) is still at an early stage. For this, the aim of this this work was to investigate the nutritional and functional profile [total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (ABTS, FRAP)] of hemp co-products [mix flowers and leaves (MFL), hulls (HLs) and hempseeds cake], after green chemical extraction (0% EtOH; 50% EtOH; 100% EtOH) and ex vivo digestion process. High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography was performed on 50% EtOH chemical extracts to identify the main phenolic compounds. The results reported an interesting nutritional profile, although dependent on the processing to obtain the co-product. The functional aspect of the chemical extracts showed a higher TPC for MFL, especially after 50% EtOH extraction (3551.12 ± 98.54 mg TAE/100 g) identifying Quercetin, Kaempferol, Rutin, Chlorogenic acid, Ferulic acid, Cannabigerol and α-tocopherol as the main compounds present, a profile similar to that of HLs. This was also observed for ABTS (6950.10 ± 546.82 mg TE/100 g) and FRAP (130.05 ± 4.67 mg FeSO4/100 g). Ex vivo digestion confirmed the high functional profile of the two matrices. Despite this, it is important to emphasise that processing co-products are characterised by a high variability that may lead to different results and effects on the health and performance of monogastric animals.

Background: Many patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) nowadays have reached adulthood, as well as their sisters, possibly carriers of a deleterious Bruton tyrosine kinase variant. Studies on motherhood outcomes in families with XLA are lacking. Objective: We sought to investigate adherence to carrier status screening, interest in preconception and prenatal genetic counseling, and reproductive decisions in relatives with XLA. Methods: In this multicenter, retrospective cohort study, we collected a 3-generation pedigree and data on mothers and sisters of patients with XLA, including carrier status and pregnancy outcome. Results: Data on 53 adults with XLA, 52 mothers, and 33 sisters were collected. All XLA sisters received genetic counseling. Forty percent of the sisters chose to undergo carrier status determination, and 60% of them chose invasive prenatal testing. The main reasons for the sisters to decide not to undergo genetic testing were their young age and the willingness to carry on with the pregnancy regardless of the outcome of the genetic test, followed by the willingness to postpone the decision at the time of pregnancy and the decision to not have children. Prenatal testing resulted in 5 XLA diagnoses, with 2 pregnancy terminations, 1 miscarriage, and 2 XLA live births. Three carriers refused prenatal testing and had 6 live births, including 3 XLA-affected sons. One sister was diagnosed as a carrier after the birth of an XLA-affected son. In total, 9 XLA diagnoses were made, including 6 live births. Conclusions: A number of XLA sister carriers decided to carry on with their pregnancy after receiving the diagnosis of an affected fetus or after refusing prenatal testing. We propose to initiate a more extensive collaborative study to verify the effect of genetic counseling on families with XLA in other cohorts from different countries.

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize nursing care management strategies for addressing the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A descriptive, qualitative study conducted with 22 nurse professionals at a University Hospital in Southern Brazil. Data collection through interviews in June and August 2021, analyzed according to Bardin’s Content Analysis and the theoretical framework of complex thinking. Results: The identified strategies were organized into four categories: Reorganization of health services; People management and emergency admission; Multiprofessional articulation; and Bedside nursing care. Final Considerations: Professional performance revealed a complex interplay between leadership and care management practices, even in the face of working condition restrictions, and were understood as crucial in the pandemic scenario.

Construction machines, for example cranes, excavators, or bulldozers, are widely diffused systems operating outdoors in harsh and dangerous environments, such as building sites, forests, and mines. Typically, construction machines require the on-site presence of highly skilled users to manage the complexity of their control and the high power of hydraulic actuation. Construction machines could benefit from recent developments of robot avatar technology that has demonstrated the viability of remotizing human physical activities, leveraging on intuitive interfaces and controls. Similar approaches could also improve the overall usability of construction machines, making them safer and accessible for untrained users. With this in mind, we developed a novel system for the remote control of cranes through intuitive and immersive interfaces. To validate the solution, we evaluated the experience of approximately 80 untrained users that remotely operated a crane during the 33rd Edition of Bauma, the world’s leading fair for construction machines.

Aim: This study aimed to explore patients' perceptions of factors contributing to patient safety during hospitalization for COVID-19, with a focus on differences among three distinct adult age groups. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected from 533 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in nine Brazilian university hospitals between April and December 2021. Sociodemographics, health conditions, and the Patient Measure of Safety (PMOS) data were gathered via telephone interviews. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were used to compare the mean scores across PMOS items, domains, and total scores by age groups (18–44; 45–64; and 65+ years). Results: Patients aged 45–64 years reported the highest perception of safety, while those aged between 18 and 44 years reported the lowest. Statistically significant differences in safety perceptions were observed across age groups. The younger adult group (18–44 years) reported lower overall PMOS scores, particularly in areas such as equipment, access to resources, and organization and care planning, compared to the middle-aged group. Younger adults were more critical of aspects including attentiveness to patient concerns, availability of health professionals, space, and equipment, teamwork skills, and information sharing between the healthcare team and patients. Conclusion: Perception of factors contributing to patient safety during the COVID-19 pandemic varied across different age groups. Understanding these differences can inform the development of targeted strategies to incorporate patient perspectives into hospital safety initiatives, indicators development, and research to improve patient safety in hospital settings.

Abstract In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the original evaluating Member State (EMS), the United Kingdom, received an application from Bayer CropScience to set an import tolerance for the non‐approved active substance ethiprole in rice. In the framework of the assessment process, the application was re‐allocated to the Netherlands and the purpose of the application was changed to only set European residue definitions and toxicological reference values for the active substance ethiprole. Based on the assessment of the available toxicological data, an acceptable daily intake of 0.002 mg/kg bw per day and an acute reference dose of 0.005 mg/kg bw were derived. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive residue definitions in primary crops and in processed commodities. The residue definition for enforcement was derived as ‘ethiprole’. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of ethiprole in dry commodities at the validated LOQ of 0.002 mg/kg. A residue definition for risk assessment was derived as the ‘sum of ethiprole, ethiprole‐sulfone (RPA097973) and ethiprole‐amide (RPA112916), expressed as ethiprole’. This residue definition is applicable for foliar treatment in all primary crops, for both foliar and soil treatments in cereals crops, and is also valid for processed commodities.

BackgroundCare transitions are complex and can make patients vulnerable to adverse events. Poor communication among clinicians, patients, and their caregivers is a critical gap during these periods of transition. Technology solutions such as platform-based patient-clinician digital health interventions (DHIs) can provide support and education to patients. ObjectiveThe aims of this scoping review were to explore the literature on platform-based patient-clinician DHIs specific to hospital-to-home care transitions and identify the barriers to and enablers of the uptake and implementation of these DHIs. MethodsA scoping review was conducted. A total of 4 databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched on July 13, 2022. Studies involving patients aged >18 years who used platform-based DHIs during their hospital-to-home transition were included. In total, 2 reviewers independently screened the articles for eligibility using a 2-stage process of title and abstract and full-text screening. Eligible studies underwent data extraction, and the results were analyzed using descriptive and narrative methods. ResultsWe screened 8322 articles, of which 97 (1.17%) met our inclusion criteria. DHIs were implemented using a mobile app (59/97, 61%), a web-based platform (28/97, 29%), or a combination of both (10/97, 10%). The 2 most common health conditions related to the DHIs were cardiac disease (22/97, 23%) and stroke (11/97, 11%). Outcomes varied greatly but were grouped by health care use, complications, and wellness outcomes. The top 2 barriers were lack of interest (13/97, 13%) and time constraints to use the DHIs (10/97, 10%), and the top 2 enablers were the ability to use the DHIs (17/97, 18%) and their ease of use (11/97, 11%). The main conflicting theme was access (enabler; 28/97, 29%) or limited access (barrier; 15/97, 15%) to technology or the internet. ConclusionsPlatform-based DHIs could help improve communication, coordination, and information sharing between clinicians and patients during transition periods. Further research is needed to assess the effectiveness of these platform-based DHIs on patient outcomes.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to understand the perceptions of women and health professionals regarding childbirth care at a teaching hospital in the western state of Paraná, Brazil. Methods: this qualitative study employed Grounded Theory, conducted in an obstetric care service with 38 participants (women and health professionals) through semi-structured interviews. Results: limitations in physical infrastructure and management of care, along with the women’s limited knowledge about the childbirth process and the decision-making and guidance of professionals, show conflicting obstetric practices-a discrepancy between good practices and obstetric violence. Training in obstetric nursing and active participation in care, alongside the presence of a companion, were identified as intervening conditions and strategies in the process. Final Considerations: childbirth care is characterized by dichotomous practices. While some professionals base their practices on scientific evidence, others rely on teachings and experiences from the time of their training.

Resumo Objetivo Identificar ações de continuidade do cuidado nos hospitais universitários federais do Brasil. Métodos Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva e exploratória de cunho documental, com abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados em janeiro de 2023 diretamente da página eletrônica da Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares. A análise dos dados ocorreu por meio de estatística descritiva simples. Resultados A amostra foi composta por 41 notícias, a maioria (22%) veiculada no ano de 2021, por hospitais da região Nordeste (34,1%) e tendo mulheres e crianças como principal público-alvo. A participação da enfermagem foi especificada em 41,5% das ações. As principais ações identificadas foram implementação de serviços de cuidados/assistência domiciliar, ações de educação permanente e educação em saúde e implementação de sistemas, protocolos e ferramentas de gestão de casos visando à alta hospitalar. Conclusão Há um interesse crescente dos hospitais universitários brasileiros no desenvolvimento de ações para a continuidade do cuidado, principalmente relacionadas à dimensão gerencial.

The Catalan vaulting have succeeded in reducing reliance on support centers, resulting in lowered costs and expedited construction processes. This research advances the study of Catalan vaulting by exploring innovative, environmentally friendly earth-based materials. The study conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis of load-bearing behaviors across distinct vault elements: those fabricated from terracotta, raw-earth tiles, and shot-earth. Constructed and tested at a 4-meter span, full-scale vault specimens are subjected to varying distributed load configuration, followed by rupture testing employing a linear load at a quarter of the span. Experimental evidence, corroborated by FE results, indicates that both terracotta and raw earth tile vaults offer commendable performance, yet their failure loads are surpassed by vaults constructed using shot-earth. Therefore, shot-earth emerges as a sustainable alternative for constructing vault elements. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that incorporating reinforcement within shot-earth vaults increases their strength and ductility.

ABSTRACT: Dietary supplementation with plant-based products may arise as part of an alternative strategy to using antibiotics as growth promoters in the poultry industry. Garlic powder (GP) possesses antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The aim was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of GP on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of the Japanese quail. A total of 240, day-old mixed gender Japanese quail were assigned to 4 treatment groups, each group being replicated 4 times and containing 15 birds in each replication. Birds were provided with either a basal diet (control) or basal diet supplemented with 0.5%, 1% and 2% GP for 5 wk. At slaughter age, birds fed 1% GP had higher (P < 0.05) live weight and body weight gain when compared to the control. Supplementation with different levels of GP had no influence (P > 0.05) on feed intake, feed conversion ratio except 3rd wk, carcass traits and abdominal fat. Thiobarbituric acid, peroxide and pH values in breast meat of birds receiving GP (1% or 2%) after storage (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 d) were lower (P < 0.05) than the birds in control. Furthermore, total psychrophilic bacteria count was lower in breast meat of birds supplemented with GP at any dose compared to the birds of control. Sensory characteristics such as color, aroma, juiciness and tenderness were observed significantly better (P < 0.05) in GP supplemented groups especially when fed 1% GP. In conclusion, supplementing the diet with 1% to 2% GP demonstrated growth-promoting effects and positively impacted meat quality, including sensory characteristics.

Abstract In recent decades, the food system has been faced with the significant problem of increasing food waste. Therefore, the feed industry, supported by scientific research, is attempting to valorise the use of discarded biomass as co-products for the livestock sector, in line with EU objectives. In parallel, the search for functional products that can ensure animal health and performances is a common fundamental goal for both animal husbandry and feeding. In this context, camelina cake (CAMC), cardoon cake (CC) and cardoon meal (CM), due valuable nutritional profile, represent prospective alternatives. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the antioxidant activity of CAMC, CC and CM following in vitro digestion using 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. Total phenolic content (TPC) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, actively involved in modulating antioxidant properties, were also studied. Further, a peptidomic analysis was adopted to substantiate the presence of bioactive peptides after in vitro digestion. The results obtained confirmed an interesting nutritional profile of CAMC, CC and CM and relevant antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activities. In particular, considering antioxidant profile, CM and CC revealed a significantly higher (10969.80 ± 18.93 mg TE/100 g and 10451.40 ± 149.17 mg TE/100 g, respectively; p

Objetivo: identificar ferramentas computacionais para a gestão da informação de pacientes com doenças raras. Método: revisão integrativa de literatura, realizada em novembro de 2020, na base de dados National Library of Medicine, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Scientific Electronic Library Online. A amostra foi composta por oito artigos, após aplicados os critérios de seleção. Resultados: evidenciaram-se ferramentas de softwares, sistemas e portais, criadas com intuito de padronização de linguagem, identificação de genes, auxílio ao diagnóstico e tratamento de patologias. Essas ferramentas viabilizaram a sistematização dos dados para a gestão da informação, contando com informações clínicas, epidemiológicas e de ocorrência. Conclusão: as ferramentas computacionais com ênfase em doenças raras podem auxiliar nos âmbitos da gestão, da clínica e epidemiologia, contribuindo para o planejamento, avaliação, elaboração de novas políticas de saúde, redução de custos, diagnóstico precoce, tomada de decisão e monitoramento das doenças.

Abstract The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State Slovenia and co‐rapporteur Member State Slovakia for the pesticide active substance gibberellins (GA4/GA7) and the considerations as regards the inclusion of the substance in Annex IV of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012, as amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2018/1659. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of gibberellins (GA4/GA7) as a plant growth regulator on apple and pear (field use). The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are reported when identified.

Abstract The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State Slovenia and co‐rapporteur Member State Slovakia for the pesticide active substance gibberellic acid and the considerations as regards the inclusion of the substance in Annex IV of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012, as amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2018/1659. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative use of gibberellic acid as a plant growth regulator on seedless grapes (field use). The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are reported when identified.

Abstract The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State Austria and co‐rapporteur Member State Finland for the pesticide active substance fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012, as amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2018/1659. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl as a post‐emergence herbicide in wheat, durum wheat, rye, triticale and barley to control annual monocotyledonous weeds. The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified.

Abstract The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State France and co‐rapporteur Member State Spain for the pesticide active substance fludioxonil are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012, as amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2018/1659. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative use of fludioxonil as a fungicide on wheat, oats, grapes, pome fruit and strawberry. The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are reported where identified.

Objetivo: construir uma teoria substantiva sobre as relações de poder vivenciadas por trabalhadoras que amamentam, que podem influenciar na decisão e manutenção do aleitamento materno no local de trabalho. Métodos: pesquisa exploratória-descritiva qualitativa, na qual se utilizaram os referenciais de Relações de Poder de Michel Foucault e a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados, de Corbin e Strauss. Duas técnicas foram utilizadas para a coleta de dados nas empresas (Santa Catarina, Brasil): grupo focal e entrevista semiestruturada. Codificação aberta, axial e integração seletiva foram utilizadas para análise de dados, com auxílio do Software Atlas.ti, com processo de validação da teoria substantiva por sete avaliadores. Resultados: participaram dezesseis trabalhadoras e dois profissionais de saúde. A teoria substantiva gerada, “Amamentando com êxito no retorno ao trabalho em decorrência da existência de dispositivos de apoio”, integra dez categorias, que representam o fenômeno central e seus três componentes: condições, ações-interações e consequências ou resultados. Conclusão: trabalhadoras vivenciam microrrelações singulares de poder no trabalho, que convergem e influenciam o poder de decisão de continuar amamentando. O desejo das trabalhadoras de amamentar, juntamente com o usufruto de direitos adquiridos e a disponibilidade de uma rede de apoio fazem com que elas perseverem no processo complexo de amamentação.

Introdução: O Programa de Stewardship de Antimicrobianos (ASP) busca otimizar o uso desses medicamentos, assegurando sua eficácia, segurança e redução da pressão seletiva sobre os microrganismos. O ASP, composto por infectologistas, farmacêuticos e microbiologistas, realiza o acompanhamento dos pacientes em uso de antimicrobianos (ATM), com registro e análise das intervenções realizadas. Objetivos: Analisar indicadores do ASP relacionados ao uso de ATM nas unidades não críticas de um hospital pediátrico de alta complexidade. Métodos: Coorte retrospectiva e descritiva dos registros, baseado na ferramenta PRAT (antimicrobial therapy-related problem), de intervenções e orientações realizadas pelo ASP em 2022 e 2023 nas unidades não críticas de um hospital pediátrico. Resultados: Do total de ATM prescritos para os pacientes das enfermarias, a taxa de avaliação aumentou de 28% em 2022 para 42% em 2023. Entre os ATM selecionados para avaliação diária houve aumento na taxa anual de 79% para 82%. O número de intervenções do ASP em 2022 foi de 1.180 (84%) e em 2023 de 991 (75%), entretanto o número de orientações aumentou em 2023 (n = 324, 25%) em comparação a 2022 (n = 280, 16%), evidenciando que a equipe do ASP participou ativamente das tomadas de decisões e orientou condutas, prevenindo a ocorrência de PRAT que exigiriam intervenção. Dentre a classificação de impacto das intervenções (indicação, efetividade e segurança), destaca-se o aumento de intervenções de indicação (2022, 26% vs 2023, 37%). Um exemplo são intervenções do item “medicamento desnecessário” que aumentaram de 8% para 14%, ressaltando a promoção do uso racional de ATM. Houve aumento no número de intervenções com impacto em efetividade, de 25% em 2022 para 30% em 2023. As intervenções de segurança diminuíram (2022, 37% vs 2023, 28%), corroborando com o aumento de orientações. A taxa de aceitabilidade permaneceu acima de 85%. A contratação de um infectologista exclusivo para o ASP em 2023 foi um fator importante na melhoria dos resultados e refletiu no aumento da taxa de avaliação, incremento das orientações antes do PRAT acontecer, e nas intervenções com impacto em indicação e efetividade. Conclusões: A análise crítica dos indicadores feitos pelo ASP demonstrou a evolução do programa no período analisado. A incorporação do infectologista exclusivo, o aprimoramento do gerenciamento do farmacêutico e do microbiologista proporcionou avaliações mais eficientes refletindo em benefícios no acompanhamento. Palavras-chave: Pediatria, Anti-Infecciosos, Indicadores de Gestão. Conflitos de interesse: Não houve conflito de interesse. Ética e financiamentos: A aprovação no Comitê de Ética foi obtida sob o CAAE: 42225321.9.0000.0097. Esta pesquisa não recebeu nenhum financiamento.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the leadership practices among nurses in face of COVID-19 pandemic in university hospitals in Brazil. Method: this is a multicenter, qualitative and exploratory-descriptive research. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 139 nurses who worked in the care for patients with COVID-19 in Brazilian university hospitals. Thematic content analysis was carried out with support of Iramuteq® software. Results: Three categories were obtained: 1) Leadership practices with individual emphasis, highlighting decision-making agility and technical-scientific knowledge as relevant elements for professional performance; 2) Leadership practices with emphasis on the team and direct care for critical patients, presents the challenges faced in managing human resources amidst a high number of infections and professional absences; and 3) Leadership practices with emphasis on Safety and material management, presenting strategies to enhance patient and professional safety despite difficulties related to the supply of materials. Conclusion: leadership practices such as adaptive capacity, transmission of trust in the leader, collaborative decision-making, encouraging team development, management of human and material resources, and effective communication allowed nurses to cope with the critical moments of the pandemic.

Introdução: A sustentabilidade do setor de saúde depende de estudos econômicos. O Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP), em parceria com o Escritório de Gerenciamento de Valor (EGV), possibilita a análise comparativa do custo de tratamentos de doenças complexas, priorizando recursos. Um caso ilustrativo é a bacteremia por Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina em pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica dialítica (MRSA-IRC). O tratamento com vancomicina, embora eficaz, traz desafios farmacocinéticos que mobilizam recursos materiais e humanos. Dessa forma, a daptomicina poderia ser uma alternativa custo-efetiva para o tratamento de MRSA-IRC. Objetivo: Análise comparativa de custo de tratamento de MRSA-IRC com vancomicina versus daptomicina na perspectiva SUS, a partir da parceria ASP-EGV. Método: Para apoiar o ASP, foi realizado o microcusteio de um tratamento de MRSA-IRC, desenvolvido no EGV de um hospital pediátrico de alta complexidade do Brasil, o qual é liderado por um farmacêutico especialista em análises econômicas. Nos estudos de microcusteio, todos os componentes de custo são definidos no nível mais detalhado a partir de dados individuais do tratamento do paciente. Foram coletados os custos médicos diretos, assim como os custos de recursos humanos, durante o período de tratamento. Resultados: Na estimativa de tratamento de um paciente pediátrico com MRSA-IRC, que recebeu antibiótico por 15 dias e ficou internado por 20 dias, houve diferença de custo entre o uso de vancomicina e daptomicina. A análise comparativa evidenciou uma redução de 3% no custo total do internamento e redução de 48% no custo do tratamento com a utilização da daptomicina (R$1.517 versus R$793), além da otimização de tempo da equipe do ASP. Mesmo o custo unitário da vancomicina sendo quase 40 vezes menor, os custos com vancocinemia e estimativa de custo com a mobilização da equipe sobrepõe o custo do tratamento com daptomicina. Conclusão: A parceria entre ASP e EGV na análise comparativa dos custos hospitalares no tratamento de condições complexas é fundamental para avaliação da viabilidade financeira, realocação de recursos e negociação com operadoras e SUS. O impacto desta parceria pode resultar em otimização do tempo da equipe assistencial no acompanhamento de outros casos. Poucos estudos consideram análises econômicas na rotina da assistência hospitalar, especialmente na pediatria, destacando uma área a ser explorada pelos gestores.

Introdução: O Antimicrobial Stewardship Program dirigido pela farmácia clínica (ASP-FC) tem papel fundamental no uso racional de antimicrobianos, garantindo efetividade e segurança para o paciente. Dessa forma, o tempo de tratamento é um fator importante na redução de eventos adversos, além do impacto na pressão seletiva e farmacoeconomia. Objetivo: Comparar o tempo de tratamento endovenoso (EV) e desfechos dos períodos pré e pós intervenção, em infecções primárias de corrente sanguínea (IPCSs) e osteoarticulares (IOA) causadas por Staphylococcus aureus em pacientes pediátricos. Método: Estudo de coorte retrospectiva de oito anos (2014 a 2021) com pacientes com infecção por S. aureus em um hospital exclusivamente pediátrico de alta complexidade (n° 4.769.334 / CAAE: 47556621.0.0000.5580). A análise foi dividida em períodos denominados “pré-intervenção” (2014 a 2016), onde se iniciava o ASP-FC na instituição e “pós-intervenção” (2017 a 2021), onde o programa ASP-FC se consolidou, com o aumento do dimensionamento de farmacêuticos clínicos, fortalecimento do programa de residência em farmácia, incorporação da vancocinemia e adoção do bundle de manejo de bacteremia por S. aureus. Os resultados em dias de tratamento EV foram expressos em média. Resultados: Foram incluídos 80 pacientes, 30 no período pré e 50 no período pós. A suspensão de antibióticos sempre caracteriza uma intervenção complexa na prática clínica, nesta experiência houve diferença no tempo de tratamento EV, entre os períodos nas IPCSs (pré = 18 dias; pós = 13 dias) e nas IOA (pré = 22 dias; pós = 16 dias). Também houve diferença proporcional de óbitos nas IPCSs entre os períodos (pré = 6 (27%), sendo 2 óbitos por MRSA; pós = 6 (18%), todos por MSSA). Nas IOA, não houve nenhum óbito no período pré e 1 óbito (6%) óbito no período pós, por MRSA, dois dias após o isolamento em cultura. Conclusão: À medida que o ASP-FC da instituição se consolidava, com as melhorias implantadas, sobretudo com o farmacêutico clínico participando do acompanhamento, tomada de decisão e monitoramento do processo infeccioso, houve diminuição no tempo de tratamento EV, aproximando do recomendado pela literatura e sem impacto negativo em desfecho.

Introdução: Infecções por microrganismos produtores de ESBL mostra-se uma problemática crescente nos pacientes pediátricos, representando uma parte significativa das infecções comunitárias. Embora carbapenêmicos (CPM) sejam frequentemente a terapia escolhida, o uso inadequado tem levado ao aumento de infecções por Enterobacterales resistentes a CPM. Isso reflete uma urgência por alternativas terapêuticas para aliviar a pressão seletiva a esta classe de antibiótico. Dentre as possibilidades, a estratégia carbapenem-sparing surge com o objetivo de poupar CPM do uso excessivo. No entanto, esta abordagem é recente e escassa, mais focada em unidade crítica (UC) e faixas etárias heterogêneas. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi implementar a estratégia carbapenem-sparing em um programa de stewardship de antimicrobianos, tendo como enfoque pacientes de unidades não críticas (UNC) de um hospital pediátrico. Método: Desenvolveu-se um fluxo de análise do uso de CPM composto de três etapas: (1) análise do consumo institucional de CPM, (2) perfil epidemiológico de consumo de CPM em UNC e (3) avaliação farmacoterapêutica do uso de CPM. O estudo teve aprovação do comitê de ética (CAAE: 68382723.9.0000.5580) e o período de análise foi de janeiro a dezembro de 2022. Resultados: A avaliação da curva ABC institucional de 2022 trouxe meropenem como o antimicrobiano mais consumido e o terceiro maior em custos. No período, houveram 540 tratamentos prescritos com CPM, sendo 55% em UC e 45% em UNC, dos quais 115 tratamentos prescritos em UNC foram analisados. Em relação ao perfil infeccioso, o uso de CPM tinha como principais focos trato urinário (44,7%) e pulmonar (15,7%), em infecções por Enterobacterales produtores de ESBL (64%), tendo Escherichia coli como patógeno mais prevalente. A maioria eram infecções do tipo comunitária (55,7%) e estudos já apontam esse deslocamento de infecções por ESBL para a comunidade, acompanhando o uso crescente de CPM nas UNC. Dos CPM prescritos, apesar de 53% serem guiados por antibiograma, 56% não estavam apropriados. As intervenções ocorreram em 84% dos casos, sendo a maioria descalonamentos (54%) e solicitadas nas primeiras 72 horas (77,8%), com uma aceitabilidade de 84%. Das complicações em 30 dias, houve reinfecção em 25,2%, necessidade de UTI 7,8% e óbito em 3,5%. Conclusão: Os resultados demonstram o impacto positivo que um serviço com ASP implementado e estratégia carbapenem-sparing pode ter sobre o uso de CPM, promovendo a sustentabilidade das terapias e dos serviços em saúde.

Introdução: Infecções por Enterobacterales produtores de ESBL (E-ESBL) se mostram uma problemática urgente na saúde pública global. Estudos na pediatria reforçam infecções do trato urinário (ITU) como uma das infecções mais frequentes neste público. A carência de estudos e elaboração de protocolos têm contribuído para um consumo excessivo de carbapenêmicos (CPM). Isso não impacta apenas no paciente, mas também na comunidade, desde mudanças em microbioma ao avanço da resistência antimicrobiana. Como efeito, vem se destacando a implementação de estratégias poupadoras de CPM, conhecidas como “carbapenem-sparing”, para essas infecções, no intuito de auxiliar nos programas de stewardship de antimicrobianos (ASP). Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o impacto da estratégia carbapenem-sparing aplicada para ITU, dentro de um ASP de enfermaria. Método: Registros de acompanhamento do ASP foram utilizados para avaliação farmacoterapêutica de prescrições de CPM em ITU, com aprovação do comitê de ética (CAAE: 68382723.9.0000.5580), no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2022. Resultados: Foram analisadas 51 prescrições de CPM para ITU, correspondentes a 45% de todas as prescrições de CPM. Dessas, 94% tinham microorganismo isolado, justificando o tempo médio de tratamento de 6 dias (min. < 1; máx. 22), bem estabelecido na literatura e prática clínica. Do perfil infeccioso, 81% foram infecções por Enterobacterales, 64% produtores de ESBL, tendo Escherichia coli como patógeno mais prevalente (43%). Apesar de 84% das prescrições serem guiadas por antibiograma, 74,5% estavam inapropriadas, havendo intervenções em 73,7% dos casos (28/38), com maioria para descalonamento (78%). A resistência à amicacina foi observada em apenas 10% dos casos, reforçando dados da literatura, que a trazem como uma alternativa aos CPM em infecções por ESBL, visto sua estabilidade frente a ESBL e sua ótima atividade PK/PD, incluindo elevada meia-vida no córtex renal, possibilidade de administração de uma única dose diária e baixo impacto na microbiota intestinal, assim como possibilidade de monitoramento sérico. Por fim, entre as complicações, reinfecção corresponde a maior parte (25%), o que coincide com dados da literatura, onde pacientes com comorbidades em trato urinário demonstram uma maior incidência desta complicação. Conclusão: Este estudo permitiu analisar indicadores positivos do impacto da estratégia carbapenem-sparing em ITU, demonstrando, baseado no perfil epidemiológico da instituição, possibilidades efetivas de poupar CPM.

Abstract The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, Italy, and co‐rapporteur Member State, Poland, for the pesticide active substance penoxsulam are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012, as amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2018/1659. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of penoxsulam as a herbicide on rice and chicory. The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are reported where identified.

Abstract The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State Austria for the pesticide active substance elemental iron and the considerations as regards the inclusion of the substance in Annex IV of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of elemental iron in field and greenhouses (permanent and non‐permanent structures) via granule application by spreading on all edible and non‐edible crops, ornamental plants and amenity grassland to control molluscs. The reliable endpoints, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed.

Abstract The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State, The Netherlands for the pesticide active substance bixlozone are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of bixlozone as an herbicide on winter cereals (wheat and barley), winter oilseed rape and maize via soil broadcast spray application in field. The reliable endpoints, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified.

Abstract The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State Sweden for the pesticide active substance pirimicarb are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012, as amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2018/1659. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative use(s) of pirimicarb as an insecticide on winter and spring wheat and sugar beet via foliar spray application and on ornamental pot plants in permanent greenhouses. The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified.

Abstract The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State Czech Republic and co‐rapporteur Member State Austria for the pesticide active substance pyrimethanil and of confirmatory data following the maximum residue limit (MRL) review under Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012, as amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2018/1659. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of pyrimethanil as a fungicide on grapevine and pome fruit (field uses), strawberry and lettuce (field and greenhouse uses). The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified.

Abstract The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, Finland, and co‐rapporteur Member State, Croatia, for the pesticide active substance amidosulfuron and the assessment of confirmatory data following the Article 12 MRL review are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012, as amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2018/1659. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of amidosulfuron as a post‐emergence herbicide on winter cereals, spring cereals, flax and grass/pasture (all field uses). The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are reported where identified.

Abstract The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State the Netherlands for the pesticide active substance Bacillus subtilis strain RTI477 are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of B. subtilis strain RTI477 as a fungicide for the control of soil‐borne diseases in greenhouses (permanent) and walk‐in tunnels and field crops; by drip and drench irrigation on lettuce, cucurbit and solanaceous vegetables; field application by treating tubers whilst laying in furrow on potato; seed treatment application on maize, sunflower, sugar beet and winter oilseed rape. The reliable endpoints, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are reported when identified.

Abstract The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State The Netherlands for the pesticide active substance Bacillus velezensis strain RTI301 are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of B. velezensis strain RTI301 as a fungicide for the control of soil‐borne diseases in greenhouses (permanent) and walk‐in tunnels (non‐permanent) and field crops; by drip and drench irrigation on lettuce, cucurbit and solanaceous vegetables; field application by treating tubers whilst laying in furrow on potato; seed treatment application on maize, sunflower, sugar beet and winter oilseed rape. The reliable endpoints, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are reported when identified.

Abstract The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State Poland and co‐rapporteur Member State France for the pesticide active substance flufenacet are reported. In addition, the assessment of the confirmatory data following the Article 12 maximum residue limit (MRL) review of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 is also reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative use of flufenacet as a herbicide on winter cereals. Confirmatory data following the Article 12 MRL review were assessed. The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment and the assessment of confirmatory data following the Article 12 MRL review, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are reported where identified.

Abstract The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State Italy and co‐rapporteur Member State Spain for the pesticide active substance bensulfuron‐methyl are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012, as amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2018/1659. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of bensulfuron‐methyl as an herbicide on rice and spring cereals (spring wheat, spring barley, oat, rye, triticale). The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified.

A convolutional neural network is trained on a large dataset of suitably randomized film profiles and corresponding elastic energy densities ρɛ, computed by the finite element method. The trained model provides quantitative predictions of ρɛ for arbitrary profiles, surrogating its explicit calculation, and is used for the time integration of partial differential equations describing the evolution of strained films. The close match found between the neural network predictions and the “ground-truth” evolutions obtained by the finite element method calculation of ρɛ, even after tens-of-thousands of integration time-steps, validates the approach. A substantial computational speed up without significant loss of accuracy is demonstrated, allowing for million-steps simulations of islands growth and coarsening. The intriguing possibility of extending the domain size is also discussed.

Abstract Fertilization with nickel (Ni) can positively affect plant development due to the role of this micronutrient in nitrogen (N) metabolism, namely, through urease and NiFe-hydrogenase. Although the application of Ni is an emerging practice in modern agriculture, its effectiveness strongly depends on the chosen application method, making further research in this area essential. The individual and combined effects of different Ni application methods—seed treatment, leaf spraying and/or soil fertilization—were investigated in soybean plants under different edaphoclimatic conditions (field and greenhouse). Beneficial effects of the Soil, Soil + Leaf and Seed + Leaf treatments were observed, with gains of 7 to 20% in biological nitrogen fixation, 1.5-fold in ureides, 14% in shoot dry weight and yield increases of up to 1161 kg ha−1. All the Ni application methods resulted in a 1.1-fold increase in the SPAD index, a 1.2-fold increase in photosynthesis, a 1.4-fold increase in nitrogenase, and a 3.9-fold increase in urease activity. Edaphoclimatic conditions exerted a significant influence on the treatments. The integrated approaches, namely, leaf application in conjunction with soil or seed fertilization, were more effective for enhancing yield in soybean cultivation systems. The determination of the ideal method is crucial for ensuring optimal absorption and utilization of this micronutrient and thus a feasible and sustainable management technology. Further research is warranted to establish official guidelines for the application of Ni in agricultural practices.

Abstract Mosaic chromosomal anomalies arising in the product of conception and the final fetal chromosomal arrangement are expression of complex biological mechanisms. The rescue of unbalanced chromosome with selection of the most viable cell line/s in the embryo and the unfavourable imbalances in placental tissues was documented in our previous paper and in the literature. We report four additional cases with mosaic derivative chromosomes in different feto-placental tissues, further showing the instability of an intermediate gross imbalance as a frequent mechanism of de novo cryptic deletions and duplications. In conclusion we underline how the extensive remodeling of unbalanced chromosomes in placental tissues represents the ‘backstage’ of de novo structural rearrangements, as the early phases of a long selection process that the genome undergo during embryogenesis.

Oyster farming plays a crucial role in sustainable food production due to its high nutritional value and relatively low environmental impact. However, in a scenario of increasing production, it is necessary to consider the issue of plastic use as a limitation to be addressed. A life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted on oyster farming in La Spezia (Italy) as a case study, utilizing 1 kg of packaged oysters as the functional unit. Fossil-based plastics and wooden packaging were identified as the primary environmental concerns. To analyze potential strategies for reducing the environmental impact of oyster farming, alternative scenarios were considered wherein fossil-based materials were replaced with bio-based materials. Specifically, this study examined the substitution of the current packaging, consisting of a wooden box and a polypropylene (PP) film, with a fully recyclable PP net. Additionally, polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), and bio-based polyethylene terephthalate (Bio-PET) were proposed as alternatives to virgin high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and PP for buoys, oyster bags, and boxes. Among the scenarios analyzed, the sole effective strategy to reduce the impact of plastics on the process is to replace them with PHA. In the other cases, the high energy consumption of their non-optimized production renders them disadvantageous options. However, the assessment must include the effects of degradation that traditional plastics can have in the marine environment, an aspect that potentially renders natural fibers more advantageous. The use of PP net packaging has demonstrated high efficacy in reducing impacts and provides a foundation for considering the need to combine sustainability and marketing with current legislation regarding food packaging.

Background: The kinematics of table tennis is a growing topic of scientific research. This study aimed to assess the kinematics and determine the coordination of the movements of most body segments during the execution of two types of serves (short and long) in table tennis, as well as to indicate the main differences between these serves when performed by high-level athletes. Methods: The study involved 15 male table tennis players. Each participant performed two tasks, performing short and long forehand serves with back-sidespin rotation, with up to 10 hits in the designated field for each type. The players’ movements were registered using an IMU system. Results and Conclusion: The research allowed for the development of a model for executing two types of serves in table tennis. The differences between short and long serves were mainly in the ranges of movement and angular velocities (higher for long serves). These were found in the shoulder rotation, elbow joint and wrist joint (primarily the flexion–extension movement), hand supination, and movement in the elbow joint, which also played an important role. Coaches and players should seriously consider these joints and movements in the training process. In the coordinated movement of the performed serves, a phenomenon of movement variability was observed, manifested by a large variability in execution and a low variability in the maximum speeds of the hand with the racket.

Introduction Adherence to best practices for care of hip fracture patients is fundamental to decreasing morbidity and mortality in older adults. This includes timely transfer from the hospital to rehabilitation soon after their surgical care. Hospitals experience challenges in implementing several best practices. We examined the potential barriers associated with timely discharge for patients who underwent a hip fracture surgery in an academic hospital in Ontario, Canada. Methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional review of a local database. We used descriptive statistics to characterize individuals according to the time of discharge after surgery. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with delayed discharge (>6 days post-surgery). Results A total of 492 patients who underwent hip fracture surgery between September 2019 and August 2020 were included in the study. The odds of having a delayed discharge occurred when patients had a higher frailty score (odds ratios [OR] 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02;1.38), experienced an episode of delirium (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.35;4.79), or were non-weightbearing (OR 3.00, 95% CI 1.07;8.43). Patients were less likely to have a delayed discharge when the surgery was on a weekend (OR .50, 95% CI .32;.79) compared to a weekday, patients had a total hip replacement (OR .28, 95% CI .10;.80) or dynamic hip screw fixation (OR .49, 95% CI .25;.98) compared to intramedullary nails, or patients who were discharged to long-term care (OR .05, 95% CI .02;.13), home (OR .26, 95% CI .15;.46), or transferred to another specialty in the hospital (OR .49, 95% CI .29;.84) compared to inpatient rehabilitation. Conclusions Clinical and organizational factors can operate as potential barriers to timely discharge after hip fracture surgery. Further research is needed to understand how to overcome these barriers and implement strategies to improve best practice for post-surgery hip fracture care.

Abstract Objective: to understand nurses’ leadership perceptions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazilian university hospitals, through the lens of John Kotter’s concepts and his eight-step change model. Method: a multicenter qualitative research with an analytical design. The sample comprised 139 nurses working in COVID-19 settings, interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. Data were categorized through Bardin’s content analysis based on John Kotter’s concepts and his eight-step change model. Results: the findings yielded significant insights into nurses’ perceptions of leadership during the COVID-19 response, which exhibited characteristics consistent with Kotter’s principles. There is evidence of leadership based on the pursuit of knowledge, grounded in polished communication, facilitating teamwork through a relationship of trust and respect. The recognition of the complexity and difficulty of exercising nursing leadership, particularly in crisis contexts, is apparent. Conclusion: nurses’ perceptions reinforce essential elements for leadership practice, such as the importance of seeking diverse knowledge, polished communication, relationships based on trust and respect, and recognition of the complexity of leadership, thus presenting characteristics in line with Kotter’s principles.

Abstract The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State The Netherlands for the pesticide active substance 1‐methylcyclopropene are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council for an amendment in approval conditions. The current approval of 1‐methylcyclopropene includes the specific provision ‘Only uses as plant growth regulator for post‐harvest storage in sealable warehouse may be authorised’. The applicant AgroFresh Holding France SAS submitted, in accordance with Article 7 of Reg. (EC) 1107/2009, an application to remove this specific provision in order to allow member states to authorise the use of products containing 1‐methylcyclopropene on outdoor crops pre‐harvest. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative use(s) of 1‐methylcyclopropene as a plant growth regulator via spray application on pome fruit. The reliable endpoints, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are reported where identified.

Abstract The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State Belgium for the pesticide active substance Pythium oligandrum strain B301 and the considerations as regards the inclusion of the substance in Annex IV of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of Pythium oligandrum strain B301 as a resistance inducer/elicitor to control trunk diseases on grapevines. The reliable endpoints, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are reported where identified.

Abstract The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State, The Netherlands for the pesticide active substance Phthorimaea operculella granulovirus are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of Phthorimaea operculella granulovirus as an insecticide on tomato (field and greenhouse uses) and on potato (field use) via spraying (tractor drawn or knapsack sprayers) or overhead irrigation. The reliable endpoints, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed.

Abstract The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State Poland and co‐rapporteur Member State Hungary for the pesticide active substance triclopyr (variant triclopyr‐butotyl) and the assessment of applications for maximum residue levels (MRLs) are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012, as amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2018/1659. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of triclopyr (variant triclopyr‐butotyl) as a herbicide on established pasture and non‐recreational amenity grassland (field use). MRLs were assessed in rice. The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment and the proposed MRLs, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are reported where identified.

Abstract The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, Belgium, and co‐rapporteur Member State, Austria, for the pesticide active substance lenacil are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012, as amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2018/1659. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of lenacil as a herbicide on sugar and fodder beet (field use). The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are reported where identified.