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Genovefa Kolovou,1 Vana Kolovou,1,2 Sophie Mavrogeni1 1Cardiology Department, 2Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece Abstract: Identifying the mechanisms that convert a healthy vascular wall to an atherosclerotic wall is of major importance since the consequences may lead to a shortened lifespan. Classical risk factors (age, smoking, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia) may result in the progression of atherosclerotic lesions by processes including inflammation and lipid accumulation. Thus, the evaluation of blood lipids and the full lipid complement produced by cells, organisms, or tissues (lipidomics) is an issue of importance. In this review, we shall describe the recent progress in vascular health research using lipidomic advances. We will begin with an overview of vascular wall biology and lipids, followed by a short analysis of lipidomics. Finally, we shall focus on the clinical implications of lipidomics and studies that have examined lipidomic approaches and vascular health. Keywords: lipidomics, lipids, vascular, atherosclerosis, mass spectrometry