Search

This article is devoted to the study of the relationship of value orientations and attitudes to communication in codependent women of different ages. In accordance with the idea of the study, we studied 225 women aged 20 to 55 years, who were divided into three groups depending on the identified level of codependency (high, medium and low). Research hypotheses: 1. It is possible that co-dependent women from different age groups have different value orientations; 2. In women, in accordance with the level of co-dependent behavior, there may be differences in the structure of the hierarchy of value orientations; 3. There may be a relationship between communicative attitudes and value orientations in codependent women. In the course of the empirical research, the following methods of psychological testing were used: the scale of codependency by B. Weinhold, J. Weinhold; the Method of “Value orientations” by M. Rokich; the Method of diagnosing the need to search for sensations by M. Zuckerman and the Method of diagnosing the communicative attitude by V. V. Boyko. The results obtained during the study can be used in the further work of consultants providing psychotherapeutic assistance to addicts and their family members.

The article is devoted to the problem of systemic value orientations of the personality of girls who are officially and informally married. In the modern world, the values of the family are very strongly influenced by negative trends, non-observance of traditions, unstable marriages, and the collapse of moral norms. Creating a family and fostering values for modern society is a difficult task. The purpose of the study: to identify the value orientations of young girls who are in an informal and official marriage. The paper consistently solves the following problems: the concept of value orientations is considered; the position of the family in the system of value orientations of girls who are in an informal and official marriage is revealed; domestic and foreign approaches to the study of value orientations are compared. Research methods: theoretical and empirical methods were used to solve the tasks set. As a result of the conducted empirical research, the formulated hypothesis is proved, the following tasks are solved: the value orientations of girls who are in an informal and official marriage are compared; the meaning of girls ' lives is investigated; the degree of satisfaction with marriage is revealed.

The article presents the results of a study of life meanings and values in connection with the life satisfaction of persons with drug addiction at the stage of rehabilitation. The urgency of the problem is determined by the fact that the statistics provided by the UN confirm that the number of people who use drugs is steadily increasing every year. In this regard, the issues of prevention of drug addiction and rehabilitation of addicts for the Russian society are today the most acute and represent a global problem. The results obtained in the study state that for drug addicts at the stage of rehabilitation, they begin to have a meaningful attitude to their life, positively assess the life path they have passed and the experience gained, considering it the beginning of a new stage in life, and make plans for the future. This fact may indicate the productivity of the rehabilitation program. They do not think about how much life in general is subject to control on their part. The respondents attach value to the very living of life, feel the need to be able to feel love in all its manifestations. Status and altruistic meanings are of the least importance in the respondents' system of life meanings. Hedonistic meanings of life prevail, acceptance of life as it is. Also, statistically significant relationships were found between the components of life meanings and values and the components of life satisfaction in drug addicts.

Today, the agro-industrial complex is the most important factor in the formation and development of the Russian economy. In the modern market economy of Russia, special attention is paid to the personality of the head of the agro-industrial complex. In connection with the development of the economy and technological progress, society is increasingly in need of an increase in the number of qualified and successful representatives of the management apparatus of this industry. On the basis of which we conducted an empirical study, where the object was 40 managers of various pilot production enterprises of the Rostov region. In the course of the empirical study, the following methods were used: “The scale of basic beliefs” (in the modification of M. A. Padun, A.V. Kotelnikova), Proactive coping inventory in the adaptation of E. Starchenkova, “Methods of coping behavior “ by R. Lazarus and S. Folkman, the Life Style Index (LSI). These recommendations can be taken into account by managers and employees of personnel services of enterprises of the agro-industrial complex when forming systems of motivation and development of the highest needs of employees holding managerial positions in modern market conditions.

Nowadays, the Internet has a serious impact on the human psyche, and this problem is only gaining momentum. During the COVID-19 pandemic, as part of a forced necessity, the whole world moved to the global information space. There are both pros and cons to such absolute digitalization. We, as psychologists, will be interested in the other side of the coin. On the basis of this, we conducted an empirical study dedicated to the study of the psychological characteristics of the personality of students with varying degrees of severity of Internet addiction. This article will present the results of a study involving 250 students from various universities in Russia. In the course of empirical research, we used the following methods: an author’s questionnaire to determine the amount and quality of time spent by respondents on the Internet; Diagnostics of the tendency to 13 types of addictions (G.V. Lozovaya); Test “Self-assessment of mental states” (G.Yu. Eysenck); Methodology “Diagnostics of typologies of psychological defense” (R. Plutchikas adapted by L.I. Wasserman, O.F. Eryshev, E.B. Klubova, etc.); Methodology for «Determining stress resistance and social adaptation» of Holmes and Rage; Kimberly Young «Internet Addiction Test». The results obtained in the course of the research can be used by practicing psychologists, psychotherapists, clinical psychologists when working with addicts and co-addicts. The presented results can be applied in the practice of the educational process as prevention of Internet addiction.

The presence of codependent behavior affects many areas of life, while distorting most of the personality's beliefs. Some of the most striking distortions concern the notion of success. At the same time, in conditions of uncertainty (for example, during the COVID-19 pandemic), these changes began to be of a special nature, which can be reflected not only in the features of psychocorrectional measures, but also on the quality of life of the codependent individual as a whole. The empirical object of the study was 167 women, aged 29-35 years, in relationships (in two study periods: "before the pandemic" and "during the pandemic"). Based on the test "Scale for measuring codependency in relationships" (L. Spann-D. Fisher, adapted by V. D. Moskalenko), the sample was divided into 2 subgroups of 47 people: women with a normal level of codependency, women with pronounced codependency. The article shows that the level of codependency of women during the period "during a pandemic" is associated with the fear of not having enough time devoted to the family, with the fear of saving the family and with the fear of a leadership position. We found a relationship between the manifestation of codependency in women during a pandemic and an orientation toward failure. There is a relationship between pre-pandemic level of codependency in women and women's perceptions of success. The level of manifestation of codependency in women in the period "before the pandemic" has an inverse relationship associated with the fear of a lack of time devoted to the family, with the fear of a leadership position. A direct correlation was revealed between their level of codependency and dissatisfaction with their professional role. A relationship was found between the level of codependency and the orientation towards success.

In any branch of the agro-industrial complex, a special role is played by the management team. The success of an agro-industrial enterprise depends largely on the level of motivation of its head, as he forms and directs the work of subordinate personnel. Despite extensive theoretical and practical research in the field of labor motivation, these studies lack an industry-specific approach that takes into account the specifics of the labor activity of managers of the agro-industrial sector of production. The object of the study was 30 managers of various experimental production farms in the Rostov region. During the empirical study, two test methods were used: “career Anchors” (E. Shane) and “Motivational profile” (S. Ritchie and P. Martin), as well as the author’s projective questionnaire. The practical significance of the work consists in scientifically-based recommendations developed based on the analysis of the results of the study. These recommendations can be taken into account by managers and employees of personnel services of enterprises in the agro-industrial area when forming systems of motivation and development of higher needs for employees who hold senior positions in modern market conditions.

The modern social environment in general, and educational in particular, imposes a number of requirements on the personality of the student as a future representative of the professional community. This manifests itself in the need to master professional knowledge and skills in the conditions of constantly changing requirements, planning their activities for the short and / or long term, as well as multiple flexibility of behavior. The object of the research was 100 students of various faculties of DSTU (technical and humanitarian orientation). In the course of the empirical study, we used diagnostic methods for identifying self-regulation mechanisms in the student environment "USK" by J. Rotter; a questionnaire for the diagnosis of individual stylistic features of self-regulation (V. I. Morosanova), the methodology “Research of volitional self-regulation” (A. V. Zverkova, E. V. Eydman). The practical significance of the work lies in the subsequent use of the data obtained in the framework of psychocorrectional work with students of the organization of secondary vocational education.

Dynamism in culture and personal value orientations leave their mark on such a socio-cultural phenomenon as success. It is classified as one of those concepts, the life meaning of which is clearly understood by everyday consciousness, but its psychological essence is sometimes not obvious due to the multifaceted nature of its meanings and relationships, expressed in its semantics. It was proved that codependent relationships affect the value-semantic sphere of the codependent, the content characteristics of the value-semantic sphere of the codependent change. Among other things, ideas about one's own life, one's future may change, the image of the I and the image of the world, the idea of success, change. The study involved 167 participants - women in codependent relationships. Research methods: methodology "Research of ideas about successful professional activity" (O. Yu. Klochkova); methodology "Motivation for success and fear of failure" (A. A. Rean); methodology "Self-assessment of manifestations of fear of success" (G.V. Turetskaya); scale of measuring codependency in relationships (L. Spann-D. Fisher, adapted by V.D. Moskalenko). Statistical analysis and data processing were performed using the «Microsoft Excel 7.0» и «SPSS» (22.0). Our comparative analysis of the data made it possible to reveal that there are significant differences in the indicators of ideas about success among women with a high and normal level of codependency, and there is also a relationship between the level of codependency and ideas about success.

In the digital age of a transitive society, interaction between people is undergoing significant changes. Many researchers talk about the virtualization of modern society, in which visual communication comes to the fore. However, despite the prevalence of the above-mentioned processes, questions remain about strategies for presenting themselves to society using social networks, and how people position themselves when publicly presenting themselves in an online environment. As part of the empirical study, the object was 30 boys and 30 girls, representatives of modern youth who actively use social networks. The age of the subjects is from 14 to 17 years. We used four test methods: the "Who am I" Method of Kuhn and McPortland; the "Scale of self-presentation tactics" by S.J. Li in the adaptation of Pikuleva O.A.; "Scale of perfectionist self-presentation" By P. Hewitt in the adaptation of Zolotareva A.A.; "Test of self-confidence" by V.G. Romek. The theoretical and practical significance of the research lies in the development of ideas about the specifics of self-presentation of modern youth who actively use social networks. The results of the study can be used in the practice of family and individual counseling of parents and adolescents, as well as in teachers and psychologists of various educational institutions.

The Last decades have witnessed elevated tension and conflicts in young people’s environment. There has been an increase in crime, terrorism, suicides, addictions, and other behavioral deviations among the young. Up to the 21st century, hostility was equated with aggression in its broad, non-differentiated sense. Today hostility is considered to be an inflexible and complex personality trait. Recent studies show that several genes can be viewed as genetic predictors of aggressiveness and hostility (Rodríguez-Ramos Á., Et al., 2019; Tkachenko O.N., 2016). The paper investigates the relationship between genotype and ethnicity as predisposing factors in manifesting hostile behavior. The study involved 320 participants - adolescents and young men of different ethnicity (Russians, Armenians, Dagestanis, Kabardians), aged from 12 to 19. Research methods: Buss-Durkee Hostility inventory (in the adaptation of Osnitsky A.K., 1998); isolation genomic DNA from buccal epithelial cells. Genotypes and alleles of the monoamine oxidase enzyme (MAOA) gene were considered as a candidate gene. Statistical analysis and data processing were performed using the PSPP 0.8 5. It was established that the low-active variant of the MAOA monoamine oxidase A gene (LPR) plays a significant role in determining the risk of hostile behavior. As far as the ethnic factor is concerned, low-level MAOA variants have significant differences in the populations of Russians compared with Dagestanis, or Kabardians. The results received contribute to understanding the relationships between genetics and behavior. It will help develop effective methods for the prevention of aggressive and hostile behavioral patterns.

The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of psychological characteristics of the manifestation of co-dependent behavior of women. The novelty of the study lies in the development of psychodiagnostics criteria for identifying co-dependent behavior using the content analysis method, using the Thematic Apperceptive Test (TAT) tables with the aim of further developing a set of therapeutic measures. The study involved 152 women from the Rostov region of the Russian Federation aged 17 to 30 years, exhibiting varying degrees of codependence and living with a drug-dependent partner for at least 5 years. The study was carried out using standardized psychological tests and projective methods, which made it possible to identify the degree of manifestation of co-dependent behavior: test “The scale of co-dependence in relations (Spann Fisher)” (adaptation Moskalenko); “Write a story” technique (stimulus material of tables 2, 4 and 6 of TAT. It has been established that content analysis allows us to determine qualitative differences in the degree of manifestation of co-dependent behavior, which we can identify and use in the initial stage of therapy with a co-dependent client, which means that it allows not only to quickly identify the condition, but also to determine its intensity.

One of the most famous projective techniques around the world – G. Rorschach inkblot test. In many countries this technique is rather popular because it can give the chance of both the qualitative and quantitative analysis. This thesis is confirmed in research works of J. Eksner Institute. For several decades J. Eksner Institute (USA) have been collected psychometric data with using Rorschach test in various groups of the population. These studies make it possible to conduct a clinical and psychological studies and determine the mental status of the subject. Our research is devoted to informational content of Rorschach test of women who have difficulties in interpersonal interaction within their family (with an addictive partner). It was shown that with increase of manifestation intensity of codependent behavior also the orientation of codependent women in interpersonal interaction changes, the coding symbols (determinants), specific for the codependent women, in answers to the third table of Rorschach test (an integrative system of J. Eksner) were also revealed. The practical relevance of this research is that the obtained results can form a basis of express diagnostics of the women having difficulties in interpersonal interaction within the family (husbands, children).

Abstract Background Effectiveness of L-asparaginase administration in acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment is mirrored in the overall outcome of patients. Generally, leukemia patients differ in their sensitivity to L-asparaginase; however, the mechanism underlying their inter-individual differences is still not fully understood. We have previously shown that L-asparaginase rewires the biosynthetic and bioenergetic pathways of leukemia cells to activate both anti-leukemic and pro-survival processes. Herein, we investigated the relationship between the metabolic profile of leukemia cells and their sensitivity to currently used cytostatic drugs. Methods Altogether, 19 leukemia cell lines, primary leukemia cells from 26 patients and 2 healthy controls were used. Glycolytic function and mitochondrial respiration were measured using Seahorse Bioanalyzer. Sensitivity to cytostatics was measured using MTS assay and/or absolute count and flow cytometry. Mitochondrial membrane potential was determined as TMRE fluorescence. Results Using cell lines and primary patient samples we characterized the basal metabolic state of cells derived from different leukemia subtypes and assessed their sensitivity to cytostatic drugs. We found that leukemia cells cluster into distinct groups according to their metabolic profile. Lymphoid leukemia cell lines and patients sensitive to L-asparaginase clustered into the low glycolytic cluster. While lymphoid leukemia cells with lower sensitivity to L-asparaginase together with resistant normal mononuclear blood cells gathered into the high glycolytic cluster. Furthermore, we observed a correlation of specific metabolic parameters with the sensitivity to L-asparaginase. Greater ATP-linked respiration and lower basal mitochondrial membrane potential in cells significantly correlated with higher sensitivity to L-asparaginase. No such correlation was found in the other cytostatic drugs tested by us. Conclusions These data support that cell metabolism plays a prominent role in the treatment effect of L-asparaginase. Based on these findings, leukemia patients with lower sensitivity to L-asparaginase with no specific genetic characterization could be identified by their metabolic profile.

Magnusiomyces capitatus (previously known as Geotrichum capitatum or Blastoschizomyces capitatus or Trichosporon capitatum) is a rare cause of fungal infection in immunocompromised patients. Most of these cases (87%) have been reported from the Mediterranean region, as it is extremely rare to recognize it in other regions. Here we report a first case of disseminated M. capitatus infection in Slovakia. The patient – 19 year old woman with myelodysplastic syndrome was diagnosed with M. capitatus fungemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The infection occurred despite antifungal prophylaxis with micafungin, which was in vitro sensitive to the yeast. The treatment according to minimal inhibitory concentrations (micafungin, voriconazol) and granulocyte transfusions were administered. M. capitatus was cleared out from the bloodstream. However, patient died of multiple organ failure. Autopsy showed multiple lesions in organs, but did not prove presence of yeast by histopathology. M. capitatus was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction from all tested organs: heart, brain, lungs, spleen, liver and kidneys. We present the post mortem pictures showing the yeast lesions in affected organs. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Multifunctional proteins, which play a critical role in many biological processes, have typically evolved through the recruitment of different domains that have the required functional diversity. Thus the different activities displayed by these proteins are mediated by spatially distinct domains, consistent with the specific chemical requirements of each activity. Indeed, current evolutionary theory argues that the colocalization of diverse activities within an enzyme is likely to be a rare event, because it would compromise the existing activity of the protein. In contrast to this view, a potential example of multifunctional recruitment into a single protein domain is provided by CtCel5C-CE2, which contains an N-terminal module that displays cellulase activity and a C-terminal module, CtCE2, which exhibits a noncatalytic cellulose-binding function but also shares sequence identity with the CE2 family of esterases. Here we show that, unlike other CE2 members, the CtCE2 domain displays divergent catalytic esterase and noncatalytic carbohydrate binding functions. Intriguingly, these diverse activities are housed within the same site on the protein. Thus, a critical component of the active site of CtCE2, the catalytic Ser-His dyad, in harness with inserted aromatic residues, confers noncatalytic binding to cellulose whilst the active site of the domain retains its esterase activity. CtCE2 catalyses deacetylation of noncellulosic plant structural polysaccharides to deprotect these substrates for attack by other enzymes. Yet it also acts as a cellulose-binding domain, which promotes the activity of the appended cellulase on recalcitrant substrates. The CE2 family encapsulates the requirement for multiple activities by biocatalysts that attack challenging macromolecular substrates, including the grafting of a second, powerful and discrete noncatalytic binding functionality into the active site of an enzyme. This article provides a rare example of "gene sharing," where the introduction of a second functionality into the active site of an enzyme does not compromise the original activity of the biocatalyst.

Background. Currently, psychological knowledge integrates theories on codependent behavior, advancing our understanding of this phenomenon. However, empirical research is lacking to understand its specific manifestations in relation to different types of addiction. Objective. To identify the features of self-attitude and reflection in codependent women. Design. The study included 233 women (ages 18–70), including 102 in relationships with a person addicted to alcohol, drugs, or suffering from a non-chemical addiction). The study was conducted using the following methods: Self-Attitude Questionnaire (Stolin & Panteleev, 1988); Differential Type of Reflection Questionnaire (Leontiev, 2009); and Codependency Self-Inventory Scale (CSIS; Weinhold & Weinhold, 1989; translated by A. G. Cheslavskaya, 2002). Results. Significant differences were observed in self-attitude and reflection. Women with high codependency have lower self-esteem and tend to underestimate their abilities, compared to the control group. They also exhibit a lower sense of control over their lives, lower self-consistency; they tend to focus on their weaknesses and shortcomings and are more inclined to self-blame. Quasi-reflexivity is more common in codependent women who have relationships with non-chemical addicts or do not identify an addict in their lives. Conclusion. There are significant differences in self-attitude and reflection between the control group and subgroups of women in relationships with different types of addicts; the same differences were observed in comparison of women with low and high codependency levels. The study contributes to a better understanding of the psychological mechanisms underlying codependent behavior in women and has implications for future research and clinical practice.

Abstract The gut microbiota of paediatric oncology patients undergoing a conditioning regimen before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is recently considered to play role in febrile neutropenia. Disruption of commensal microbiota and evolution of opportune pathogens community carrying a plethora of antibiotic-resistance genes play crucial role. However, the impact, predictive role and association of patient´s gut resistome in the course of the therapy is still to be elucidated. We analysed gut microbiota composition and resistome of 18 paediatric oncology patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, including 12 patients developing febrile neutropenia, hospitalized at The Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit of the National Institute of Children´s disease in Slovak Republic and healthy individuals (n = 14). Gut microbiome of stool samples obtained in 3 time points, before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (n = 16), one week after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (n = 16) and four weeks after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (n = 14) was investigated using shotgun metagenome sequencing and bioinformatical analysis. We identified significant decrease in alpha-diversity and nine antibiotic-resistance genes msr(C), dfrG, erm(T), VanHAX, erm(B), aac(6)-aph(2), aph(3)-III, ant(6)-Ia and aac(6)-Ii, one week after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation associated with febrile neutropenia. Multidrug-resistant opportune pathogens of ESKAPE, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli found in the gut carried the significant subset of patient’s resistome. Over 50% of patients treated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, piperacillin/tazobactam and amikacin carried antibiotic-resistance genes to applied treatment. The alpha diversity and the resistome of gut microbiota one week after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is relevant predictor of febrile neutropenia outcome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Furthermore, the interindividual diversity of multi-drug resistant opportunistic pathogens with variable portfolios of antibiotic-resistance genes indicates necessity of preventive, personalized approach.

The objective of our study was to investigate the genetic predictors of self-regulation and related characteristics indicative of a higher level of rational behavior control. The study 107 female participants aged between 22 and 52 years, with an average age of 33.5 years (Russian Federation). In order to measure level of self-regulation and other characteristics corresponding to a higher level of rational behavioral control the following psychological tests were employed: the “Differential Type of Reflection” questionnaire (Leontyev D.A.), the “Style of Self-Regulation of Behavior” questionnaire (Morosanova, Kholopova, 1995), and the Test of Life-Meaning Orientations (D.A. Leontyeva, 1988). Genotyping was use to examine polymorphisms of the COMT, DRD2 genes. Our findings demonstrate significant differences in the level of systemic reflection among carriers of different genotypes of the DRD2 and COMT genes. The highest level of systemic reflection in carriers of the CC genotype for the DRD2 gene and a heterozygous variant of the COMT gene suggests a balance between the elevated dopaminergic activity characteristic of the CC DRD2 genotype and moderate COMT activity, fostering optimal dopamine metabolism.

This study examined psychological characteristics and behavioral regulation in codependent women. The study aimed to identify personality traits, approval motivation, and empathy levels as predictors of behavioral regulation in codependent women. A total of 102 women (mean age 30.39 years) in relationships or related to alcohol, drug, or non-chemical addicts participated. Psychological testing and survey were used to assess codependence, aggression, empathy, need for approval, cognitive regulation of emotions, and self-regulation strategies: codependency Self-Inventory scale (CSIS; B. Weinhold, J. Weinhold); questionnaire “Auto- and Aggression to others” (E.P. Ilyin); method “Diagnosis of the level of empathy” (V. V. Boyko); Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (adapted by Yu.L.Khanin); The questionnaire of cognitive regulation of emotions (Rasskazova E.I., Leonova A.B., Pluzhnikov I.V.) and the questionnaire “Style of self-regulation of behavior” (Morosanova V.I.). Results suggest that personal characteristics, approval motivation, and empathy can predict the severity of codependence, manifestation of aggressiveness, self-regulation strategies, and cognitive regulation strategies in codependent women.

Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a severe complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Our study focused on identifying multidrug-resistant (MDR) gut bacteria associated with GvHD-prone guts and association with gut microbiota (GM) diversity, bacteriome, and mycobiome composition in post-HSCT patients. We examined 11 pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), including six with GvHD, within three time points: seven days pre-HSCT, seven days post-, and 28 days post-HSCT. The gut microbiome and its resistome were investigated using metagenomic sequencing, taxonomically classified with Kraken2, and statistically evaluated for significance using appropriate tests. We observed an increase in the abundance of MDR bacteria, mainly Enterococcus faecium strains carrying msr(C), erm(T), aac(6′)-li, dfrG, and ant(6)-la genes, in GvHD patients one week post-HSCT. Conversely, non-GvHD patients had more MDR beneficial bacteria pre-HSCT, promoting immunosurveillance, with resistance genes increasing one-month post-HSCT. MDR beneficial bacteria included the anti-inflammatory Bacteroides fragilis, Ruminococcus gnavus, and Turicibacter, while most MDR bacteria represented the dominant species of GM. Changes in the gut mycobiome were not associated with MDR bacterial monodominance or GvHD. Significant α-diversity decline (Shannon index) one week and one month post-HSCT in GvHD patients (p < 0.05) was accompanied by increased Pseudomonadota and decreased Bacteroidota post-HSCT. Our findings suggest that MDR commensal gut bacteria may preserve diversity and enhance immunosurveillance, potentially preventing GvHD in pediatric ALL patients undergoing HSCT. This observation has therapeutic implications.

Recently, we described B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) subtype with early switch to the monocytic lineage and loss of the B-cell immunophenotype, including CD19 expression. Thus far, the genetic background has remained unknown. Among 726 children consecutively diagnosed with BCP-ALL, 8% patients experienced switch detectable by flow cytometry (FC). Using exome and RNA sequencing, switch was found to positively correlate with three different genetic subtypes: PAX5-P80R mutation (5 cases with switch out of 5), rearranged DUX4 (DUX4r; 30 cases of 41) and rearranged ZNF384 (ZNF384r; 4 cases of 10). Expression profiles or phenotypic patterns correlated with genotypes, but within each genotype they could not identify cases who subsequently switched. If switching was not taken into account, the B-cell-oriented FC assessment underestimated the minimal residual disease level. For patients with PAX5-P80R, a discordance between FC-determined and PCR-determined MRD was found on day 15, resulting from a rapid loss of the B-cell phenotype. Discordance on day 33 was observed in all the DUX4r, PAX5-P80R and ZNF384r subtypes. Importantly, despite the substantial phenotypic changes, possibly even challenging the appropriateness of BCP-ALL therapy, the monocytic switch was not associated with a higher incidence of relapse and poorer prognosis in patients undergoing standard ALL treatment.