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Superior gluteal artery pseudoaneurysms are uncommon with the main causes being trauma and iatrogenic. They have been treated by coil embolization, open surgery, or thrombin injection. A 36-year-old female with leucocytosis underwent bone marrow biopsy following which she developed pain and left lower limb weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging showed hematoma in the left pyriformis muscles probably compressing the sciatic nerve. A computed tomography angiogram confirmed a left superior gluteal artery partially thrombosed pseudoaneurysm which was subsequently treated by coil embolization. A high degree of suspicion of this complication early imaging and management can prevent significant blood loss and mortality.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic role of acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI) in differentiating benign and malignant cervical nodes. Methods: This was a diagnostic accuracy cross-sectional study. All patients who underwent ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of cervical nodes were included. Patients without FNAC/biopsy and patients in whom cervical nodes were cystic or completely necrotic were excluded. FNAC was used as reference investigation to predict the diagnostic accuracy. In all cases, FNAC was carried out after the B-mode, color Doppler and the ARFI imaging. In patients with multiple cervical lymph nodes, the most suspicious node based on grayscale findings was chosen for ARFI. ARFI included Virtual Touch imaging (VTI), area ratio (AR), and shear wave velocity (SWV) for each node, and the results were compared with FNAC/biopsy. Results: The final analysis included 166 patients. Dark VTI elastograms had sensitivity and specificity of 86.2% and 72.1%, respectively, in identifying malignant nodes. Sensitivity and specificity of AR were 71.3% and 82.3%, respectively, for a cutoff of 1.155. Median SWV of benign and malignant nodes was 1.9 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.56–2.55] m/s and 6.7 (95% CI, 2.87–9.10) m/s, respectively. SWV >2.68 m/s helped in identifying malignant nodes with 81% specificity, 81.6% sensitivity, and 81.3% accuracy. ARFI was found to be inaccurate in tuberculous and lymphomatous nodes. Conclusion: Malignant nodes had significantly darker elastograms, higher AR and SWV compared to benign nodes, and SWV was the most accurate parameter. ARFI accurately identifies malignant nodes, hence could potentially avoid unwarranted biopsy.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to assess the correlation between regional leptomeningeal collateral (rLMC) Scores calculated on computed tomography (CT) angiography following acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke, with 3-month clinical outcome measured as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Barthel Index (BI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of thirty patients were studied as per the exclusion and inclusion criteria and after informed consent. Multi-phase CT angiography was carried out within 24 h of stroke onset, and collateral scoring was done using rLMC score along with Alberta stroke programme early CT (ASPECT) scoring. At 3 months, patients were followed up to evaluate the clinical outcome using mRS and BI. Statistical analysis was performed to find out the correlation between rLMC score, ASPECT score, and clinical outcome and for association with demographic parameters and stroke risk factors. RESULTS: A strong correlation was noted between ASPECT and rLMC scores (P < 0.001) and between rLMC scores and clinical outcome at 3 months (mRS and BI). Correlation with mRS (P < 0.001) was nearly as strong as that of BI on follow-up (P < 0.001). The ASPECT score also was a predictor of clinical outcome and showed correlation with mRS (P < 0.001) and BI (P < 0.001). No significant association was found between various stroke risk factors and demographic parameters with rLMC scores. The rLMC scoring system showed substantial inter-rater reliability with Kappa = 0.7. CONCLUSIONS: rLMC score in CT angiography correlates with ASPECT Score and clinical outcome at 3 months. Hence, this scoring system can be used for collateral quantification as may be of use in predicting short-term clinical outcomes.

Background: Patients are treated with statins for the control of cholesterol; but statins control only low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and not non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL). Also, LDL is not a good coronary risk predictor. That creates the necessity to find a better biomarker for future coronary risk prediction. Hence, biomarkers under this territory such as total cholesterol (TC)/HDL, LDL/HDL, triglyceride (TG)/HDL ratios, non-HDL, apolipoprotein-B (apo-B), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were to be assessed and correlated with LDL to find the better biomarker in Indian patients. Objective: The objective was to study non-HDL, apo-B, TC/HDL, TG/HDL, LDL/HDL ratios, and hs-CRP in patients under statin therapy; and to correlate them with their LDL; to predict the risk of future coronary events; and to identify which biomarker among them is better at detecting the same. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study performed by systematic random sampling among 87 patients under statin therapy, and the levels of LDL, TC/HDL, LDL/HDL, TG/HDL ratios, non-HDL, apo-B, and hs-CRP were measured in such patients, and their correlation with optimized and unoptimized LDL groups were done. Continuous data were represented as mean and standard deviation, andP value was calculated using independent t-test or z-test. Results: Non-HDL, TC/HDL, and LDL/HDL ratios were found to be statistically significant – all three parameters withP < 0.0001 in predicting the coronary artery disease attacks in the future. Conclusion: Even though all patients in our study were under statin therapy, they are still under the risk of developing coronary events. This can be solved by targeting the control of non-HDL or TC/HDL or LDL/HDL ratios, as they are found be better biomarkers for future coronary risk prediction.

Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PCH) is a rare cause of primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) diagnosed in children and young adults with a nonspecific clinical presentation of dyspnea, cough, chest pain, and fatigue. It is characterized by extensive proliferation of pulmonary capillaries within alveolar septa. The imaging features include diffuse centrilobular ground-glass opacities with features of pulmonary hypertension. We present a case of PCH in an 11-year-old boy who was diagnosed with PPH in echocardiography and referred for diagnostic imaging.

Sodium valproate and tomato extract have been studied in different experimental models of epilepsy individually. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of lycopene on the antiepileptic effects of sodium valproate against pentylenetetrazol-induced kindling in mice. Swiss albino mice of either sex were randomly divided into 5 groups, with each group containing 8 mice. These groups were treated with pentylenetetrazol (45 mg/kg on days 8, 10, and 12 and 70 mg/kg on day 14 day, i.p.); sodium valproate (200 mg/kg, p.o.) + pentylenetetrazol; lycopene (2 mg/kg, p.o.) + sodium valproate (200 mg/kg, p.o.) + pentylenetetrazol; and lycopene (4 mg/kg, p.o.) + sodium valproate (200 mg/kg, p.o.) + pentylenetetrazol, for 14 days, respectively. After treatment, the animals were observed for 30 minutes for behavioral analysis. Subsequently, the animals were sacrificed, and their brain was removed for the biochemical estimations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, catalase, superoxide dismutase activity, reduced glutathione, and gamma-aminobutyric acid. Significant pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure was characterized by alteration in the seizure score and latency as well as a significant increase in the levels of brain thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and a significant decrease in reduced glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and gamma-aminobutyric acid levels. Treatment with sodium valproate and lycopene significantly restored the seizure score, latency, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, reduced glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and gamma-aminobutyric acid levels near to normal compared to pentylenetetrazol. The present study provides experimental evidence that a combination therapy of lycopene along with sodium valproate attenuated seizure and oxidative stress against pentylenetetrazol-induced kindling in mice.

Background: Steroid replacement without thyroxine supplementation normalizes thyroid function test (TFT) in some but not all Addison's disease patients with primary hypothyroidism. Both autoimmune and nonautoimmune mechanisms contribute to this improvement in TFT. However, the documentation of the change in thyroid autoimmunity after cortisol replacement is very limited in the literature. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of steroid replacement on TFT and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO-Ab) titer in Addison's disease with primary hypothyroidism. Materials and Methods: This observational study was conducted in a tertiary care center in South India. Six Addison's disease patients with primary hypothyroidism, who were only on steroid replacement, were included in the study. Low serum cortisol (22 pmol/L) and/or hyperpigmentation of skin/mucous membranes was considered as the diagnostic criteria for Addison's disease. Primary hypothyroidism (both overt and subclinical) was defined as high thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) with/without low free thyroxine (fT4). TFT and anti-TPO-Ab were performed before and after steroid replacement in all of them. Results: Poststeroid replacement, there was a normalization of TSH in all but one subjects. In overt hypothyroidism patients, fT4 also normalized. The improvement in TFT was not associated with decreasing titer of the anti-TPO-Ab in all six patients. However, there was a significant difference in TSH after steroid replacement compared to the baseline status. Conclusions: The concept of normalization of primary hypothyroidism with cortisol replacement in patients with Addison's disease should be recognized to avoid iatrogenic thyrotoxicosis caused by thyroxine replacement. Both autoimmune and nonautoimmune mechanisms contribute to these alterations.

Introduction: The Expanded Endonasal Approaches (EEAs) have been widely used for various skull base lesions. The reconstruction of the skull base defects is of vital importance to prevent postoperative complications. The vascular pediclednasoseptal flap (Hadad-Bassagasteguy flap) is used as a workhorse in reconstruction of majority of the defects. Aim: The purpose of this study was: (a) To assess the postoperative MRI appearance of vascularised pedicled nasoseptal flap for its viability; (b) To determine the variations in MRI that may suggest potential flap failure. Materials and Methods: A prospective study of 13 patients was done, who underwent endoscopic skull base surgery with reconstruction using the Hadad-Bassagasteguy flap. Preoperative MRI was done to assess the size, extent and location of the lesion and a postoperative MRI was done to evaluate flap configuration, enhancement patterns, location, flap thickness and signal intensity characteristics. Results: The postoperative MRI of all patients showed a detectable flap covering over the skull base defects forming an “open cup” appearance. They were uniformly isointense on T1weighted/ fat suppressed images to the adjacent nasal mucosa and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. On the MRI scans done after four weeks, all 13 of our patients had enhancing flaps. One flap migrated slightly to the left side; however, there was no Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) leak. Conclusion: Vascular pedicle nasoseptal (Hadad) flaps are being widely used. MRI is a very useful tool in assessing the viability of the flap postoperatively and to evaluate for variations that may suggest potential flap failure.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has established itself as diagnostic modality of choice of soft tissue and musculoskeletal lesions but dermatological lesions have been diagnosed mainly by clinical examination. We present MRI features of dermal and subcutaneous verrucous hemangioma involving the dorsum of foot in a 20-year-old male and its usefulness in differentiating it from angiokeratoma with similar clinical features.

Summary: The monkeypox virus (Mpoxv) Clade IIb viruses that caused an outbreak in 2017–18 in Nigeria and its genetically related viruses have been detected in many countries and caused multi-country outbreak in 2022. Since the pandemic-causing Mpoxv Clade IIb viruses are closely related to Clade IIa viruses which mostly cause endemic, the Clade IIb Mpoxv might have certain specific genetic variations that are still largely unknown. Here, we have systematically analyzed genetic alterations in different clades of Mpox viruses. The results suggest that the Mpoxv Clade IIb have genetic variations in terms of genomic gaps, frameshift mutations, in-frame nonsense mutations, amino acid tandem repeats, and APOBEC3 mutations. Further, we observed specific genetic variations in the multiple genes specific for Clade I and Clade IIb, and exclusive genetic variations for Clade IIa and Clade IIb. Collectively, findings shed light on the evolution and genetic variations in the outbreak of 2022 causing Mpoxv Clade IIb.

The lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), which mostly affects ruminants and causes huge-economic loss, was endemic in Africa, caused outbreaks in the Middle East, and was recently detected in Russia, Serbia, Greece, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, and India. However, the role of evolutionary drivers such as codon selection, negative/purifying selection, APOBEC editing, and genetic variations such as frameshift and in-frame nonsense mutations in the LSDVs, which cause outbreaks in cattle in various countries, are still largely unknown. In the present study, a frameshift mutation in LSDV035, LSDV019, LSDV134, and LSDV144 genes and in-frame non-sense mutations in LSDV026, LSDV086, LSDV087, LSDV114, LSDV130, LSDV131, LSDV145, LSDV154, LSDV155, LSDV057, and LSDV081 genes were revealed among different clusters. Based on the available complete genome sequences, the prototype wild-type cluster-1.2.1 virus has been found in other than Africa only in India, the wild-type cluster-1.2.2 virus found in Africa were spread outside Africa, and the recombinant viruses spreading only in Asia and Russia. Although LSD viruses circulating in different countries form a specific cluster, the viruses detected in each specific country are distinguished by frameshift and in-frame nonsense mutations. Furthermore, the present study has brought to light that the selection pressure for codons usage bias is mostly exerted by purifying selection, and this process is possibly caused by APOBEC editing. Overall, the present study sheds light on microevolutions in LSDV, expected to help in future studies towards disturbed ORFs, epidemiological diagnostics, attenuation/vaccine reverts, and predicting the evolutionary direction of LSDVs.

In the recent past, room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are being explored for possible applications in nuclear fuel cycle. RTILs are being studied as an alternative to the diluent, n-dodecane (n-DD), in aqueous reprocessing and as possible substitute to high-temperature molten salts in nonaqueous reprocessing applications. This paper deals with the current status of the electrochemical research aimed at the recovery of actinides and fission products using room-temperature ionic liquid as medium. The dissolution of actinide and lanthanide oxides in ionic liquid media and the electrochemical behavior of the resultant solutions are discussed in this paper.

Neurovascular conflicts are common in the posterior fossa and basal cisterns due to coexistence of important neural and vascular structures. Neurovascular conflict arising from compression of the cranial nerves by pulsatile flow in the adjacent atherosclerotic arteries is well known and is associated with conditions like trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm, and glossopharyngeal neuralgia. The medulla is known to be affected by dilated tortuous (dolichoectatic) vertebrobasilar arteries in the elderly or hypertensive. The vertebral artery causing the compression can be dolichoectatic or normal dominant vertebral artery or an elongated tortuous artery. Very few cases of medullary compression by non-dolichoectatic elongated tortuous or dominant vertebral artery were reported in the literature. In this article, we report three cases of medullary compression by the dominant and angulated vertebral artery. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with MR angiography showed indentation of the anterolateral aspect of the inferior medulla by the vertebral artery. The patients are managed conservatively and on regular follow-up.

Abstract In recent years, rapid development in the industrial sector has offered console to the people but at the same time, generates numerous amounts of effluent composed of toxic elements like nitrogen, phosphorus, hydrocarbons, and heavy metals that influences the environment and mankind hazardously. While the technological advancements are made in industrial effluent treatment, there arising stretch in the techniques directing on hybrid system that are effective in resource recovery from effluent in an economical, less time consuming and viable manner. The key objective of this article is to study, propose and deliberate the process and products obtained from different industries and the quantity of effluents produced, and the most advanced and ultra-modern theoretical and scientific improvements in treatment methods to remove those dissolved matter and toxic substances and also the challenges and perspectives in these developments. The findings of this review appraise new eco-friendly technologies, provide intuition into the efficiency in contaminants removal and aids in interpreting degradation mechanism of toxic elements by various treatment assemblages.

ABSTRACT The CRESS-DNA viruses are the ubiquitous virus detected in almost all eukaryotic life trees and play an essential role in the maintaining ecosystem of the globe. Still, their genetic diversity is not fully understood. Here, we bring to light the genetic diversity of replication (Rep) and capsid (Cap) proteins of CRESS-DNA viruses. We divided the Rep protein of the CRESS-DNA virus into 10 clusters using CLANS and phylogenetic analyses. Also, most of the Rep protein in Rep cluster 1 (R1) and R2 (Circoviridae, Smacoviridae, Nanoviridae, and CRESSV1-5) contain the Viral_Rep superfamily and P-loop_NTPase superfamily domains, while the Rep protein of viruses in other clusters has no such characterized functional domain. The Circoviridae, Nanoviridae, and CRESSV1-3 viruses contain two domains, such as Viral_Rep and P-loop_NTPase; the CRESSV4 and CRESSV5 viruses have only the Viral_Rep domain; most of the sequences in the pCRESS-related group have only P-loop_NTPase; and Smacoviridae do not have these two domains. Further, we divided the Cap protein of the CRESS-DNA virus into 20 clusters using CLANS and phylogenetic analyses. The Rep and Cap proteins of Circoviridae and Smacoviridae are grouped into a specific cluster. Cap protein of CRESS-DNA viruses grouped with one cluster and Rep protein with another cluster. Further, our study reveals that selection pressure plays a significant role in the evolution of CRESS-DNA viruses' Rep and Cap genes rather than mutational pressure. We hope this study will help determine the genetic diversity of CRESS-DNA viruses as more sequences are discovered in the future. IMPORTANCE The genetic diversity of CRESS-DNA viruses is not fully understood. CRESS-DNA viruses are classified as CRESSV1 to CRESSV6 using only Rep protein. This study revealed that the Rep protein of the CRESS-DNA viruses is classified as CRESSV1 to CRESSV6 groups and the new Smacoviridae-related, CRESSV2-related, pCRESS-related, Circoviridae-related, and 1 to 4 outgroups, according to the Viral_Rep and P-loop_NTPase domain organization, CLANS, and phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, for the first time in this study, the Cap protein of CRESS-DNA viruses was classified into 20 distinct clusters by CLANS and phylogenetic analysis. Through this classification, the genetic diversity of CRESS-DNA viruses clarifies the possibility of recombinations in Cap and Rep proteins. Finally, it has been shown that selection pressure plays a significant role in the evolution and genetic diversity of Cap and Rep proteins. This study explains the genetic diversity of CRESS-DNA viruses and hopes that it will help classify future detected viruses.

ABSTRACT We provide a novel single restriction enzyme (RE; BsaHI) digestion approach for detecting distinct pathotypes of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). After scanning 4,000 F gene nucleotide sequences in the NCBI database, we discovered a single RE (BsaHI) digestion site in the cleavage site. APMV-I “F gene” class II-specific primer-based reverse transcriptase PCR was utilized to amplify a 535-bp fragment, which was then digested with the RE (BsaHI) for pathotyping avian NDV field isolates and pigeon paramyxovirus-1 isolates. The avirulent (lentogenic and mesogenic strains) produced 189- and 346-bp fragments, respectively, but the result in velogenic strains remained undigested with 535-bp fragments. In addition, 45 field NDV isolates and 8 vaccine strains were used to confirm the approach. The sequence-based analysis also agrees with the data obtained utilizing the single RE (BsaHI) digestion approach. The proposed technique has the potential to distinguish between avirulent and virulent strains in a short time span, making it valuable in NDV surveillance and monitoring research. IMPORTANCE The extensive use of the NDV vaccine strain and the existence of avirulent NDV strains in wild birds makes it difficult to diagnose Newcastle Disease virus (NDV). The intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) and/or sequencing-based identification, which are required to determine virulent NDV, are time-consuming, costly, difficult, and cruel techniques. We evaluated 4,000 F gene nucleotide sequences and discovered a restriction enzyme (RE; BsaHI) digestion technique for detecting NDV and vaccine pathotypes in a short time span, which is cost-effective and useful for field cases as well as for large-scale NDV monitoring and surveillance. The data acquired using the single RE BsaHI digestion technique agree with the sequence-based analysis.

This paper is aimed at a comparative investigation on two different velocity profiles for piston movement namely Sinusoidal and Trapezoidal Profiles for an IC Engine. In conventional IC Engine, velocity profile of piston motion is Sinusoidal. It has many disadvantages such as high mean velocity that leads to high inertial force, frictional losses, wear and high rate of heat leakages. Nearly 20% of the total power produced by the engine is dissipated into heat because of friction. Of this 20%, about 75% is due to friction of piston rings on the cylinder walls. This is an irreversible loss and can be seen as a consequence of high mean piston velocity associated with the existing Sinusoidal Piston Velocity Profile. In addition, varying velocity profile can cause rapid acceleration and finally jerks which lead to considerable mechanical vibration and noise. As a result the mechanical strength of engine material will be high to withstand the inertial force, friction and wear. To overcome these difficulties, an extensive attempt is made to improve the piston movement by restructuring the piston velocity profile with reduced mean velocity which is constant for most of the crank angle. A comprehensive experimental examination is conducted for the Sinusoidal velocity profile, which are utilized in arriving at an optimal CFD procedure through validation study. A proposed connecting rod configuration with internal gear and pinion arrangement is proposed to achieve different Trapezoidal Profiles. The optimum CFD procedure found from validation study is used to analyze and understand the engine with modified Trapezoidal Velocity Profiles. There is almost 20% reduction of mean piston velocity that considerably improves hydro-thermo dynamic and mechanical characteristics of the existing engine.

In the present work few novel 2-(4-methylbenzenesulphonamido)pentanedioic acid amide derivatives and the basic compound 2-(4-methylphenylsulfonamido)pentanedioic acid have been synthesized, characterized and screened for their possible antineoplastic activity both in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro activity was performed against five human cell lines like human breast cancer (MCF-7), leukemia (K-562), ovarian cancer (OVACAR-3), human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and Human kidney carcinoma (A-498). The in vivo activity was performed in female swiss albino mice against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC). Among the synthesized compounds, ureide, p-bromoanilide, p-nitoanilide, o-bromoanilide and p-methylanilide derivatives of 2-(4-methyl benzene sulphonyl)-pentanedioic acid amides showed encouraging activity in both the in vitro and in vivo compared to other compounds. It was noticed that final derivative compounds show a better activity than the parent compound and it may be due to the substituents present in those compounds.

In the present work few novel 2-(4-methylbenzenesulphonamido)pentanedioic acid bis amide derivatives and the basic compound 2-(4-methylphenylsulfonamido)pentanedioic acid have been synthesized, characterized and screened for their possible antineoplastic activity both in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro activity was performed against five human cell lines like human breast cancer (MCF-7), leukemia (K-562), ovarian cancer (OVACAR-3), human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and Human kidney carcinoma (A-498). The in vivo activity was performed in female swiss albino mice against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). Among the synthesized compounds, ureide, anilide, p-nitoanilide and o-bromoanilide derivatives of 2-(4-methyl benzene sulphonyl)-pentanedioic acid bis amides showed encouraging activity in both the in vitro and in vivo compared to other compounds.

In the present work few novel 2-(4-methylbenzenesulphonamido)pentanedioic acid amide derivatives and the basic compound 2-(4-methylphenylsulfon-amido)pentanedioic acid have been designed, synthesized, characterized and screened for their possible antineoplastic activity both in vitro and in vivo. The modified drugs were docked against the protein histone deacetylase the energy value obtained was o-iodoanilide (-10.370504) and m-iodoanilide (-10.218276) of the titled compound. The in vitro activity was performed against five human cell lines like human breast cancer (MCF-7), leukemia (K-562), ova-rian cancer (OVACAR-3), human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and Human kidney carcinoma (A-498). The in vivo activity was performed in female Swiss albino mice against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC). Among the synthesized compounds, o-iodoanilide, m-iodoanilide and p-iodoanilide derivatives of 2-(4-methyl benzene sulphonyl)-pentanedioic acid amides showed encouraging activity in both the in vitro and in vivo compared to other compounds.

In this study, a series of novel thiazolidin-4-ones (5a–g) and azetidin-2-ones (6a–g) were synthesized from N-(6-chlorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)hydrazine carboxamide derivatives of the benzothiazole class. Antimicrobial properties of the title compound derivatives were investigated against one Gram (+) bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), three Gram (−) bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae) and five fungi (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Monascus purpureus and Penicillium citrinum) using serial plate dilution method. The investigation of antibacterial and antifungal screening data revealed that all the tested compounds showed moderate to good inhibition at 12.5–200 μg/mL in DMSO. It has been observed that azetidin-2-ones derivatives are found to be more active than thiazolidin-4-ones derivatives against all pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains.

High resolution optical endoscopes are increasingly used in diagnosis of various medical conditions of internal organs, such as the cervix and gastrointestinal (GI) tracts, but they are too expensive for use in resource-poor settings. On the other hand, smartphones with high resolution cameras and Internet access have become more affordable, enabling them to diffuse into most rural areas and developing countries in the past decade. In this paper, we describe a smartphone microendoscope that can take fluorescence images with a spatial resolution of 3.1 μm. Images collected from ex vivo, in vitro and in vivo samples using the device are also presented. The compact and cost-effective smartphone microendoscope may be envisaged as a powerful tool for detecting pre-cancerous lesions of internal organs in low and middle-income countries (LMICs).

In the present work few novel 2-(4-methylbenzenesulphonamido)pentanedioic acid amide derivatives and the basic compound 2-(4-methylphenylsulfonamido)pentanedioic acid have been synthesized, characterized and screened for their possible antineoplastic activity both in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro activity was performed against five human cell lines like human breast cancer (MCF-7), leukemia (K-562), ovarian cancer (OVACAR-3), human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and Human kidney carcinoma (A-498). The in vivo activity was performed in female swiss albino mice against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). Among the synthesized compounds, ureide, p-bromoanilide, p-nitoanilide, o-bromoanilide and p-methylanilide derivatives of 2-(4-methyl benzene sulphonyl)-pentanedioic acid amides showed encouraging activity in both the in vitro and in vivo compared to other compounds. It was noticed that final derivative compounds show a better activity than the parent compound and it may be due to the substituents present in those compounds.

In the present work few novel 2-(4-methylbenzenesulphonamido)pentanedioic acid bis amide derivatives and the basic compound 2-(4-methylphenylsulfonamido)pentanedioic acid have been synthesized, characterized and screened for their possible antineoplastic activity both in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro activity was performed against five human cell lines like human breast cancer (MCF-7), leukemia (K-562), ovarian cancer (OVACAR-3), human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and Human kidney carcinoma (A-498). The in vivo activity was performed in female swiss albino mice against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). Among the synthesized compounds, ureide, anilide, p-nitoanilide and o-bromoanilide derivatives of 2-(4-methyl benzene sulphonyl)-pentanedioic acid bis amides showed encouraging activity in both the in vitro and in vivo compared to other compounds.

In the present work few novel 2-(4-methylbenzenesulphonamido)pentanedioic acid amide derivatives and the basic compound 2-(4-methylphenylsulfon-amido)pentanedioic acid have been designed, synthesized, characterized and screened for their possible antineoplastic activity both in vitro and in vivo. The modified drugs were docked against the protein histone deacetylase the energy value obtained was o-iodoanilide (-10.370504) and m-iodoanilide (-10.218276) of the titled compound. The in vitro activity was performed against five human cell lines like human breast cancer (MCF-7), leukemia (K-562), ova-rian cancer (OVACAR-3), human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and Human kidney carcinoma (A-498). The in vivo activity was performed in female Swiss albino mice against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC). Among the synthesized compounds, o-iodoanilide, m-iodoanilide and p-iodoanilide derivatives of 2-(4-methyl benzene sulphonyl)-pentanedioic acid amides showed encouraging activity in both the in vitro and in vivo compared to other compounds.