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Contamination of groundwater by fluoride ions can occur through both natural and anthropogenic activities, such as the discharge of industrial waste containing this compound. Thus, effective fluoride removal from groundwater is essential to ensure safe drinking water. This study evaluated the performance of adsorption techniques for defluoridating groundwater in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Preliminary tests were conducted using synthetic solutions with a fluoride concentration of 5 mg.L−1, applying several adsorbents. Additionally, an ultrasonic process was used to synthesize an adsorbent from activated alumina pre-treated with carbon (AACP) and modified with ZnCl₂ (AA-ZnCl₂). The AACP and AA-ZnCl2 were characterized through BET, EDS, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and FT-IR analysis. A Central Composite Design and response surface methodology were applied to optimize adsorption efficiency, focusing these factors: pH and adsorbent dosage. Kinetic and isotherm adsorption tests were conducted for both AACP and AA-ZnCl₂. The results showed that AACP achieved fluoride removal efficiencies of 65.4 % in synthetic solutions and 38.6 % in groundwater. The AA-ZnCl₂ demonstrated superior performance, removing over 98 % of fluoride in synthetic solutions and 55.4 % in groundwater, across a pH range of 4 to 10, with an optimal solid dosage of 3 g.L−1. For an initial fluoride concentration of 5 mg.L−1, a removal efficiency of 97.4 % was achieved within 5 min of contact time. The kinetic adsorption data were best described by the pseudo-second-order model, while the Freundlich isotherm model provided the best fit for the adsorption isotherm data. The findings in this work indicate hat ZnCl₂-modified activated alumina, synthesized with ultrasonic assistance, is highly effective for defluoridating groundwater for safe human consumption being an alternative method to be implemented in an industrial scale.

Forest cover loss is increasing at unprecedented rates, affecting the hydrologic systems of major freshwater-producing regions of the world. However, quantification of the tipping points of forest cover loss before hydrologic changes manifest and their impact in water yield and climatic conditions has remained elusive. In this study, we aim to systematically document the critical thresholds of tree cover loss leading to changing hydrologic functioning within regions that experienced extensive drought, fire, or clear-cutting events spanning different climates during the period from 2001 to 2016. Using the Hydrologic Sensitivity Index based on Budyko’s curve, we analyzed the changes in hydrologic responses to climate variability as landcover changes across the affected forests. Critical thresholds were derived by fitting Richard’s Curve function to the observed relationship between growing sensitive area and tree cover loss. Our analysis reveals decrease in water yields and warming trends during the early stages of tree cover loss in tropical forests (c = 16 %), with negative anomalies observed in rainforests of Central Africa and Maritime Southeast Asia. Boreal forests also show low thresholds (c = 18 %) with a strong tendency toward a warmer climate state and no clear tendency in water yields. Mixed forests show moderate thresholds (c = 25 %) with unclear water yield and climate trends. Conversely, Temperate forests exhibit the most resilience to hydrologic regime shifts with high critical thresholds of tree cover loss (c = 46––54 %), but a rapid alteration once their threshold is surpassed resulting primarily in increased water yields and a shift toward cooler climate conditions. As the potential for additional tree cover loss heightens, due to expected increases in the frequency and intensity of droughts and wildfires, the analyses presented provide a quantitative framework to monitor and assess the impacts of changing forest cover conditions on the water cycle behavior of some of the largest freshwater producing regions of the world.

New remote-sensed biomass change products will transform our capacity to monitor and validate large-scale carbon dynamic in the next decade. In this study, we evaluated the use of multitemporal Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) and the Climate Change Initiative (CCI) BIOMASS spaceborne mission to estimate AGB dynamics in different Mediterranean forest over an 8-year period (2010–2018). To do so, we evaluated different maps to estimate change in AGB, specifically indirect approach using forest-type specific ALS-based AGB maps using i) countrywide ALS coverage at 25 m resolution (2010–2018) and ii) the global, 100-m resolution CCI maps version 3 (2010–2018). The change in AGB (ΔAGB) was mapped across the study region to compute dynamics by forest type. Our results suggest that the indirect approach using ALS-model-based produced more accurate estimates in change of AGB than CCI when we compared with the design-based AGB estimation using Spanish National Forest Inventory (SNFI) at strata level. The spatial representation of the AGB change indicated that ΔAGB-ALS changes by forest type had an overall gain in biomass at regional level. The ΔAGB total and net annual changes by year and area (ΔAGB, Mg ha−1 year−1) were closed to the values obtained using SNFI at strata level. This study demonstrates the feasibility of enhancing carbon sequestration and stock capacity in Mediterranean forest using multitemporal ALS data and the limitations of global AGB maps at Regional Scale.

Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) has proven effective in cancer patients, reducing common psychological symptoms and improving wellbeing. Moreover, the use of eHealth technologies makes support cheaper and easier to provide. The aim of this systematic review was to collect results on the effectiveness of internet-delivered ACT for common symptoms in cancer patients and survivors. The review follows PRISMA guidance and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022326543). Searches were conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and different web platforms of grey literature. Interventional studies were selected which focused on cancer patients and survivors, were published in English or Spanish, included at least two of the six main ACT components, and were partially or fully delivered through the Internet. The risk of bias was assessed following Cochrane’s recommendations. Eleven records from seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Only one study showed significant reductions in anxiety (reliable change index, RCI ∈ [2.32, 3.47]) and depression ( RCI ∈ [2.00, 4.00]). As regards quality of life, significant improvements were observed in certain domains such as cancer-related quality of life ( RCI = 2.43), fatigue ( d = −0.33), sleep problems ( d = −0.53), physical and functional wellbeing (η 2 p = .06), and participation in social activities ( d = 0.18). ACT processes resulted in significant post-intervention improvements with regard to mindfulness ability and psychological flexibility. Results look promising; however, we believe that limitations such as blinding issues, the heterogeneity of designs and measurement tools, or the use of monetary incentives should be taken into account in future research.

Leer Dédalo es ir desenredando una madeja en un laberinto cuyos muros no están hechos de piedra, sino de ruinas y huesos. Esta obra, ganadora del Premio Nacional de Novela de la Universidad de Antioquia en 2019, escrita por Camilo Bogoya (Bogotá, 1978), quien hasta ahora se había destacado por sus dos libros de cuento, El soñador y Ética para infractores, relata la historia de Flora, una estudiante universitaria secuestrada por error y retenida en El Paraíso, una hacienda ubicada al lado de un matadero.

In an increasingly competitive business world the ability of a company to build a favorable reputation is an essential factor for its success or failure, especially in digital environments. The objective of this study is to analyze what factors affect the online reputation of companies in the agri-food sector, taking the Spanish wine sector as a case study. The methodology used to achieve this objective was Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA), in its fuzzy sets variant (fsQCA). The results show that those companies more oriented towards the digital market and with a higher level of communication of their Corporate Social Responsibility practices have a higher reputation among stakeholders. This advantage is increased if in addition they are larger companies or have a larger Governing Board.

Key Clinical Message Several electrocardiographic alterations due to hypokalemia have been described, but the electrocardiographic presentation meeting criteria for occlusion of the left main coronary artery is very rare. We describe a case of hypokalemia simulating it.

Objetivo: identificar los beneficios y las dificultades experimentadas en la implementación de la herramienta de mapas de conocimiento en una organización del sector público colombiano. Diseño/metodología: el estudio se desarrolló bajo una metodología cualitativa de alcance descriptivo. Se empleó la estrategia de estudio de caso único y la herramienta de entrevista semiestructurada. Resultados: los resultados mostraron que los mapas de conocimiento han ayudado a estandarizar los procesos y a dar continuidad al desarrollo de estos, a identificar conocimientos críticos, a acelerar la curva de aprendizaje y a facilitar la transferencia de conocimiento. Por su parte, las dificultades se relacionan elevada rotación de personal, la falta de empoderamiento, los cambios periódicos del personal directivo y la falta de un equipo técnico sólido para acompañar el despliegue de los mapas de conocimiento. Conclusiones: los mapas de conocimiento son una herramienta valiosa en los procesos de gestión del conocimiento, principalmente en la identificación de conocimientos críticos para la operación. Sin embargo, condiciones propias de organizaciones del sector público, tales como la forma de administrar el talento humano y la alta rigidez administrativa, puede llevar a estas a enfrentar obstáculos que impidan implementar estrategias efectivas para la gestión del conocimiento. Originalidad: el estudio explora la implementación de los mapas de conocimiento en una organización pública, aspecto poco teorizado en este sector. En Colombia, las normativas en el área son relativamente recientes. Por consiguiente, estos resultados ofrecen a los responsables de la toma de decisiones una mejor comprensión de los aspectos clave que deben tenerse en cuenta a la hora de aplicar estas estrategias.

En este trabajo se evalúa la eficiencia técnica (TE) en la producción de riego de tres cultivos: maíz, alfalfa, sorgo y plátano. Se analiza esa eficiencia en tres subregiones hidrológicas de México: Río San Juan (norte), Valle de México (centro) y Valle Bajo de Grijalva (Sur). La medición se realizó por ciclo agrícola (primavera-verano, otoño-invierno y perenne), y por tamaño de parcela. Se utilizó el análisis de frontera estocástica para probar si las habilidades del agricultor favorecen la eficiencia, con una función de producción que relaciona la tierra irrigada como elemento básico y un conjunto de variables explicativas socioeconómicas. Pese a limitaciones en los datos, los resultados contribuyen al conocimiento de TE en la agricultura de México. Indirectamente se reconoce la contribución de las áreas de riego, por lo que identificar su relevancia en términos económicos podría ayudar a definir estrategias para mejorar la producción agrícola y apoyar la gestión del agua en la agricultura.

Green hydrogen production is a sustainable energy solution with great potential, offering advantages such as adaptability, storage capacity and ease of transport. However, there are challenges such as high energy consumption, production costs, demand and regulation, which hinder its large-scale adoption. This study explores the role of simulation models in optimizing the technical and economic aspects of green hydrogen production. The proposed system, which integrates photovoltaic and energy storage technologies, significantly reduces the grid dependency of the electrolyzer, achieving an energy self-consumption of 64 kWh per kilogram of hydrogen produced. By replacing the high-fidelity model of the electrolyzer with a reduced-order model, it is possible to minimize the computational effort and simulation times for different step configurations. These findings offer relevant information to improve the economic viability and energy efficiency in green hydrogen production. This facilitates decision-making at a local level by implementing strategies to achieve a sustainable energy transition.

Electric vehicles are increasingly seen as a viable alternative to conventional combustion-engine vehicles, offering advantages such as lower emissions and enhanced energy efficiency. The critical role of batteries in EVs drives the need for high-performance, cost-effective, and safe solutions, where thermal management is key to ensuring optimal performance and longevity. This study is motivated by the need to address the limitations of current battery thermal management systems (BTMS), particularly the effectiveness of cooling methods in maintaining safe operating temperatures. The hypothesis is that immersion cooling offers superior thermal regulation compared to the widely used indirect liquid cooling approach. Using MATLAB Simulink, this research investigates the dynamic thermal behaviour of three cooling systems, including air cooling, indirect liquid cooling, and immersion cooling, by comparing their performance with an uncooled battery. The results show that immersion cooling outperforms indirect liquid cooling in terms of temperature control and safety, providing a more efficient solution. These findings challenge the existing literature, positioning immersion cooling as the optimal BTMS. The main contribution of this paper lies in its comprehensive evaluation of cooling technologies and its validation of immersion cooling as a superior method for enhancing EV battery performance.

Nowadays, advanced metering and communication infrastructures make it possible to enable decentralized control and market schemes. In this context, prosumers can interact with their neighbors in an active manner, thus sharing resources. This practice, known as peer-to-peer (P2P), can be put into practice under cooperative or competitive premises. This paper focuses on the second case, where the peers partaking in the P2P platform compete among themselves to improve their monetary balances. In such contexts, the domestic assets, such as on-site generators and storage systems, should be optimally scheduled to maximize participation in the P2P platform and thus enable the possibility of obtaining monetary incomes or exploiting surplus renewable energy from adjacent prosumers. This paper addresses this issue by developing a home energy management model for optimal participation of prosumers in competitive P2P platforms. The new proposal is cast in a three-stage procedure, in which the first and last stages are focused on domestic asset scheduling, while the second step decides the optimal offering/bidding strategy for the concerned prosumer. Moreover, uncertainties are introduced using interval notation and equivalent scenarios, resulting in an amicable computational framework that can be efficiently solved by average machines and off-the-shelf solvers. The new methodology is tested on a benchmark four-prosumer community. Results prove that the proposed procedure effectively maximizes the participation of prosumers in the P2P platform, thus increasing their monetary benefits. The role of storage systems is also discussed, in particular their capability of increasing exportable energy. Finally, the influence of uncertainties on the final results is illustrated.

The natural compounds PSK and PSP have antitumor and immunostimulant properties. These pharmacological benefits have been documented in vitro and in vivo, although there is no information in silico which describes the action mechanisms at the molecular level. In this study, the inverse docking method was used to identify the interactions of PSK and PSP with two local databases: BPAT with 66 antitumor proteins, and BPSIC with 138 surfaces and intracellular proteins. This led to the identification interactions and similarities of PSK and the AB680 inhibitor in the active site of CD73. It was also found that PSK binds to CD59, interacting with the amino acids APS22 and PHE23, which coincide with the rlLYd4 internalization inhibitor. With the isoform of the K-RAS protein, PSK bonded to the TYR32 amino acid at switch 1, while with BAK it bonded to the region of the α1 helix, while PSP bonded to the activation site and the C-terminal and N-terminal ends of that helix. In Bcl-2, PSK interacted at the binding site of the Venetoclax inhibitor, showing similarities with the amino acids ASP111, VAL133, LEU137, MET115, PHE112, and TYR108, while PSP had similarities with THR132, VAL133, LEU137, GLN118, MET115, APS111, PHE112, and PHE104.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the color stability of bulk-fill flowable resin composites with 2 difference shades at baseline and after artificial aging. Methods: Disk-shaped specimens (Ø10 × 4 mm) were fabricated from three bulk-fill flowable resin resin composites (Filtek Bulk-Fill Flow, Venus Bulk-Fill Flow, and Estelite Bulk-Fill Flow). The specimens in each bulk-fill resin composite group were divided into two subgroups (n = 10 per subgroup) with two different shades, A1 (N = 30) and A3 (N = 30), and were polymerized with light curing (800 mW/cm2/Valo LED Unit, Ultradent) and polished. The color difference between bulk-fill resin composites was evaluated at baseline and after artificial aging using a spectrophotometer (CM-700d, Konica Minolta, Tokyo, Japan) under D65 illumination. Color coordinates were measured with CIEDE2000, and color differences (∆E00) and relative translucency parameter (RTP) values were calculated. Subsequently, the comparison of color changes (∆E00) before and after thermocycling was performed using the t-test for paired samples. Results: The bulk-fill flow resin composites evaluated in the present study were capable of mimicking important optical properties such as light transmission. All the resin composites provided acceptable color stability at baseline and after thermocycling when the color A1 was used. On the other hand, whenever the shade A3 was used, the Venus Bulk-Fill Flow demonstrated the best optical properties. There was no statistically significant difference when comparing baseline and after thermocycling in bulk-fill flowable resin composites (p > 0.05). After thermocycling, A1 bulk-fill flowable resin composites provided acceptable color stability, and all A3 bulk-fill flowable resin composites provided visible color change, except for the Venus Bulk-Fill Flow (∆E00 = 2.35). Conclusions: Estelite Bulk-Fill Flow displayed the best color stability (∆E00 = 2.22) between all the combinations evaluated.

The incorporation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into alginate–gelatin (Alg-Gel) hydrogels can enhance the properties of these materials for bone regeneration applications, due to the antimicrobial properties of AgNPs and non-cytotoxic concentrations, osteoinductive properties, and regulation of stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Here, the hydrogel formulation included 2% (w/v) sodium alginate, 4 µg/mL AgNPs, and 2.5% (w/v) gelatin. AgNPs were synthesized using a 2% (w/v) aqueous extract of roasted green tea with silver nitrate. The aqueous extract of roasted green tea for AgNP synthesis was characterized using HPLC and UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS, and antioxidant capacity was measured in Trolox equivalents (TE) from 4 to 20 nmol/well concentrations. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous tooth cells were used for differentiation assays including positive (SHEDs/hydrogel with AgNPs) and negative controls (hydrogel without AgNPs). FTIR was used for hydrogel chemical characterization. Statistical analysis (p < 0.05, ANOVA) confirmed significant findings. Roasted green tea extract contained caffeine (most abundant), (−)-Gallocatechin, gallic acid, and various catechins. XRD analysis revealed FCC structure, TEM showed quasispheroidal AgNPs (19.85 ± 3 nm), and UV–Vis indicated a plasmon surface of 418 nm. This integration of nanotechnology and biomaterials shows promise for addressing bone tissue loss in clinical and surgical settings.

Our century witnesses the expansion of the digitization of the territory, with the adoption and use of information and communication technologies. The penetration of this phenomenon has recently been reinforced due to the COVID-19 pandemic and its ensuing consequences, including social isolation, the growth of remote work, and economic activities related to the use and dissemination of the Internet. Given this observation, the main objective of this work is to analyze the performance and corporate strategies of the largest telecommunications companies in the Southern Cone, which comprises nations in South America with diverse territorial and economic characteristics (Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Chile), in the context of the digitization of the territory, particularly the expansion of telecommunications services and participation in national markets. For this study, several approaches were employed, including literature review on the subject, the search for secondary data on electronic websites, document and content analysis, data tabulation, and corresponding cartographic production. The study aims to provide interpretive elements to understand this reality, significant to geography and its neighboring fields, through the description of the characteristics of the underlying process and the highlighting of the specific ways in which commercial companies use the territory.

The primary objective of Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) is to determine the most efficient distribution of power among generating units while considering various constraints, such as minimum and maximum power output, transmission line capacity, and reserve requirements. By solving the ELD problem, power system operators can minimize the overall operating cost of the power system and enhance its efficiency, which has far-reaching implications for sustainable energy management and resource allocation. However, because of the non-convex nature of the ELD problem, finding the global optimum solution poses a significant challenge. Consequently, several optimization techniques, such as metaheuristics, have been developed in order to address this type of problems. By iteratively exploring the solution space, metaheuristics offer a higher likelihood of finding near-optimal solutions, even in the presence of multiple local optima. This research introduces an enhanced social network search (ESNS) algorithm as an improvement over the existing social network search (SNS) algorithm, aiming to achieve the aforementioned objectives. The core of the SNS algorithm is driven by the social network users' dialogue, imitation, creativity, and disputation moods. The proposed ESNS algorithm builds upon the SNS approach by enhancing its search capability, particularly around the best potential solution. The primary goal is to improve the algorithm's ability to explore global search possibilities while avoiding being trapped in locally optimal solutions. The performance of ESNS has been tested in the 23 benchmark test suits, and its superiority against SNS and other recent algorithms has been verified. Moreover, To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed ESNS algorithm, it is applied to four standard test systems comprising 11-, 15-, 40-, and 110-unit test systems. The results demonstrate that the ESNS algorithm outperforms other optimization algorithms in terms of solution quality and convergence speed. These findings suggest that the ESNS algorithm holds significant promise as a valuable tool for researchers and power system operators in addressing the economic dispatch problem. Overall, the ESNS technique presents a promising result to this complex challenges. Its capability to handle multiple constraints and its superior performance compared to other recent algorithms make it a valuable addition to the existing set of tools available for solving ELD.

This case report features a female patient with the chief complaint of needing to replace an anterior crown. After a comprehensive oral assessment and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) radiographic examination, it was determined that the crown on Tooth #9 was subgingivally fractured. The procedure involved atraumatic extraction of Tooth #9, followed by immediate implant placement. Xenograft bone graft material was placed to complete the space between the buccal bone and the implant. A connective tissue graft (CTG), 1 mm thick and 5 mm wide, was harvested from the palate and placed. The final implant crown was restored using a prefabricated abutment with a titanium base and zirconia ceramic dental material. A well-planned combined treatment, including atraumatic tooth extractions for immediate implants and ideal contouring of soft tissues, can significantly impact the outcome of aesthetic restorations. A single immediate implant-supported crown in the aesthetic zone was able to fulfill the patient’s aesthetic expectations at the 2-year follow-up.

The bagasse of Agave salmiana (maguey pulquero) is a residue generated during the exploitation of the plant to obtain pulque, inulin, honey, etc. Due to its chemical composition, it can be used for the cultivation of fungi of the Pleurotus genus and the subsequent use of the degraded material ''degraded substrate (DS)'' as a support for the germination of vegetables. The objective of the study was to characterize the bagasse of maguey pulquero biodegraded by Pleurotus djamor as a new perspective in its value chain, and subsequent use for the germination of Lycopersicon esculetum (tomato). The DS was recovered at 60 d from the P. djamor culture, characterized physicochemically and the conformation of the plant tissue was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The DS showed a decrease in protein (4.8–3.3 %) content and fibrous fraction (54–36 %), but dry matter digestibility increased from 47 to 71 %; in addition, changes in mineral composition were observed, mainly in calcium concentration (6 %). Due to its composition, it is possible to revalue DS in the germination of L. esculetum to reduce the use of peat moss (commercial peat). The results show that up to 25 % of maguey DS mixed with 75 % peat moss can be used (25:75), reaching a germination percentage of 85 % and increasing the seedling emergence speed index from 0.96 – 1.25. Concluding that it is possible to implement a circular strategy in which agave bagasse is used for mushroom cultivation and the subsequent recovery of the spent substrate for tomato germination.

Este estudio analiza el proceso de especialización turística que están experimentando los centros históricos de las ciudades occidentales a través del caso de Málaga. El objetivo es examinar cómo las políticas de regeneración urbana han contribuido a la turistificación del espacio en general y del tejido comercial en particular; es decir, a su orientación hacia las necesidades y demandas del turismo, lo cual aleja la regeneración del espacio de sus objetivos iniciales y tiene implicaciones negativas para la población residente. Se utiliza una metodología que combina el análisis espacial y estadístico de variables de concentración, diversidad y cambios de usos comerciales, junto con la revisión documental de planes y proyectos, especialmente, los cofinanciados a través de fondos europeos. Los resultados revelan que estas políticas han contribuido a la gentrificación turística del Centro Histórico de Málaga, a través de una concentración de negocios turísticos que ha desplazado a los negocios tradicionales, así como, indirectamente, a los residentes. Estos hallazgos destacan el papel del turismo en la legitimación de la gestión neoliberal de la ciudad, que persiste a pesar de la crisis de la COVID-19. De hecho, los últimos planes apuntan hacia la intensificación y expansión de esta tendencia hacia otras áreas de la ciudad.

Este estudio analiza el proceso de especialización turística que están experimentando los centros históricos de las ciudades occidentales a través del caso de Málaga. El objetivo es examinar cómo las políticas de regeneración urbana han contribuido a la turistificación del espacio en general y del tejido comercial en particular; es decir, a su orientación hacia las necesidades y demandas del turismo, lo cual aleja la regeneración del espacio de sus objetivos iniciales y tiene implicaciones negativas para la población residente. Se utiliza una metodología que combina el análisis espacial y estadístico de variables de concentración, diversidad y cambios de usos comerciales, junto con la revisión documental de planes y proyectos, especialmente, los cofinanciados a través de fondos europeos. Los resultados revelan que estas políticas han contribuido a la gentrificación turística del Centro Histórico de Málaga, a través de una concentración de negocios turísticos que ha desplazado a los negocios tradicionales, así como, indirectamente, a los residentes. Estos hallazgos destacan el papel del turismo en la legitimación de la gestión neoliberal de la ciudad, que persiste a pesar de la crisis de la COVID-19. De hecho, los últimos planes apuntan hacia la intensificación y expansión de esta tendencia hacia otras áreas de la ciudad.

El presente trabajo expone la reconstrucción del proceso vivido con el Programa "Acompañamiento integral para la reactivación de micronegocios" en la ciudad de Pasto, cuyos principales resultados se obtuvieron los siguientes: a) formación integral de los estudiantes de administrador de empresas vinculados, b) fortalecimiento a la labor de los propietarios de micronegocios y c) la articulación de las tres funciones sustantivas de la institución de educación superior donde se realizó. El objetivo de esta disertación es analizar de una forma ordenada los resultados obtenidos durante este proceso, identificando lecciones aprendidas, acciones de mejora sugeridas y de qué manera se podría seguir optimizando los beneficios generados. La metodología utilizada es la de sistematización de experiencias, en donde los pasos de recuperación de la información, recontextualización, análisis y reinformación permiten tener una visión más amplia de la experiencia, siendo en este último punto donde se encuentra el principal resultado obtenido, y la base para el debate de esta disertación. La conclusión principal está en reconocer que las pequeñas unidades productivas que conforman el tejido organizacional de la sociedad, como los micronegocios, son de gran relevancia en diferentes ámbitos sociales y económicos; además, necesitan de la gestión de investigación y acompañamiento desde la academia, no solo para diagnosticar sus problemáticas, sino también para construir soluciones pertinentes que les permitan ser más rentables, productivas y sostenibles. En este escenario existen múltiples oportunidades para que los futuros profesionales fortalezcan sus competencias.

El bienestar es uno de los constructos más estudiados dentro de la psicología positiva en la actualidad. El objetivo de este trabajo de revisión sistemática es analizar la evidencia existente en los últimos cinco años acerca del bienestar en relación a cada uno de los elementos que constituyen el modelo Perma. La metodología ha consistido en consultar las bases de datos Web of Science y Scopus mediante la elaboración de unas fórmulas de búsqueda. Se han seleccionado un total de 42 artículos entre los distintos estudios pertenecientes a las cinco dimensiones del modelo Perma. Los resultados confirman que el bienestar promueve las conductas positivas y favorece a otras variables como la autoestima y el rendimiento académico. Se debate cómo el bienestar potencia el desarrollo personal en los adolescentes.

Groundwater is a vital resource for the development of urban areas, where the problem focuses on the quantity and on the quality of this freshwater resource. Barcelona is a good example as because currently groundwater is used for irrigation of parks and gardens and street cleaning due to its poor quality as drinking water source. Among the pollutants found in groundwater, of special interest are contaminants of emerging concern (CEC), as they pose a high risk to the aquatic environment and human health. The behaviour, spatial distribution and processes that control them in the aquatic environment are still uncertain and most of them are unregulated. In this paper we study the inputs and processes controlling the hydrochemistry of Barcelona urban groundwater with special emphasis on the CEC. We selected 29 CEC that were detected at high concentrations of up to 1 µg L−1 (e.g. gemfibrozil, benzotriazole, among others). Towards the higher zones we identify groundwater with relative low mineralization more proximate to the natural recharge composition, while towards the urban area the anthropic inputs are evident (e.g. nitrate concentrations range from 50 to 200 mg L−1). Near the Besòs river there is a clear contribution from this superficial water highly polluted, mostly from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharges, and reducing conditions. The main contributor of CEC pollution in groundwater was the river-aquifer interaction (Besòs river), while towards the urban area it might come from sewage seepage and probably a minor input from urban runoff. The redox state of these waters seems to control the fate and occurrence of several of these CEC. The limitations of this study are restricted to a single sampling campaign, therefore these results should be corroborated with other sampling campaigns, including the seasonal variations, which would allow establishing more robust conclusions.

Fundamento: La anisakiasis es una zoonosis parasitaria producida por larvas vivas de nematodos de la Familia Anisakidae, que se localizan en la cavidad corporal y el sistema muscular de peces teleósteos y moluscos cefalópodos. El hombre las ingiere accidentalmente al consumir pescado infestado crudo o poco cocinado. El cuadro clínico está caracterizado por síndrome gástrico-intestinal. El objetivo del presente trabajo es conocer la frecuencia de parasitación por larvas de anisákidos en pescados frescos comercializados en el norte de la provincia de Córdoba. Métodos: Durante un período de 9 meses se tomaron muestras de las especies más comercializadas de pescados marinos en todas los establecimientos del sector. El análisis parasitológico se realizó en el Laboratorio de Salud Pública de Peñarroya mediante el método de la disección. Se analizaron un total de 1.261 muestras de 18 especies distintas. Resultados: La frecuencia total de parasitación fue del 15,8%. La especie más parasitada fue la bacaladilla (Micromesistius poutassou), con un porcentaje de parasitación del 42%, y se detectaron también larvas de Anisakidos en: pijota (Merlucius merlucius) un 27,5%, pescadilla (Merlucius sp.) un 26%, Caballa (Scomber scombrus) un 20,6%, brótola (Phycis blennoides) un 6,2%, boquerón (Engraulis encrasicolus) un 5,6% y faneca (Trisopterus luscus) un 5,5% de muestras parasitadas. La distribución mensual de los resultados refleja un aumento de la parasitación en los meses de primavera, descendiendo progresivamente hasta los últimos meses del año. Conclusiones: Existe una incidencia significativa de infestación por anisakidos en las especies de pescados comercializadas en el norte de Córdoba. No obstante, la dificultad para detectar el parásito, la valoración imprecisa del grado de parasitación tolerable o inaceptable que señala el marco normativo, la circunstancia de que algunos platos tradicionales elaborados con pescado crudo precisen productos frescos o refrigerados y, por último, la escasez o ausencia de educación sanitaria de la población, hacen aconsejable abordar este problema emergente con mayor rigor.

During recent decades, tree mortality and dieback have been reported in forest ecosystems across global biomes. Although numerous forest species, including those of the genus Quercus, have been affected by hotter and drier conditions in the Mediterranean Basin during the last decades, there is scarce information regarding the interactive role of past management and climate across large areas of south-western Europe. Here, we examined the influence of several climatic factors (mean annual temperature, annual precipitation) over the last 3 decades, latitude, land management and site conditions on the cork oak (Quercus suber L.) population dynamics given their high ecological and economic relevance. We sampled 20 plots across contrasting environmental conditions in SW Iberian Peninsula with different land property (public vs. private) to characterize cork oak tree size, stand density, mortality ratio and regeneration. We observed widespread effects of latitude (8.9% at northern vs. 15.6% at southern plots) and land property (6.9% in private properties vs. 13.9% in public ones) on tree mortality. Tree density and basal area differed with latitude, with higher values (307.2 trees ha-1 and 38.4 m2 ha-1, respectively) at northern populations. In addition, the more intense cork-focused productive management resulted in higher tree sizes in private (mean DBH = 47.3 cm) than in public (mean DBH = 37.8 cm) plots. Tree regeneration was higher in northern forests (94.9 ± 25.2 vs. 26.0 ± 6.1 saplings ha-1 for the southern location), being this difference more pronounced in public plots. These findings highlight the importance of sustainable forest management in public and private forests for further reduction of mortality processes, as well as for enhancing the regeneration aimed to the conservation of cork oak under forecasted drier conditions of these economically invaluable Mediterranean forests.

Highlights In-depth overview of the classification of one-dimensional (1D) micro/nanomotors and strategies for fabricating them are reviewed. Driving mechanisms and progress of 1D micro/nanomotors for applications are summarized. Challenges and future prospects of 1D micro/nanomotors are discussed.

Abstract Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a very promising tool for the direct detection of biomarkers for the diagnosis of i.e., cancer and pathogens. Yet, current SERS strategies are hampered by non-specific interactions with co-existing substances in the biological matrices and the difficulties of obtaining molecular fingerprint information from the complex vibrational spectrum. Raman signal enhancement is necessary, along with convenient surface modification and machine-based learning to address the former issues. This review aims to describe recent advances and prospects in SERS-based approaches for cancer and pathogens diagnosis. First, direct SERS strategies for key biomarker sensing, including the use of substrates such as plasmonic, semiconductor structures, and 3D order nanostructures for signal enhancement will be discussed. Secondly, we will illustrate recent advances for indirect diagnosis using active nanomaterials, Raman reporters, and specific capture elements as SERS tags. Thirdly, critical challenges for translating the potential of the SERS sensing techniques into clinical applications via machine learning and portable instrumentation will be described. The unique nature and integrated sensing capabilities of SERS provide great promise for early cancer diagnosis or fast pathogens detection, reducing sanitary costs but most importantly allowing disease prevention and decreasing mortality rates.

Abstract Background The aim of this study is to evaluate the short- and long-term effects of the universal mental health literacy intervention “EspaiJove.net” in increasing mental health knowledge, help seeking and reducing stigma attitudes in the adolescent population. We also examine whether these effects depend on the intervention intensity. Methods A clustered school-based randomised controlled trial (cRCT) design. Subjects: 1,298 secondary pupils aged 13 and 14 were recruited from 18 schools in Barcelona (Spain) between September 2016 and January 2018. Intervention: Three programmes were assessed: 1) Sensitivity Programme (SP; 1 h); 2) Mental Health Literacy (MHL; 6 h); 3) MHL plus a first-person Stigma Reduction Programme (MHL + SR; 7 h); 4) Control group (CG): waiting list. Outcome measures: 1) MHL: EspaiJove.net EMHL Test (First part and Second Part); 2) Stigma: RIBS and CAMI; 3) Help-seeking and use of treatment: GHSQ. Analysis: The data was collected at baseline, post-intervention and 6 and 12 months later. An intention-to-treat analysis and imputation method was used to analyse the missing data. Intervention effects were analysed using multilevel modelling. Results One thousand thirty-two students were included (SP = 225; MHL = 261; MHL + SR = 295 and CG = 251). The MHL and MHL + SR interventions showed short- and long-term an increase in knowledge compared to SP and CG, but no significant change post-intervention or over time (First part p = 0.52 and Second part p = 0.62) between intervention groups and CG. No significant changes were found in stigma scores post-intervention or over time (CAMI p = 0.61 and RIBS p = 0.98) or in help-seeking scores (parent p = 0.69; teacher p = 0.23 and healthcare professional p = 0.75). The MHL + SR intervention was the best valued and recommended (p

Linear appraisal systems (LAS) are effective strategies to systematically collect zoometric information from animal populations. Traditionally applied LAS in goats was developed considering the variability and scales found in highly selected breeds. As a result, traditional LAS may no longer cover the different contexts of goat breeds widespread throughout the world, and departures from normality may be indicative of the different stages of selection at which a certain population can be found. The present study aimed to evaluate the distribution and symmetry properties of twenty-eight zoometric traits. After symmetry analysis was performed, the scale readjustment proposal suggested specific strategies should be implemented such as scale reduction of lower or upper levels, determination of a setup moment to evaluate and collect information from young (up to 2 years) and adult bucks (over 2 years), the addition of upper categories in males due to upper values in the scale being incorrectly clustered together. The particular analysis of each variable permits determining specific strategies for each trait and serve as a model for other breeds, either selected or in terms of selection.Highlights Specific strategies must be approached for each particular zoometric trait. Scale levels for limb related traits must be readjusted. An extension of the scale in the stature of males is proposed. Males must be subdivided into two categories (below and over two years). Environment adaptability shapes progress for better dairy-linked zoometry.

Abstract Background Nurses are frequently exposed to chronic stress in the workplace generating harmful effects such as job strain and burnout. On the contrary, resilience has been shown to be a beneficial variable. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between dimensions of the Job Demand Control-Support model, resilience and burnout in nurses, and examine the mediating role of resilience between job strain and burnout. Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional study reported in line with the STROBE guidelines. Active nurses were invited to complete an online questionnaire in September, 2020. With snowball sampling, 1013 nurses, with a mean age of 34.71, filled out the Job Content Questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Resilience Scale. Results The results showed the existence of four groups of professionals based on job strain. The nurses in the “High Strain” group (high demands and low control) showed higher scores in emotional exhaustion and cynicism, while those in the “Active Job” group scored higher in personal realization and resilience. The findings showed that job strain affects burnout in nurses, and this effect is mediated by resilience. Conclusions The findings of this study showed that a high level of resilience could exert a fundamental role in ensuring well-being and proper job performance by nurses. Nursing managers should see to the personable variables or competencies that provide and favor an opportunity for nurses to widen and improve their practice, in pursuance of satisfying and responding better to people’s needs and the systems they work for.

Vertebrate frugivores play important ecological roles. Here, the authors analyse a global dataset on plants and birds and find that plant-frugivore networks are more dissimilar, yet structurally consistent, across ecoregion and biome boundaries.

ABSTRACT Vascular access is an essential part of all interventional procedures whether coronary or structural. Over the last 15 to 20 years, in coronary interventions, traditional femoral access has been mostly replaced by the radial approach. Nonetheless, the femoral approach through both artery and vein is still the main approach for structural heart procedures. Over the last few years, femoral access has evolved from a puncture guided by anatomical references to more accurate ultrasound-guided approaches. The relatively recent introduction of interventions such as transcatheter aortic valve replacement has conditioned the use of large introducers and ultimately the need for specific hemostatic systems, above all, percutaneous closure devices. This manuscript reviews different anatomical concepts, puncture techniques, diagnostic assessments, and closure strategies of the main arterial and venous approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of different structural heart procedures.