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Photovoltaic (PV) systems have been rapidly implemented in commercial facilities without determining the negative impacts that may result when connected to the facilities' electrical power system. The research presented shows the results of a study of the quality of electrical energy in a commercial installation in which there were no problems before implementing the PV system. Measurements of different parameters of the energy generated by the photovoltaic system and that provided by the electrical network are carried out, carrying out a simulation using the Helioscope software. As a result of the work, voltage variation and current harmonics problems are identified, carrying out a technical and economic analysis of implementing a passive filter that performs the respective corrective actions.

Abstract This study investigates the flow dynamics and energy losses of Tesla turbines using Computational Fluid Dynamics with OpenFOAM. Our goal is to identify the main sources of energy loss. Four main sources of energy loss were identified. The most significant loss occurred during the conversion of pressure energy to kinetic energy, estimated to range from 88 % to 64 % of the total energy. Energy losses due to leaks between the rotor and the casing were also quantified, ranging from 4.97 % to 7.95 % of the kinetic energy at peak efficiency points. Design modifications, such as incorporating a nozzle at the entrance of the turbine, can improve efficiency. These findings highlight specific areas for efficiency improvement, offering opportunities for improved turbine design and integration into energy‐generation systems.

En condiciones de ayuno, se extrajeron muestras sanguíneas de 1,560 gestantes peruanas no diabéticas residentes a nivel del mar, en semana 26 a 36 de gestación a fin de establecer valores normales para la glicemia en ayunas en la gestación (método o-toluidina) y comprobar si el pronóstico materno-fatal variaba cuando los valores de glicenúa en ayunas (GA) se encontraban fuera de estos límites. Los percentiles 3, 50, 90 y 95 para GA fueron 50, 67, 80 y 85 mg/d~ respectivamente. Las gestantes con factores de riesgo para diabetes tuvieron GA significativamente mayores aquellas que no los tenían 68 ± 10 versus 66 ± 9 mg/dl, p < 0.02), Se siguió a 1,415 (90.7%) de las gestantes y a 1,043 (67%) de los recién nacidos. La GA mostró una asociación positiva con la presencia de factores de riesgo para diabetes, complicaciones obstétricas, cesárea por desproporción fetopélvica, distocia de hombro y morbi-mortalidad perinatal. Un incremento significativo en el riesgo materno-fetal ocurrió cuando la glicemia en ayunas se encontraba fuera de los límites SO - 79 mg,ldl (2.8 - 4.4 mmol/L). Valores de glicemia en ayunas fuera de estos límites debe considerarse como un indicador pronóstico de mayor riesgo obstétrico y perinatal.

OBJECTIVES:. Anemia has been associated with an increased risk of both cardiac arrest and stroke, frequent complications of COVID-19. The effect of hemoglobin level at ICU admission on a composite outcome of cardiac arrest or stroke in an international cohort of COVID-19 patients was investigated. DESIGN:. Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected database. SETTING:. A registry of COVID-19 patients admitted to ICUs at over 370 international sites was reviewed for patients diagnosed with cardiac arrest or stroke up to 30 days after ICU admission. Anemia was defined as: normal (hemoglobin ≥ 12.0 g/dL for women, ≥ 13.5 g/dL for men), mild (hemoglobin 10.0–11.9 g/dL for women, 10.0–13.4 g/dL for men), moderate (hemoglobin ≥ 8.0 and < 10.0 g/dL for women and men), and severe (hemoglobin < 8.0 g/dL for women and men). PATIENTS:. Patients older than 18 years with acute COVID-19 infection in the ICU. INTERVENTIONS:. None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:. Of 6926 patients (median age = 59 yr, male = 65%), 760 patients (11.0%) experienced stroke (2.0%) and/or cardiac arrest (9.4%). Cardiac arrest or stroke was more common in patients with low hemoglobin, occurring in 12.8% of patients with normal hemoglobin, 13.3% of patients with mild anemia, and 16.7% of patients with moderate/severe anemia. Time to stroke or cardiac arrest by anemia status was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression with death as a competing risk. Covariates selected through clinical knowledge were age, sex, comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and cardiac or neurologic conditions), pandemic era, country income, mechanical ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Moderate/severe anemia was associated with a higher risk of cardiac arrest or stroke (hazard ratio, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.05–1.67). CONCLUSIONS:. In an international registry of ICU patients with COVID-19, moderate/severe anemia was associated with increased hazard of cardiac arrest or stroke.

Background:. The approach to revision rhinoplasty is a challenge that plastic surgeons often face. The objective of this communication is to describe a surgical algorithm for patients undergoing revision rhinoplasty based on the stability of the nasal dorsum. Methods:. The study included 18 patients, six men and 12 women, aged 19–54 years, who had previously undergone rhinoplasty and who visited our clinic to request a new procedure due to unsatisfactory results in those procedures. A surgical algorithm developed by the main author (N.A.) was followed for revision rhinoplasty, and then a validated rhinoplasty outcome evaluation questionnaire was applied 1 year after surgery to assess aesthetic outcomes. Results:. The questionnaire was applied to all participants, showing a significant increase in patient satisfaction. Before surgery, a minimum value of six and a maximum of 21 (mean of 12) were found. After revision rhinoplasty following the proposed surgical algorithm, a minimum value of 21 and a maximum of 30 (mean of 29) were found, and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusions:. The surgical algorithm used for nasal dorsum reconstruction in patients undergoing revision rhinoplasty improved patient satisfaction and could be a feasible procedure to approach patients who have previously undergone rhinoplasty.

En el presente trabajo se estudian los delitos de solicitación sexual por parte de funcionario público previstos en los apartados 1, 2 y 3 del art. 443 CP. Además del análisis de sus antecedentes históricos y del bien jurídico protegido, se explica su actual ubicación sistemática dentro de los delitos contra la Administración pública y la trascendencia que respecto de su regulación ha tenido la Ley Orgánica 10/2022, de 6 de septiembre, de Garantía Integral de la libertad sexual. Asimismo, se realiza un examen de las cuestiones comunes a las dos modalidades de solicitación que prevé el ordenamiento vigente, así como de sus particularidades, y se lleva a cabo una descripción de los principales problemas concursales que plantean los tipos analizados.

This study explored an indoor system for tracking multiple humans and detecting falls, employing three Millimeter-Wave radars from Texas Instruments. Compared to wearables and camera methods, Millimeter-Wave radar is not plagued by mobility inconveniences, lighting conditions, or privacy issues. We conducted an initial evaluation of radar characteristics, covering aspects such as interference between radars and coverage area. Then, we established a real-time framework to integrate signals received from these radars, allowing us to track the position and body status of human targets non-intrusively. Additionally, we introduced innovative strategies, including dynamic Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) clustering based on signal SNR levels, a probability matrix for enhanced target tracking, target status prediction for fall detection, and a feedback loop for noise reduction. We conducted an extensive evaluation using over 300 min of data, which equated to approximately 360,000 frames. Our prototype system exhibited a remarkable performance, achieving a precision of 98.9% for tracking a single target and 96.5% and 94.0% for tracking two and three targets in human-tracking scenarios, respectively. Moreover, in the field of human fall detection, the system demonstrates a high accuracy rate of 96.3%, underscoring its effectiveness in distinguishing falls from other statuses.

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are powerful models capable of managing intricate connections in non-Euclidean data, such as social networks, physical systems, chemical structures, and communication networks. Despite their effectiveness, the large-scale and complex nature of graph data demand substantial computational resources and high performance during both training and inference stages, presenting significant challenges, particularly in the context of embedded systems. Recent studies on GNNs have investigated both software and hardware solutions to enhance computational efficiency. Earlier studies on deep neural networks (DNNs) have indicated that methods like reconfigurable hardware and quantization are beneficial in addressing these issues. Unlike DNN research, studies on efficient computational methods for GNNs are less developed and require more exploration. This survey reviews the latest developments in quantization and FPGA-based acceleration for GNNs, showcasing the capabilities of reconfigurable systems (often FPGAs) to offer customized solutions in environments marked by significant sparsity and the necessity for dynamic load management. It also emphasizes the role of quantization in reducing both computational and memory demands through the use of fixed-point arithmetic and streamlined vector formats. This paper concentrates on low-power, resource-limited devices over general hardware accelerators and reviews research applicable to embedded systems. Additionally, it provides a detailed discussion of potential research gaps, foundational knowledge, obstacles, and prospective future directions.

The Lepidium meyenii plant also known as Peruvian Maca originates from high altitudes in the Andes, and it has a high nutritional content and is extensively used as an herbal supplement for conditions such as sexual dysfunction, semen quality, and menopausal symptoms. This narrative review was conducted to assess the effects of Maca on a variety of conditions but doing emphasis on menopausal symptoms. Studies published in the English and Spanish languages were included in the review. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we identified published studies through an electronic review of the literature searches of PubMed, Medline, ISI, DOAJ, Springer, and Embase. Web of Knowledge, DOAJ, and Google Scholar for original articles written in the English language, and Scielo, Lantidex, Imbiomed-L, Redalyc, and Google Scholar for original articles written in the Spanish language. After reviewing the literature, the information available does not provide enough evidence about the effectiveness of Maca in improving menopausal symptoms.

Migraine is a common disabling brain disorder. Its pathophysiology is now being better understood. It was considered a disorder of blood vessels; new pieces of evidence have led to the conclusion that migraine represents a high interaction between the peripheral and central nervous systems, with the trigeminovascular system and the cerebral cortex among the main players. Menstrual migraine (MM) is a condition in females, where headaches are linked with menstruation. Hormonal fluctuations could have a key role in migraine pathogenesis, as several women experience that their migraine attacks correlate with their menstrual cycle. Estrogen withdrawal appears to have a significant role in migraine associated with menstrual cycles, even though its pathophysiology is not well known. This article highlights some portions of what is known about the pathophysiology of MM and aims to provide a better understanding of MM in women with this condition.

Recent advancements in cybersecurity threats and malware have brought into question the safety of modern software and computer systems. As a direct result of this, artificial intelligence-based solutions have been on the rise. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the efficacy of memory-optimized machine learning solutions for the task of static analysis of software metadata. The study comprises an evaluation and comparison of the performance metrics of three popular machine learning solutions: artificial neural networks (ANN), support vector machines (SVMs), and gradient boosting machines (GBMs). The study provides insights into the effectiveness of memory-optimized machine learning solutions when detecting previously unseen malware. We found that ANNs shows the best performance with 93.44% accuracy classifying programs as either malware or legitimate even with extreme memory constraints.

Few studies have explored how individuals can develop perseverance and passion towards longterm goals. This study addresses this research topic. Predictors of grit were tested while participants progressed on the Way of St. James, a long walk completed by foot or bicycle, taking several days or weeks, to Santiago de Compostela (Spain). 575 pilgrims of various nationalities self-reported measures of grit, harmonious passion, autonomous functioning, and lifelong learning attitudes. To study the association between these variables, path analysis modelling was conducted. The results show that autonomous pilgrims demonstrate more perseverance and passion towards their long-term goals than less autonomous pilgrims. Moreover, pilgrims who reported positive lifelong learning attitudes showed more grit behaviours than their counterparts with fewer lifelong learning attitudes. Finally, results indicate a strong association between autonomy and lifelong learning attitudes. The main conclusions suggest that perseverance with passion towards a long-term goal increases when individuals are congruent with their own interests and values, are not very susceptible to external or internal pressures, and are open to continuing to improve their knowledge and skills, regardless of age. Some implications for future research and practice are also addressed in this paper.

BackgroundTannins have demonstrated antibacterial and antibiofilm activity, but there are still unknown aspects on how the chemical properties of tannins affect their biological properties. We are interested in understanding how to modulate the antibiofilm activity of tannins and in delineating the relationship between chemical determinants and antibiofilm activity.Materials and methodsThe effect of five different naturally acquired tannins and their chemical derivatives on biofilm formation and planktonic growth of Salmonella Typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was determined in the Calgary biofilm device.ResultsMost of the unmodified tannins exhibited specific antibiofilm activity against the assayed bacteria. The chemical modifications were found to alter the antibiofilm activity level and spectrum of the tannins. A positive charge introduced by derivatization with higher amounts of ammonium groups shifted the anti-biofilm spectrum toward Gram-negative bacteria, and derivatization with lower amounts of ammonium groups and acidifying derivatization shifted the spectrum toward Gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, the quantity of phenolic OH-groups per molecule was found to have a weak impact on the anti-biofilm activity of the tannins.ConclusionWe were able to modulate the antibiofilm activity of several tannins by specific chemical modifications, providing a first approach for fine tuning of their activity and antibacterial spectrum.

This paper studies the physical layer’s impact on the blocking probability and energy consumption of wide-area dynamic elastic optical networks (EONs). For this purpose, we consider five network configurations, each named with a network configuration identifier (NCI) from 1 to 5, for which the Routing, Modulation Level, and Spectrum Assignment (RMLSA) problem is solved. NCI 1–4 are transparent configurations based on all-EDFA, hybrid Raman/EDFA amplifiers (with different Raman gain ratio $\Gamma _{R}$ ), all-DFRA, and alternating span configuration (EDFA and DFRA). NCI 5 is a translucent configuration based on all-EDFA and 3R regenerators. We model the physical layer for every network configuration to determine the maximum achievable reach of optical signals. Employing simulation, we calculate the blocking probability and the energy consumption of the different network configurations. In terms of blocking, our results show that NCI 2 and 3 offer the lowest blocking probability, with at least 1 and 3 orders of magnitude of difference with respect to NCI 1 and 5 at high and low traffic loads, respectively. In terms of energy consumption, the best performing alternatives are the ones with the worst blocking (NCI 1), while NCI 3 exhibits the highest energy consumption with NCI $2\,\,\Gamma _{R}=0.75$ following closely. This situation highlights a clear trade-off between blocking performance and energy cost that must be considered when designing a dynamic EON. Thus, we identify NCI 2 using $\Gamma _{R}=0.25$ as a promising alternative to reduce the blocking probability significantly in wide-area dynamic EONs without a prohibitive increase in energy consumption.

The case report of a 27 years patient is presented, with history of conventional cholecystectomy for 10 months due to apparent cholecystitis who went to Luis Vernaza Hospital in Guayaquil, Ecuador, presenting jaundice and abdominal pain. Taking into account the clinical, laboratory and imaging findings a sepsis of abdominal focus, cholangitis and choledocolithiasis was diagnosed. During the surgical intervention the presence of 2 Ascaris lumbricoides and cholesterol calculi in the bile duct was observed, reason why a bilioenteric bypass was carried out. After some complications such as breathing failure and hemodynamic upset, the patient was discharged from the institution 25 days after the surgery, with follow up in outpatient clinics during 2 months.

Abstract Background Venezuela has experienced soaring rates of violent crime, in particular, homicides. The Aragua state with 142 to 168 crimes per 100,000 inhabitants has the highest homicide rate in the last 5 years. All these cases are transferred to the estate morgue. Entomological evidence on cadavers has been used as a tool to clarify the death causes. Due to this, we analyzed the occurrence of forensically important dipteran species on facilities of the Caña de Azúcar morgue in Aragua, Venezuela. Findings A total of 692 adult insects belonging to five species of Calliphoridae and Muscidae were collected at the Caña de Azúcar morgue premises (body holding area and autopsy room). Chrysomya megacephala and Musca domestica were the most frequent species in the morgue areas. Other species with forensic importance were also found: Lucilia cuprina, Chrysomya albiceps, and Ophyra aenescens. Conclusions The results could be used as additional sources of information in Venezuelan criminal investigations.

In this paper, we present hardware accelerators created with high-level synthesis techniques for sparse and dense matrix multiplication operations. The cores can operate with different precisions and are designed to be integrated in a heterogeneous CPU-FPGA system for Edge AI applications. The methodology involves quantization-sparsity aware training and it is applied to a case study consisting of human activity classification. We initially investigate the effects of quantization and sparsity on the accuracy of neural networks with convolution, dense and recurrent layers observing better tolerance to pruning when recurrent layers are present. Then, we propose the hardware accelerators that can switch precision at run-time and work with any matrix size up to a maximum configured at compile time. We compare the performance of these accelerators at different levels of precision and sparsity levels and create a performance model to enable workload balancing. The results show that the proposed sparse matrix multipliers can outperform dense multipliers when sparsity levels are higher than 70% and the improvements are more evident when higher precision arithmetic or structural pruning is used. Additionally, sparsity levels as high as 99% can maintain the level of accuracy required in the network especially when recurrent layers are deployed. Overall, the balance between sparse and dense performance depends on matrix shape, precision, structural pruning and sparsity levels and performance modelling can be used to balance concurrent execution in a heterogeneous configuration.

IMPORTANCE:. Factors associated with mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 patients on invasive mechanical ventilation are still not fully elucidated. OBJECTIVES:. To identify patient-level parameters, readily available at the bedside, associated with the risk of in-hospital mortality within 28 days from commencement of invasive mechanical ventilation or coronavirus disease 2019. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:. Prospective observational cohort study by the global Coronavirus Disease 2019 Critical Care Consortium. Patients with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 requiring invasive mechanical ventilation from February 2, 2020, to May 15, 2021. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:. Patient characteristics and clinical data were assessed upon ICU admission, the commencement of invasive mechanical ventilation and for 28 days thereafter. We primarily aimed to identify time-independent and time-dependent risk factors for 28-day invasive mechanical ventilation mortality. RESULTS:. One-thousand five-hundred eighty-seven patients were included in the survival analysis; 588 patients died in hospital within 28 days of commencing invasive mechanical ventilation (37%). Cox-regression analysis identified associations between the hazard of 28-day invasive mechanical ventilation mortality with age (hazard ratio, 1.26 per 10-yr increase in age; 95% CI, 1.16–1.37; p < 0.001), positive end-expiratory pressure upon commencement of invasive mechanical ventilation (hazard ratio, 0.81 per 5 cm H2O increase; 95% CI, 0.67–0.97; p = 0.02). Time-dependent parameters associated with 28-day invasive mechanical ventilation mortality were serum creatinine (hazard ratio, 1.28 per doubling; 95% CI, 1.15–1.41; p < 0.001), lactate (hazard ratio, 1.22 per doubling; 95% CI, 1.11–1.34; p < 0.001), Paco2 (hazard ratio, 1.63 per doubling; 95% CI, 1.19–2.25; p < 0.001), pH (hazard ratio, 0.89 per 0.1 increase; 95% CI, 0.8–14; p = 0.041), Pao2/Fio2 (hazard ratio, 0.58 per doubling; 95% CI, 0.52–0.66; p < 0.001), and mean arterial pressure (hazard ratio, 0.92 per 10 mm Hg increase; 95% CI, 0.88–0.97; p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:. This international study suggests that in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 on invasive mechanical ventilation, older age and clinically relevant variables monitored at baseline or sequentially during the course of invasive mechanical ventilation are associated with 28-day invasive mechanical ventilation mortality hazard. Further investigation is warranted to validate any causative roles these parameters might play in influencing clinical outcomes.

Human falls are considered as an important health problem worldwide. Fall detection systems can alert when a fall occurs reducing the time in which a person obtains medical attention. In this regard, there are different approaches to design fall detection systems, such as wearable sensors, ambient sensors, vision devices, and more recently multimodal approaches. However, these systems depend on the types of devices selected for data acquisition, the location in which these devices are placed, and how fall detection is done. Previously, we have created a multimodal dataset namely UP-Fall Detection and we developed a fall detection system. But the latter cannot be applied on realistic conditions due to a lack of proper selection of minimal sensors. In this work, we propose a methodological analysis to determine the minimal number of sensors required for developing an accurate fall detection system, using the UP-Fall Detection dataset. Specifically, we analyze five wearable sensors and two camera viewpoints separately. After that, we combine them in a feature level to evaluate and select the most suitable single or combined sources of information. From this analysis we found that a wearable sensor at the waist and a lateral viewpoint from a camera exhibits 98.72% of accuracy (intra-subject). At the end, we present a case study on the usage of the analysis results to deploy a minimal-sensor based fall detection system which finally reports 87.56% of accuracy (inter-subject).

Estimation of Remaining Useful Life (RUL) is a crucial task in Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) for condition-based maintenance of machinery. In order to transmit and store the sensor data for archiving and long term analysis, data compression techniques are regularly used to reduce the requirements of bandwidth, energy and storage in modern remote PHM systems. In these systems the challenge arises of how the compressed sensor data affects the RUL estimation algorithms. A main drawback of conventional statistical modeling approaches is that they require expert prior knowledge and a significant number of assumptions. Alternative regression based approaches and deep neural networks are known to have issues when modeling long-term dependencies in the sequential data. Recently Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks have been proposed to overcome these issues and in this paper we create a LSTM network and data fusion approach that can estimate the RUL with compressed (distorted) data. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method is able to estimate RUL reliably with narrower error bands compared to other state-of-the-art approaches. Moreover, the proposed method is able to predict RUL from both the raw and compressed datasets with comparable accuracy.

Reportamos la reconstrucción inmediata con implantes personalizados en la región craneofacial en una paciente mujer de 22 años con tumoración craneofacial de 12x15 cm en la región fronto orbito cigomático izquierdo que correspondió a fibroma oscificante. Se realizó la reconstrucción con un implante hecho a medida basado en imágenes tomográficas. El implante de polieteretercetona (PEEK) fue seleccionado para reemplazar la pérdida ósea y para restaurar la anatomía facial. No hubo necesidad de ajuste transquirúrgico del implante; ni se presentaron reacciones de rechazo, infección o exposición del implante en el periodo posoperatorio. Aunque el hueso autólogo es preferido para implantes, resulta difícil adecuarlos en situaciones de un compromiso extenso como en el caso presentado; por ello los implantes de PEEK son actualmente una opción en términos de biocompatibilidad, resistencia, duración, conductividad térmica y traslucencia radiográfica.

This paper investigates the energy savings that near-subthreshold processors can obtain in edge AI applications and proposes strategies to improve them while maintaining the accuracy of the application. The selected processors deploy adaptive voltage scaling techniques in which the frequency and voltage levels of the processor core are determined at the run-time. In these systems, embedded RAM and flash memory size is typically limited to less than 1 megabyte to save power. This limited memory imposes restrictions on the complexity of the neural networks model that can be mapped to these devices and the required trade-offs between accuracy and battery life. To address these issues, we propose and evaluate alternative ‘big–little’ neural network strategies to improve battery life while maintaining prediction accuracy. The strategies are applied to a human activity recognition application selected as a demonstrator that shows that compared to the original network, the best configurations obtain an energy reduction measured at 80% while maintaining the original level of inference accuracy.

Communications, navigation, and other related systems need to have a well-defined antenna radiation pattern. In onboard vessel systems, the radiation pattern can be much different than the one obtained for an isolated antenna (because of the vessel's structure and other nearby radiating systems interference). Finding out the onboard antenna's radiation pattern is a well-known problem for any shipbuilder/owner. The conventional method consists of measuring radiation patterns from a fixed antenna on the coast while the ship is navigating in circles. Recent electronic systems in the market now allow for an alternative method: keeping the ship static while an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) circles it, measuring the antenna's transmitted power. This research paper examines the airspace volume and optimal flight path of an off-the-shelf UAV system for measuring the onboard antenna's radiation pattern in the presence of physical constraints such as the vessel's dimensions, safety zone, distance to base, Fresnel's and multipath distances, and considering the loss due to polarization decoupling between the antenna under test and UAV's antenna.

El presente artículo analiza el delito que consiste en la inducción, promoción, favorecimiento o facilitación de la prostitución del menor e incapaz así como en la solicitud, obtención o aceptación de una relación sexual con estos sujetos mediante remuneración o promesa. El objetivo del estudio es poner de relieve algunos problemas que suscita la regulación fruto de la LO 5/2010, de 22 de junio, y la prevista por la LO 1/2015, de 30 de marzo, vigente desde el 1 de julio de 2015. Ambas normativas atentan contra el principio de legalidad y proporcionalidad y no permiten identificar un objeto de protección digno de tutela en el vigente sistema constitucional

This paper presents wind speed and direction data measured with a weather station located in Puerto Bolivar, department of La Guajira, situated in the extreme north of Colombia, whose geographic coordinates are 12°11′N 71°55′W. A wind speed and direction sensor, a barometric pressure sensor, and a temperature sensor were used to obtain the presented data. These data were taken at the height of 10 m, which is the highest point of the weather station. The data taken by the meteorological station correspond to a period of 20 years (1993–2013), with hourly frequency. For the missing data, a mathematical model to estimate the Julian averages was developed, allowing to calculate the frequency histograms and four types of probability distributions for these data. Also, the representative wind roses were generated, taking into account the averages in each of the 12 months of the year. Keywords: Wind speed, Wind probability distribution, Wind direction

El ameloblastoma es un tumor benigno, localmente agresivo, que ocasiona deformidades faciales y con tendencia a la recurrencia. El objetivo del tratamiento del ameloblastoma es la remoción completa del tumor, la restauración de la función y el mantenimiento del aspecto estético. Se presenta el caso de un varón de 19 años que presenta tumoración en región mandibular y acude a consulta para tratamiento quirúrgico. Se realizó planificación virtual y modelo de impresión en 3D para reconstrucción mandibular con colgajo libre de peroné y modelo estereolitográfico para el manejo de su patología. Se observó una evolución post operatoria favorable; y una patología compatible con ameloblastoma mandibular intraóseo de patrón plexiforme. Si bien la cirugía es el tratamiento de elección para el diagnóstico de ameloblastoma; la planificación virtual y el modelo de impresión en 3D para la reconstrucción son herramientas útiles en el manejo de esta patología.

Due to the tremendous growth in mobile data traffic, cellular networks are witnessing architectural evolutions. Future cellular networks are expected to be extremely dense and complex systems, supporting a high variety of end devices (e.g., smartphone, sensors, machines) with very diverse QoS requirements. Such an amount of network and end-user devices will consume a high percentage of electricity from the power grid to operate, thus increasing the carbon footprint and the operational expenditures of mobile operators. Therefore, environmental and economical sustainability have been included in the roadmap toward a proper design of the next-generation cellular system. This paper focuses on softwarization paradigm, energy harvesting technologies, and optimization tools as enablers of future cellular networks for achieving diverse system requirements, including energy saving. This paper surveys the state-of-the-art literature embedding softwarization paradigm in densely deployed radio access network (RAN). In addition, the need for energy harvesting technologies in a densified RAN is provided with the review of the state-of-the-art proposals on the interaction between softwarization and energy harvesting technology. Moreover, the role of optimization tools, such as machine learning, in future RAN with densification paradigm is stated. We have classified the available literature that balances these three pillars, namely, softwarization, energy harvesting, and optimization with densification, being a common RAN deployment trend. Open issues that require further research efforts are also included.

We report a new locality record for the Mehuín Green Frog, Insuetophrynus acarpicus Barrio, 1970, a Critically Endangered species from southern Chile. The new locality is about 90 km southeast of the type locality and expands the known geographical distribution 40 km to the southeast. The new record confirms the presence of I. acarpicus south of the Lingue and Valdivia rivers. Our documentation demonstrates a discontinuous distribution of this frog in the Valdivian Coastal Range of Chile and intensifies the need to implement effective strategies for its conservation.

This work proposes a methodology to find performance and energy trade-offs for parallel applications running on Heterogeneous Multi-Processing systems with a single instruction-set architecture. These offer flexibility in the form of different core types and voltage and frequency pairings, defining a vast design space to explore. Therefore, for a given application, choosing a configuration that optimizes the performance and energy consumption is not straightforward. Our method proposes novel analytical models for performance and power consumption whose parameters can be fitted using only a few strategically sampled offline measurements. These models are then used to estimate an application’s performance and energy consumption for the whole configuration space. In turn, these offline predictions define the choice of estimated Pareto-optimal configurations of the model, which are used to inform the selection of the configuration that the application should be executed on. The methodology was validated on an ODROID-XU3 board for eight programs from the PARSEC Benchmark, Phoronix Test Suite and Rodinia applications. The generated Pareto-optimal configuration space represented a 99% reduction of the universe of all available configurations. Energy savings of up to 59.77%, 61.38% and 17.7% were observed when compared to the performance, ondemand and powersave Linux governors, respectively, with higher or similar performance.

The software defined network and network function virtualization are proposed to address the network ossification issue in current Internet infrastructure. Network functions and services are implemented as software applications to increase the programmability of network. However, involving general purpose processors in data plane restricts the bandwidth of network services. Therefore, to keep both the bandwidth and flexibility, a FPGA platform is suggested as a reconfigurable platform to deliver high bandwidth virtual network functions on data plane. In this paper, the FPGA resource has been virtualized by interconnecting partial reconfigurable regions to deliver high bandwidth reconfigurable processing on network streams. With the help of partial reconfiguration technology, network functions on our platform can be configured without affecting other functions on the same FPGA device. The on-chip interconnect system is further evaluated by comparing with existing network-on-chip system. A reconfiguration process is also proposed and demonstrated that it can be performed on our platform. The process can happen in the real time of network services and it is able to keep the original function working during the download of partial bitstream.

Introducción: Las fracturas del tercio superior facial corresponden a una patología importante pero poco frecuente en la especialidad de cabeza, cuello y máxilo- facial, consecuencia de traumatismos severos; determinarlas por edad, sexo y agente causal ayudará para su manejo. Objetivos: Determinar la presentación de fracturas del tercio superior facial por edad, sexo, agente causal y clasificación. Diseño: Estudio observacional descriptivo. Lugar: Servicio de Cirugía de Cabeza, Cuello y Máxilo-Facial del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, Lima- Perú. Participantes: Pacientes con fractura del tercio superior facial. Métodos: Recolección de datos registrados en las historias clínicas, entre junio 1999 y mayo 2009. Principales medidas de resultados: Edad, sexo, agente causal y clasificación. Resultados: Se encontró 49 pacientes, 90% de sexo masculino, 67,5% entre 21 y 40 años de edad, 55% por accidentes de tránsito y 23% por robos; 41% eran solamente fracturas del tercio superior y 59% acompañadas del tercio medio facial. Conclusiones: Las fracturas del tercio superior facial son importantes en la región de la cara. El diagnóstico clínico depende de la estructura afectada. Se debe actuar oportunamente para evitar secuelas y complicaciones. Los accidentes de tránsito y robos son causas que van en aumento. Se espera que este trabajo ayude a elaborar protocolos de atención en servicios de emergencia.

A multiobjective optimization of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) evaporator, operating with toluene as the working fluid, is presented in this paper for waste heat recovery (WHR) from the exhaust gases of a 2 MW Jenbacher JMS 612 GS-N.L. gas internal combustion engine. Indirect evaporation between the exhaust gas and the organic fluid in the parallel plate heat exchanger (ITC2) implied irreversible heat transfer and high investment costs, which were considered as objective functions to be minimized. Energy and exergy balances were applied to the system components, in addition to the phenomenological equations in the ITC2, to calculate global energy indicators, such as the thermal efficiency of the configuration, the heat recovery efficiency, the overall energy conversion efficiency, the absolute increase of engine thermal efficiency, and the reduction of the break-specific fuel consumption of the system, of the system integrated with the gas engine. The results allowed calculation of the plate spacing, plate height, plate width, and chevron angle that minimized the investment cost and entropy generation of the equipment, reaching 22.04 m2 in the heat transfer area, 693.87 kW in the energy transfer by heat recovery from the exhaust gas, and 41.6% in the overall thermal efficiency of the ORC as a bottoming cycle for the engine. This type of result contributes to the inclusion of this technology in the industrial sector as a consequence of the improvement in thermal efficiency and economic viability.

Falls, especially in elderly persons, are an important health problem worldwide. Reliable fall detection systems can mitigate negative consequences of falls. Among the important challenges and issues reported in literature is the difficulty of fair comparison between fall detection systems and machine learning techniques for detection. In this paper, we present UP-Fall Detection Dataset. The dataset comprises raw and feature sets retrieved from 17 healthy young individuals without any impairment that performed 11 activities and falls, with three attempts each. The dataset also summarizes more than 850 GB of information from wearable sensors, ambient sensors and vision devices. Two experimental use cases were shown. The aim of our dataset is to help human activity recognition and machine learning research communities to fairly compare their fall detection solutions. It also provides many experimental possibilities for the signal recognition, vision, and machine learning community.

Introducción: las infecciones respiratorias bajas ocupan el primer lugar entre las infecciones relacionadas con el cuidado sanitario en unidades de cuidados intensivos. Objetivos: describir la incidencia y las consecuencias, sobre estadía y mortalidad, de la traqueobronquitis asociada a ventilación mecánica (TAVM) en UCI. Métodos: estudio multricéntrico, descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal, en 6 UCI de adultos. Se estudiaron 454 pacientes. Las variables de estudio fueron recogidas en 2 bases de datos. Resultados: tasa de incidencia de TAVM: 1,76 %. Con respecto al número total de pacientes con factor de riesgo: 6,06 %. Densidad de incidencia: 7,61 ‰ por 1 000 d con factor de riesgo. Estadía media, TAVM: 13,13 d, pacientes sin IRCS: 5,49 d (p=0,006). Mortalidad, TAVM: 25 %, NAVM: 55,2 %, pacientes sin IRCS: 14,9 % (p=0,000). Conclusiones: la TAVM no es infrecuente en UCI. Su diagnóstico implica aumento de estadía y mortalidad en pacientes ventilados. Se justifica la implementación de medidas de vigilancia y prevención.

Introducción: las infecciones respiratorias bajas ocupan el primer lugar entre las infecciones relacionadas con el cuidado sanitario en unidades de cuidados intensivos. Objetivos: describir la incidencia y las consecuencias, sobre estadía y mortalidad, de la traqueobronquitis asociada a ventilación mecánica (TAVM) en UCI. Métodos: estudio multricéntrico, descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal, en 6 UCI de adultos. Se estudiaron 454 pacientes. Las variables de estudio fueron recogidas en 2 bases de datos. Resultados: tasa de incidencia de TAVM: 1,76 %. Con respecto al número total de pacientes con factor de riesgo: 6,06 %. Densidad de incidencia: 7,61 ‰ por 1 000 d con factor de riesgo. Estadía media, TAVM: 13,13 d, pacientes sin IRCS: 5,49 d (p=0,006). Mortalidad, TAVM: 25 %, NAVM: 55,2 %, pacientes sin IRCS: 14,9 % (p=0,000). Conclusiones: la TAVM no es infrecuente en UCI. Su diagnóstico implica aumento de estadía y mortalidad en pacientes ventilados. Se justifica la implementación de medidas de vigilancia y prevención.Introduction: lower respiratory infections rank first among related infections in health care intensive care units. Objectives: to describe the incidence and consequences of stay and mortality of ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (TAVM) in ICU. Methods: a multicenter, descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study was conducted in 6 adult ICU. 454 patients were studied. The study variables were collected in two databases. Results: TAVM incidence rate: 1.76 %, relative to the total number of patients with risk factor: 6.06 %. Incidence density: 7.61 % by 1000 d with risk factor. Average stay, TAVM: 13.13 d, patients without IRCS: 5.49 d (p = 0.006). Mortality, TAVM: 25 %, VAP: 55.2 %, patients without IRCS: 14.9 % (p = 0.000). Conclusions: TAVM is not uncommon in ICU. Its diagnosis involves increased stay and its mortality in ventilated patients. The implementation of surveillance and prevention measures is requiered.

La taxonomía de los géneros chilenos de Amaryllidaceae es confusa, persistiendo problemas taxonómicos tanto a nivel de géneros como de especies. Actualmente existe controversia acerca de la correcta clasificación de especies hasta ahora asignadas a Rhodophiala C.Presl. A través del estudio de aspectos morfológicos, recientemente se ha sugerido la rehabilitación del género Rhodolirium Phil., donde Rhodolirium montanum Phil. es considerada como especie tipo. Esta especie ha sido denominada Rhodophiala rhodolirion (Baker) Traub en las clasificaciones tradicionales. Dado que los datos morfológicos han provisto información limitada y ambigua en la clasificación de las Amarilidáceas chilenas, este trabajo evalúa la pertinencia de formalizar la rehabilitación del género Rhodolirium y en particular de la especie Rhodolirium montanum, a través de un análisis de morfología cromosómica y de secuencias nucleotídicas de la región ITS de seis especies nativas de Amaryllidaceae. Los datos moleculares indican que las especies Rhodophiala bagnoldii, R. montana, R. splendens, R. phycelloides y R. ananuca forman un grupo monofilético más emparentado con Hippeastrum Herb. que con Rhodolirium, género que se presenta como grupo hermano de Phycella en el análisis filogenético. La separación de Rhodolirium con respecto de Rhodophiala está respaldada por diferencias en número y morfología cromosómica, presentando el primero un número cromosómico de 2n = 16 y un índice de asimetría intracromosómica (Isc) de 0,46; mientras que el segundo posee 2n = 18 e Isc de 0,59-0,62. De esta manera, los resultados de los estudios cromosómicos y moleculares, junto a diferencias en exomorfología, tales como forma del estigma, perigonio y paraperigonio, apoyan la validez del género Rhodolirium Phil. y por ende de la especie Rhodolirium montanum Phil.The taxonomy of Chilean Amaryllidaceae is confusing. Taxonomic problems still persist at the level of genera and species. Currently there is controversy about the correct classification of species so far assigned to Rhodophiala C.Presl. Through the study of morphological characters, recently has been suggested the rehabilitation of the genus Rhodolirium Phil., where the species Rhodolirium montanum Phil. is considered as type species. This species was named Rhodophiala rhodolirion (Baker) Traub in traditional classifications. Since morphological data have provided limited and ambiguous information in the classification of Amaryllidaceae in Chile, this paper assesses the relevance of formalize the rehabilitation of genus Rhodolirium and particularly the resurrection of the species R. montanum, through an analysis of chromosomal morphology and nucleotide sequences of the ITS region of six native species of Amaryllidaceae. The molecular data indicate that the species Rhodophiala bagnoldii, R. montana, R. splendens, R. phycelloides and R. ananuca form a monophyletic group more closely related to Hippeastrum than Rhodolirium. This genus is presented as closely related to Phycella in the phylogenetic analysis using ITS sequences. This separation of Rhodolirium with respect Rhodophiala is supported by differences in chromosome number and morphology, presenting the first, chromosome number of 2n = 16 and intrachromosomal asymmetry index (Isc) of 0.46, while the latter has 2n = 18 and Isc of 0.59 to 0.62. Thus, chromosomal and molecular results together differences in exomorphology already mentioned by other authors support the rehabilitation of the genus Rhodolirium Phil. and the resurrection of the species Rhodolirium montanum Phil.

Análisis comparativos que incluyen: morfología externa de adultos y larvas, osteología, cromosomas y secuencias del gen mitocondrial citocromo b muestran que la rana austral chilena Eupsophus coppingeri (Günther 1881) es una especie del género Alsodes que debe nominarse Alsodes coppingeri (Günther 1881) nueva combinación. Basados en el holotipo y nuevos especímenes recolectados en la localidad típica, el taxón es redescrito y comparado con otros taxa congenéricos. Se discute la sinonimia entre Alsodes montícola y A. coppingeriComparative analyses that include: external morphology of adults and larvae, osteology, chromosomes and sequences of the mitochondrial gen cytochrome b show that the austral Chilean frog Eupsophus coppingeri (Günther 1881) is a species of the genus Alsodes that should be named Alsodes coppingeri (Günther 1881). Based on the holotype and new specimens collected in the type locality the taxon is redescribed and compared with its congeners. The synonymy between Alsodes montícola and A. coppingeri is discussed

Se realizó un catastro de los mamíferos, aves, reptiles y anfibios presentes en seis hábitats de la Reserva Nacional Futaleufú, provincia de Palena, Chile. Estos hábitats se encuentran desde la cota 700 hasta los 2000 msnm, ellos son: cipresal, matorral mixto, bosque de lenga y coigüe, renoval de Nothofagus, mallín y bosque achaparrado de ñirres en sectores altos de roqueríos con nieves estacionales. Se registraron un total de 60 especies de vertebrados en la Reserva: 17 especies de mamíferos, 38 especies de aves, cuatro especies de anfibios y una especie de reptil. Se destaca la presencia de huemules en casi todos los hábitats. El análisis por hábitat muestra una mayor riqueza de especies en los bosques de lenga-coigüe, los cuales presentan además una mayor heterogeneidad estructural. El matorral mixto, que limita con praderas y campos agrícolas, y los renovales de Nothofagus representan el segundo y tercer hábitat con mayor riqueza. Se advierte la fragilidad del sistema para mantener poblaciones de vertebrados, pues hacia el borde de la Reserva se produce una interfase entre el uso por animales domésticos (perros, ganado y caballos) y la fauna silvestre endémica o con problemas de conservación.We surveyed the mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians in six distinct habitat types in the Futaleufú National Reserve, in the province of Palena, Chile. These habitats occur from 700 masl up to 2.000 masl: cypress forest, mixed shrubland, lenga and coigüe forest, early successional Nothofagus tree areas, scrubland and ñirre trees in rocky areas with seasonal snow. A total of 60 species were recorded in the Reserve: 17 terrestrial mammals, 38 bird species, four amphibians and one reptile species. We highlight the presence of huemules in almost all the habitats. Habitat type analysis showed that lenga-coigüe forests have the highest species richness for all taxa, besides having also a higher structural heterogeneity. The mixed shrubland, which limits with pastures and agriculture fields, together with the early successional Nothofagus tree areas represent the second and third habitats with highest species richness. We warn of the fragility of the system for the maintenance of vertebrate populations, because towards the edge of the Reserve, an interface results between the use by domestic animals (dogs, livestock and horses) and the wild endemic fauna or with conservation problems.

Objetivos: Determinar la presencia y relación del virus herpes simple tipo 2 (VHS-2) en mujeres con diferentes grados de lesiones preinvasivas de cuello uterino. Materiales y métodos: Se estudiaron 176 mujeres con lesiones preinvasivas de cuello uterino y 40 mujeres como grupo control con cuello uterino sano, que asistieron a la consulta ginecológica en diferentes centros de salud, durante los años 2002-2005 en Maracaibo-Venezuela. A las pacientes se les tomó un hisopado del exocervix y una biopsia dirigida del sitio de la lesión por colposcopía. La determinación de VHS-2 se realizó a través de inmunofluorescencia directa. Resultados: La presencia de infección por VHS-2 fue 44 /176 (25%). El mayor número de VHS-2 se obtuvo en las pacientes con grado de lesión tipo NIC II (66,7%). El mayor porcentaje de infección por VHS-2 se determinó en las pacientes que iniciaron sus relaciones sexuales entre los 15 y 20 años (34,5%), las relaciones sexuales diarias (50%), así como relaciones de tipo orogenital fueron consideradas las conductas de mayor riesgo para adquirir la infección. Conclusiones: No se evidenció una relación directa entre VHS-2 y la presencia de cáncer. Los factores de riesgo asociados con la infección son similares a otras ITS, y están ligados con la conducta sexual y hábitos propios del individuo.

A new population of the Critically Endangered anuran species Insuetophrynus acarpicus Barrio, 1970 was discovered during a field survey at Valdivian Coastal Range, Los Ríos Region, Southern Chile. Until now, only three populations have been reported for the species. The new founding described in this paper, which extends the latitudinal limit 21 km to the southwest, and its altitudinal range over 486 m a.s.l, constitutes a very important discovery since the species is considered one of the most threatened species in the country and the world.

El modelo de cáncer de mamas inducido por el 7-12 dimetil benz(a) antraceno (DMBA) en ratas, muestra un conjunto de propiedades que lo hacen sumamente útil para el estudio y comprensión del cáncer de mama en humanos. La quimioprevención consiste en el uso de productos farmacológicos o nutrientes no citotóxicos capaces de potenciar los mecanismos fisiológicos intrínsecos, inmunológicos o no, los cuales protegen al organismo del desarrollo y progresión de tumores. Existen estudios in vivo e in vitro demostrando que los retinoides regulan el crecimiento del cáncer mamario. La asociación de retinoides con citocinas se ha utilizado como terápia anticancerosa sobre todo en combinación con interferones. La IL-10 es una citocina cuyas concentraciones están elevadas en pacientes con cáncer. Su acción sobre las células NK pudiera estar relacionada con su actividad antitumoral. En este estudio se utilizó el modelo de inducción de cancer de mama con DMBA en ratas Sprague Dawley, hembras vírgenes de 35 días de edad con o sin terapia quimiopreventiva de ácido retinóico (AR), para evaluar la aparición o no de tumores de mama, tiempo, número y características histopatológicas. Igualmente se hizo una medición de la IL-10 antes y después de la aparición de los tumores para estudiar su posible relación con este proceso. Durante un lapso de nueve (9) meses, sólo se observaron tumores mamarios en las ratas que no recibieron previamente el AR o sea en aquellas que ingirieron exclusivamente DMBA. Los tumores se presentaron después de los 4 meses en número de uno o dos como máximo, con ubicación preferiblemente torácica, aún cuando pudieron ser observados en la región inguinal y rara vez abdominal.. El tamaño máximo alcanzado por los tumores fue de 5x4x3 cm. El carcinoma papilar ductal infiltrante y el carcinoma cribiforme con áreas de patrón adenoide quístico fueron las dos formas de carcinomas detectadas en el examen histopatológico. La concentración de Il-10 promedio en suero de ratas no tratadas fue de 26 pg/mL (rango 17 - 34). Las ratas tratadas con AR mostraron un aumento significativo de la IL-10 y ninguna desarrolló tumores de mama. El AR actuó como quimiopreventivo con un 100% de efectividad asociado a un incremento significativo de la IL-10 lo cual, refuerza las observaciones previas pudiendose inferir, que la activación de células NK sea uno de los mecanismo antitumorales probables implicados en este modelo.

Abstract Background To determine whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19 disease) exposure in pregnancy, compared to non-exposure, is associated with infection-related obstetric morbidity. Methods We conducted a multicentre prospective study in pregnancy based on a universal antenatal screening program for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Throughout Spain 45 hospitals tested all women at admission on delivery ward using polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) for COVID-19 since late March 2020. The cohort of positive mothers and the concurrent sample of negative mothers was followed up until 6-weeks post-partum. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, adjusting for known confounding variables, determined the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of the association of SARS-CoV-2 infection and obstetric outcomes. Main outcome measures: Preterm delivery (primary), premature rupture of membranes and neonatal intensive care unit admissions. Results Among 1009 screened pregnancies, 246 were SARS-CoV-2 positive. Compared to negative mothers (763 cases), SARS-CoV-2 infection increased the odds of preterm birth (34 vs 51, 13.8% vs 6.7%, aOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.32–3.36, p = 0.002); iatrogenic preterm delivery was more frequent in infected women (4.9% vs 1.3%, p = 0.001), while the occurrence of spontaneous preterm deliveries was statistically similar (6.1% vs 4.7%). An increased risk of premature rupture of membranes at term (39 vs 75, 15.8% vs 9.8%, aOR 1.70, 95% CI 1.11–2.57, p = 0.013) and neonatal intensive care unit admissions (23 vs 18, 9.3% vs 2.4%, aOR 4.62, 95% CI 2.43–8.94, p

Around two percent of asymptomatic women in labor test positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Spain. Families and care providers face childbirth with uncertainty. We determined if SARS-CoV-2 infection at delivery among asymptomatic mothers had different obstetric outcomes compared to negative patients. This was a multicenter prospective study based on universal antenatal screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection. A total of 42 hospitals tested women admitted for delivery using polymerase chain reaction, from March to May 2020. We included positive mothers and a sample of negative mothers asymptomatic throughout the antenatal period, with 6-week postpartum follow-up. Association between SARS-CoV-2 and obstetric outcomes was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analyses. In total, 174 asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnancies were compared with 430 asymptomatic negative pregnancies. No differences were observed between both groups in key maternal and neonatal outcomes at delivery and follow-up, with the exception of prelabor rupture of membranes at term (adjusted odds ratio 1.88, 95% confidence interval 1.13–3.11; p = 0.015). Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers have higher odds of prelabor rupture of membranes at term, without an increase in perinatal complications, compared to negative mothers. Pregnant women testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 at admission for delivery should be reassured by their healthcare workers in the absence of symptoms.