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Abstract Background Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe disease characterized by elevated blood pressure in the pulmonary artery that can ultimately damage the right ventricle of the heart. PAH is pathophysiologically heterogeneous, which makes early diagnosis and treatment difficult. Inflammation is thought to be an important factor in the development and progression of this disease and may explain some of the observed interindividual differences. In the context of both acute and chronic inflammation, neutrophil recruitment to the lung has been suggested as a potential biomarker for studying PAH progression. However, there are currently no specific probes for its non-invasive in vivo detection. The imaging-based gold standard for assessing inflammation is [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), which is not cell specific. This highlights the urgent need for more specific molecular probes to support personalized medicine. Methods This study investigated the potential of magnetic nanoradiotracers based on ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles, functionalized with N-cinnamoyl-F-(D)L-F-(D)L-F peptide, to detect increased neutrophil infiltration in vivo in different PAH animal models via positron emission tomography. These nanoprobes target formyl peptide receptor 1, which is abundantly expressed in the cell membrane of neutrophils. To assess the benefit of these nanoprobes, their biodistribution was first assessed via magnetic resonance imaging and histology. Then, their lung uptake was compared by positron emission tomography with that of 18F-FDG in two types of PAH animal models with different profiles of inflammation and neutrophil infiltration: monocrotaline and double-hit Sugen-chronic hypoxia PAH rat models. Results Our targeted magnetic nanoradiotracer detected an increase in pulmonary neutrophil infiltration in both PAH models and distinguished between them, which was not possible with 18F-FDG PET. Conclusions This study underscores the importance of targeted imaging in providing an individualized and longitudinal evaluation of heterogeneous and multifactorial diseases such as PAH. The use of targeted multimodal nanoprobes, for magnetic resonance/positron emission tomography imaging has the potential to facilitate the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases, as well as the development of novel therapies. Graphical abstract

Neottiella albocincta (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Sacc., N. rutilans (Fr.) Dennis, Octospora maireana (Seaver) Yei Z. Wang, and O. texensis Benkert are reported for the first time from Mexico. These species, all belonging to the family Pyronemataceae, have close relationships with several species of mosses such as those in the genera Archidium Brid., Atrichum P. Beauv., and Polytrichum Hedw. The specimens were collected in montane cloud forest, riparian and Quercus forest in the states of Puebla and Tamaulipas. With the addition of these species, the number of bryosymbiotic fungi in Mexico increases to five.

El diseño de una estación de bombeo para el riego del organopónico UBPC “Iraelda Marzo García” en el municipio Maisí demandó la implementación de una metodología de cálculo precisa. Este enfoque permitió determinar los diámetros de las tuberías de PVC, con medidas de 0,200 m para la succión y 0,150 m para la descarga, así como establecer las condiciones de la red para definir la curva característica del sistema. Al combinar este análisis con la curva de la bomba INTERCAL SERIES BISC 100/400/365, se logró identificar el punto de operación del sistema para un caudal de 150 m3/h y una altura de 48 m. Se cumple la condición de ausencia de cavitación establecida, donde el número mínimo de NPSH (Altura Neta Positiva de Aspiración) disponible excede al NPSH requerido (9,468 221 > 3,3 m), garantizando así la ausencia de cavitación en el sistema.

Abstract Clinical phenotypes of COVID-19, associated with mortality risk, have been identified in the general population. The present study assesses their applicability in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) hospital-admitted by COVID-19. In a cohort of 488 SOTR, nonvaccinated (n = 394) and vaccinated (n = 94) against SARS-CoV-2, we evaluated 16 demographic, clinical, analytical, and radiological variables to identify the clinical phenotypes A, B, and C. The median age was 61.0 (51–69) years, 330 (67.6%) and 158 (32.4%) were men and women, respectively, 415 (85%) had pneumonia, and 161 (33%) had SpO2

Abstract This sub-analysis of the ePREDICE trial, investigated the prevalence and determinants of renal complications, specifically glomerular hyperfiltration, albuminuria, and reduced kidney function, in individuals with prediabetes (PD). The cohort consisted of 967 participants from diverse backgrounds across seven countries. The kidney function was evaluated using the MDRD-4 equation, and the influence of various clinical and demographic factors on renal involvement was assessed by multivariable regression models. Additionally, insulinogenic and disposition indices were examined. Overall, the prevalence of renal abnormalities in this PD cohort was 9.2% (n = 89). Key findings included the detection of hyperfiltration in 20 (2%) individuals, albuminuria in 45 (4.7%), and CKD stage G3a in 29 (3%). Hyperfiltration was inversely correlated with age and height, while albuminuria showed a significant direct association with the disposition index (DI). Age and waist circumference were significantly and directly associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The ePREDICE study highlights critical factors that affect renal involvement in PD individuals, revealing complex interactions among various parameters. These findings further emphasize the necessity for the search of early kidney abnormalities in people with PD especially in those in older age groups and with a large waist circumference.

The current trend in education is to adopt a direct and efficient system that adapts to the needs of students at all levels. This approach emphasizes the importance of creating an accessible and enjoyable learning environment that integrates with the social context. The main purpose of this study is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the educational contribution of UGGps, irrespective of their level, origin, or purpose of visit, beyond the acquisssition of knowledge. The UNESCO Global Geoparks (UGGps) are recognized as educational models in the field of geosciences and sustainability due to their territorial management plan and purpose. This study examines the activities carried out in the Arouca and Estrela UGGps in Portugal, using validated questionnaires to gather feedback from students and teachers. The analysis aims to identify the strengths, challenges, and overall effectiveness of these UGGps as an alternative approach to multidisciplinary education. With a total sample of 325 students and 167 teachers, the results, from the students and teachers perspective, show a positive and valid environment for multilevel education reflected on a positive answer rate of 86% among students and 88% among teachers. As it is shown in the results, UGGps are valid territories for multilevel teaching of Earth Sciences and many other subjects. This conclusions represent a great opportunity to promote heritage protection and sustainable development education from these territories, something that, in fact, is extremely relevant in the social context in which we find ourselves.

Background We aimed to estimate XBB.1.5 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19-related hospitalizations and deaths during BA.2.86/JN.1 predominance, among EU/EEA individuals with ≥65-years.Research design and methods We linked electronic health records to create historical cohorts in Belgium, Denmark, Italy, Navarre (Spain), Norway, Portugal and Sweden. We included individuals aged ≥65-years eligible for the autumnal 2023 COVID-19 vaccine. Follow-up started when ≥80% of country-specific sequenced viruses were BA.2.86/JN.1 (4/dec/23 to 08/jan/24) and ended 25 February 2024. At study site level, we estimated the vaccine confounder-adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths between individuals with ≥14 days after vaccination versus unvaccinated in autumn 2023, overall, by time since vaccination and age groups. VE was estimated as (1-pooled aHR)x100 with a random-effects model.Results XBB.1.5 VE against COVID-19 hospitalizations was 50% (95%CI: 45 to 55) and 41% (95%CI: 35 to 46) in 65–79-year-olds and in ≥80-year-olds, respectively. VE against COVID19-related-death was 58% (95%CI: 42 to 69) and 48% (95%CI: 38 to 57), respectively, in both age groups. VE estimates against each outcome declined in all age groups over time.Conclusion Monovalent XBB.1.5 vaccine had a moderate protective effect against severe and fatal COVID-19 likely caused by BA.2.86/JN.1 during the 2023/2024 winter, among persons aged ≥65.

Current diagnostic methods for prion diseases only work in late stages of the disease when neurodegeneration is irreversible. Therefore, biomarkers that can detect the disease before the onset of clinical symptoms are necessary. High-throughput discovery proteomics is of great interest in the search for such molecules. Here we used mass spectrometry to analyse the cerebrospinal fluid proteome in an animal prion disease: preclinical and clinical sheep affected with natural scrapie, and healthy sheep. Interestingly, we found 46 proteins in the preclinical stage that were significantly altered (p

Chronic wounds and burns are a worldwide healthcare problem that erodes patients’ well-being and healthcare systems. This silent and costly epidemic requires new, cost-efficient solutions to improve patients’ physical and economic welfare. Eschar-degrading vegetal and bacterial proteases have been utilized as a solution. However, these proteins are evolutionarily far from those present in human wound healing. Serine protease (SP) and annexin (ANX) proteins interact within the skin healing process. A homology-based identification pipeline can help in discovering selective human SP and ANX analogs in the epithelial tissue of the fast-healing species, Pangasius hypophthalmus. In the present work, we found 14 candidates for RT-PCR in P. hypophthalmus using homology inference. The genetically detected candidates were then structurally and sequentially analyzed to understand their possible relation to SPs and ANXs involved in human wound healing. A total of six TBLASTN/BLASTX candidates (four SPs and two ANXs) were detected in P. hypophthalmus skin. Structural analysis revealed that all SP candidates resembled human KLK4, KLK5, KLK6, and KLK8, whereas all ANX only resembled human ANXA4. Structure and sequence analysis revealed high conservation of ANX Ca2+ binding sites (GDXD) and SP catalytic triad (HDS) motifs. In addition, structural analysis revealed that SP substrate selectivity position 186 was the main difference between human KLK5 and P. hypophthalmus SPs. These findings may allow the proposal and testing of more selective formulations, broadening treatments beyond debridement.

Background and objective: The depth of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline after androgen receptor pathway inhibitor (ARPI) treatment combined with androgen deprivation therapy for patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) may affect prognosis. The primary objective in our study was the correlation between the PSA response at 3 mo and radiologic progression-free survival (rPFS) at 24 mo. Three groups were defined according to the PSA decline: complete response (PSA ≤0.02 ng/ml), partial response (PSA >0.02 and ≤0.2 ng/ml), and incomplete response (PSA >0.2 ng/ml). Secondary objectives were correlation between the PSA response at 3 mo and overall survival, and the development of a model predicting complete PSA response. Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicenter study of patients with mHSPC treated with apalutamide from May 2018 to September 2023 registered in the Real-World Evidence APA registry across 20 centers. Key findings and limitations: We included 633 patients with mHSPC. The median age at diagnosis was 68 yr (interquartile range [IQR] 63–75) and median PSA was 16 ng/ml (IQR 7.5–64). Some 63% of the short had low-volume disease, 51% had de novo disease, 48% had recurrent disease. At 3 mo, 27% had a complete response, 42% a partial response, and 31% an incomplete response, with corresponding rRFS rates at 24 mo of 92%, 86%, and 63%. According to the predictive model, a complete PSA response at 3 mo was associated with the use of next-generation imaging and PSA

Many bioinformatics tools are available for the quantitative analysis of proteomics experiments. Most of these tools use a dedicated statistical model to derive absolute quantitative protein values from mass spectrometry (MS) data. Here, we present iSanXoT, a standalone application that processes relative abundances between MS signals and then integrates them sequentially to upper levels using the previously published Generic Integration Algorithm (GIA). iSanXoT offers unique capabilities that complement conventional quantitative software applications, including statistical weighting and independent modeling of error distributions in each integration, aggregation of technical or biological replicates, quantification of posttranslational modifications, and analysis of coordinated protein behavior. iSanXoT is a standalone, user-friendly application that accepts output from popular proteomics pipelines and enables unrestricted creation of quantification workflows and fully customizable reports that can be reused across projects or shared among users. Numerous publications attest the successful application of diverse integrative workflows constructed using the GIA for the analysis of high-throughput quantitative proteomics experiments. iSanXoT has been tested with the main operating systems. Download links for the corresponding distributions are available at https://github.com/CNIC-Proteomics/iSanXoT/releases.

A series of 1,5-disubstituted tetrazole-indole hybrids were synthesized via a high-order multicomponent reaction consisting of an Ugi-azide/Pd/Cu-catalyzed hetero-annulation cascade sequence. This operationally simple one-pot protocol allowed high bond-forming efficiency and creating six new bonds (two C–C, three C–N, and one N–N). Additionally, the products were evaluated against breast cancer MCF-7 cells, finding moderate activity in the compounds substituted with fluorine and chlorine.

Abstract Background Sarcoptic mange is an emerging and neglected contagious skin disease caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei, affecting humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. Mange is the main disease and a major concern for the management and conservation of populations of Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica), a medium-sized mountain ungulate endemic to the Iberian Peninsula and Northern Pyrenees. Differences in host-parasite interaction and host immune response determine mange clinical outcome, but little is known about the related differences in gene expression. This study determined blood and skin gene expressions in S. scabiei-experimentally infested Iberian ibexes. Results Infestation with S. scabiei promoted immune and inflammatory genomic responses both in skin and blood, with two different clinical outcomes: either severe infestation or recovery. Sarcoptes scabiei induced local skin immunosuppression to favour its multiplication and establishment of the infestation in the host. Skin gene expression was mostly inflammatory and inefficient to control mange in the severely infected ibexes. Conversely, the immune skin response of the recovered ibexes effectively recognised S. scabiei and activated T-cells, limiting the infestation. Consequently, inflammation-related genes were more expressed in the blood of the severely infested ibexes than in those that recovered. Conclusions The results demonstrate that skin local cellular immune response is key to control sarcoptic mange and prevent the systemic spread of the disease and the associated inflammatory response. These results will be useful to understand the pathogenesis and drivers of the differential outcome of mange at individual scale, and the population and ecological consequences of such variability in Iberian ibex, as well as in other wildlife species, domestic animals, and humans.

Abstract Background Megaoesophagus (ME), a disorder of the oesophagus characterized by diffuse oesophageal dilation and decreased peristalsis that may be congenital or acquired. Knowledge regarding the aetiology and prognosis for canine acquired ME is currently limited with most cases being idiopathic, which is a considerable problem to implement an appropriate treatment and a potential better prognosis. Case presentation A 7-year-old, neutered, female Spanish Water Dog was evaluated for progressive weight loss, chronic vomiting and regurgitation. The patient did not present other clinical signs. The contrast radiography in the cervical zone revealed oesophageal dilation. Eventually, the endoscopy revealed a marked dilation of the oesophagus. A surgery was conducted to insert a gastrotomy feeding tube. Initially, the patient response to this treatment was positive. However, the vomiting and regurgitation reappeared after 8 days. Due to the grim prognosis the owners elected to euthanize the patient. Necropsy revealed severe oesophageal dilation. The histopathological evaluation revealed moderate erosive catarrhal oesophagitis and gastritis. The skeletal muscular layer of the oesophagus showed moderate angular atrophy of some muscular fibres and a severe infiltrate of lymphocytes with marked tropism to autonomous neuronal bodies, some of which showed severe degenerative changes with absence of Nissl corpuscles, pyknotic nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm. The immunohistochemical study revealed that the majority of the infiltrate surrounding neuronal bodies were CD3 + T cells. These findings are consistent with an immune-mediated megaoesophagus. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate surrounding the oesophageal myenteric plexus in an adult dog with no other clinical signs or other myopathies. With these results, the authors hope to raise awareness in the diagnostic of canine ME and include an immune-mediated cause that lean to the establishment of appropriate treatment and improve prognosis of this condition.

Abstract Qualitative changes can occur in the dynamics of nonlinear systems even for small parameter variations. Such changes are manifestations of bifurcation in dynamical systems. In the context of differential game theory, bifurcations offer insights into the underlying mechanisms driving strategic interactions and identify transitions between different types of behavior. Such critical transitions are tipping points that can dramatically change the outcomes of the game. This work explores the possibility of predicting such qualitative shifts, including supercritical Hopf bifurcations, before they occur using a data-driven forecasting technique. This concept is demonstrated for an attacker–defender game in a limited resource scenario and for an active cybersecurity defense game. The time histories of the system dynamics as it approaches a bifurcation allow one player to detect the existence of bifurcations. This capability provides that player insights into the dynamics of the game and potential defense mechanisms in resource-constrained scenarios.

Abstract Background Tissue engineering techniques offer new strategies to understand complex processes in a controlled and reproducible system. In this study, we generated bilayered human tissue substitutes consisting of a cellular connective tissue with a suprajacent epithelium (full-thickness stromal-epithelial substitutes or SESS) and human tissue substitutes with an epithelial layer generated on top of an acellular biomaterial (epithelial substitutes or ESS). Both types of artificial tissues were studied at sequential time periods to analyze the maturation process of the extracellular matrix. Results Regarding epithelial layer, ESS cells showed active proliferation, positive expression of cytokeratin 5, and low expression of differentiation markers, whereas SESS epithelium showed higher differentiation levels, with a progressive positive expression of cytokeratin 10 and claudin. Stromal cells in SESS tended to accumulate and actively synthetize extracellular matrix components such as collagens and proteoglycans in the stromal area in direct contact with the epithelium (zone 1), whereas these components were very scarce in ESS. Regarding the basement membrane, ESS showed a partially differentiated structure containing fibronectin-1 and perlecan. However, SESS showed higher basement membrane differentiation, with positive expression of fibronectin 1, perlecan, nidogen 1, chondroitin-6-sulfate proteoglycans, agrin, and collagens types IV and VII, although this structure was negative for lumican. Finally, both ESS and SESS proved to be useful tools for studying metabolic pathway regulation, revealing differential activation and upregulation of the transforming growth factor-β pathway in ESS and SESS. Conclusions These results confirm the relevance of epithelial-stromal interaction for extracellular matrix development and differentiation, especially regarding basement membrane components, and suggest the usefulness of bilayered artificial tissue substitutes to reproduce ex vivo the extracellular matrix maturation and development process of human tissues. Graphical Abstract

Introduction: Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) in children is a rare condition characterized by deficient production of glucocorticoids and/or mineralocorticoids. The clinical manifestations are nonspecific and insidious. Providers need to know about this disorder to be able to make an early diagnosis, as appropriate management can be life-saving. Methods: We conducted a multicentre retrospective study including every patient aged less than 18 years given a diagnosis of PAI in the last 30 years at 5 Spanish hospitals. Objectives: The objective was to determine the aetiologies, signs, symptoms and laboratory findings of PAI in the paediatric age group. Results: Twenty nine patients received a diagnosis of PAI at a median age of 5.6 years. An aetiological diagnosis was established in 23 patients (79.3%): X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy in 8 (27.6%), autoimmune adrenalitis in 6 (20.7%), X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita in 4 (13.8%), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) resistance syndrome in 2 (6.9%), Pearson syndrome in 2 (6.9%) and Allgrove syndrome in 1 (3.4%). In the remaining 6 patients, no clear aetiology was identified. Sixteen patients (55.2%) had onset with an adrenal crisis. Twenty patients (69%) needed combination therapy (hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone). Conclusions: Asthenia, hyperpigmentation and hyponatraemia were the most prevalent sign, symptom and electrolyte abnormality at onset of PAI, although their absence does not rule out this disease. The elevation of ACTH persists despite adequate glucocorticoid replacement therapy. Resumen: Introducción: La insuficiencia suprarrenal primaria (ISP) es una enfermedad rara en niños caracterizada por la incapacidad en la producción de glucocorticoides y/o mineralocorticoides. Las manifestaciones clínicas son inespecíficas e insidiosas. Debemos conocer esta enfermedad para poder realizar un diagnóstico precoz, ya que el correcto manejo de la enfermedad puede salvar vidas. Diseño: Se ha realizado un estudio multicéntrico y retrospectivo, registrándose todos los pacientes diagnosticados de ISP (menores de 18 años) en los últimos 30 años de 5 hospitales españoles. Objetivos: Determinar la etiología, signos, síntomas y alteraciones analíticas en la insuficiencia suprarrenal primaria en la edad pediátrica. Resultados: Veintinueve pacientes fueron diagnosticados de ISP, con una mediana de 5,6 años. Se logró emitir un diagnóstico etiológico en 23 pacientes (79,3%): encontramos 8 casos de adrenoleucodistrofia ligada al cromosoma X (27,6%), 6 adrenalitis autoinmunes (20,7%), 4 hipoplasias suprarrenales congénitas ligadas al X (13,8%), 2 síndromes de resistencia a la ACTH (6,9%), 2 pacientes con síndrome de Pearson (6,9%) y un paciente con síndrome de Allgrove (3,4%). En los otros 6 pacientes, la etiología es desconocida por el momento. Dieciséis pacientes (55,2%) debutaron en forma de crisis adrenal. Veinte pacientes (69%) precisaron tratamiento combinado (hidrocortisona y fludrocortisona). Conclusiones: La astenia, la hiperpigmentación cutánea y la hiponatremia fueron el síntoma, el signo y la alteración electrolítica más frecuentes al debut, aunque su ausencia, no descarta una ISP. La ACTH (hormona adrenocorticotropa) permanece elevada a pesar de un correcto tratamiento con glucocorticoides.

Heilipus Germar, 1824 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Molytinae, Molytini, Hylobiina) is a largely understudied tropical lineage of weevils with 90 described species distributed from the southern United States to northern Argentina. Several of its species cause damage to avocado (Persea americana Mill.; Lauraceae Juss.) crops in the Americas. Apart from the species of economic importance, there is a paucity of information regarding the host plants of species of Heilipus. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the habits and host plants of this group of weevils, based on a literature review and the examination of label data associated with entomological material in museums and scientific collections. The larval stages of 24 Heilipus species are borers of either seeds or trunks of 38 plant species belonging to 13 genera: 33 species (12 genera) from the family Lauraceae and five species (one genus) from the family Annonaceae Juss. Four new host plant records and the first identification of habits and host plants for H. albovenosus (Champion), H. empiricus (Pascoe), H. fassli (Voss) and H. mirus (Pascoe) are provided. The biology and host plants of the seed and trunk borers are discussed, as well as the oligophagous feeding behaviour exhibited by these two feeding guilds. Seed-boring Heilipus species constitute one of the primary groups of pre-dispersal seed predators of the family Lauraceae in the Americas. Furthermore, the high diversity of Heilipus and its host plants in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest suggests that this area may be a possible centre of origin for these weevils.

Abstract Promoting sustainability within university institutions entails conducting assessments to lay the groundwork for developing educational methodologies. This article presents the validation of a quantitative 36-item scale questionnaire to measure university students' perceptions towards sustainability. A total of 285 university students from different Spanish Universities participated in completing the questionnaire. The reliability and validity of the instrument were statistically assessed through Cronbach’s alpha and confirmatory factor analysis. The questionnaire is of mixed character, combining 6-point Likert scale questions (ranging from “Strongly disagree” to “Strongly agree”), closed and open-ended questions. It was structured into six dimensions: knowledge, attitude, willingness to act, behavior, self-efficacy, and affective. The first five dimensions were confirmed by a confirmatory factor analysis, demonstrating a good fit level in the model (RMSEA = 0.043, CFI = 0.972, SRMR = 0.076, TLI = 0.970 and X2/df = 1.45), while the affective dimension was analyzed using a qualitative approach. Internal reliability, found using Cronbach’s alpha, varies between 0.737 and 0.909. The results show that the instrument meets the validity and reliability criteria. Consequently, a valuable tool for academic utilization is suggested, offering a diagnostic and monitoring mechanism for evaluating sustainability perceptions, a topic that has recently garnered significant attention.

Abstract Impulsivity is an important determinant of human behaviour, affecting self-control, reasonable thinking and food choices. Recent evidence suggests a role for gut microbiota in human behaviour, but the relationship between gut microbiota and impulsive behaviours remains largely unexplored. To address this knowledge gap, the present study aims to explore the associations between faecal microbiota composition with trait and behavioural impulsivity, in a subcohort of the PREDIMED-Plus trial, including older adults presenting overweight/obesity. Fecal samples (n = 231) were profiled for their microbiota composition using 16 S rRNA amplicon sequencing and impulsivity was determined through four different assessments. Adherence to different dietary patterns was estimated through questionnaires. Beta diversity analyses showed a significant association with the Conner’s Performance Test (CPT) in multivariate-adjusted models, and, in total, 13 bacterial genera associated with CPT. Erysipelotrichaceae UCG 003 showed the highest association with CPT and known butyrate producers such as Butyricicoccus spp., Roseburia spp., and Eubacterium hallii were among the identified bacteria. The bacteria Lachnospiraceae UCG 001, Anaerostipes and Blautia were associated with CPT and also the adherence to healthy and unhealthy plant-based diets. In addition, functional analysis showed a significant negative association between the CPT and the glucuronate and galacturonate metabolic pathways. From the other impulsivity assessments, two more associations were identified, for the genus Phascolarctobacterium with the Stroop test, and the genus Lachnospiraceae GAG 54 with the positive urgency subscore of UPPS-P Impulsive Behaviour Scale. Overall, our findings suggest potential links between the faecal microbiota composition and function with behavioural impulsive inattention as determined by the CPT.

Abstract Cardioneuroablation (CNA) represents a promising therapy for recurrent vasovagal syncope (VVS), extrinsically driven atrioventricular block (AVB) and sinus node dysfunction (SND). However, effectiveness in patients aged 50 and above is not well-established. In this prospective study of patients referred for CNA, we compared syncope and pacemaker implantation free survival, heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) and quality of life between two age groups: group A (

Abstract Background Human artificial corneas (HAC) generated by tissue engineering recently demonstrated clinical usefulness in the management of complex corneal diseases. However, the biological mechanisms associated to their regenerative potential need to be elucidated. Methods In the present work, we generated HAC using nanostructured fibrin-agarose biomaterials with cultured corneal epithelial and stromal cells, and we compared the structure and histochemical and immunohistochemical profiles of HAC with control native corneas (CTR-C) and limbus (CTR-L) to determine the level of biomimicry of the HAC with these two native organs. Results HAC tissues consisted of a stratified epithelium and a cellular stromal substitute. The interface between stroma and epithelium was similar to that of CTR-C, without the finger-shaped palisades of Vogt found in CTR-L, and contained a poorly developed basement membrane as determined by PAS histochemistry. Analysis of the stromal layer revealed that HAC contained significantly lower amounts of extracellular matrix components (collagen, proteoglycans, decorin, keratocan, and lumican) than CTR-C and CTR-L, with all samples being devoid of elastic and reticular fibers. At the epithelial level, HAC were strongly positive for several cytokeratins, although KRT5 was lower in HAC as compared to CTR-C and CTR-L. The expression of crystallin lambda was lower in HAC than in control tissues, whereas crystallin alpha-a was similar in HAC and CTR-C. No differences were found among HAC and controls for the cell–cell junction proteins CX43 and TJP1. When specific markers were analyzed, we found that HAC expression profile of KRT3, KRT19, KRT15, and ΔNp63 was more similar to CTR-L than to CTR-C. Conclusions These results suggest that HAC generated in the laboratory could be structurally and functionally more biomimetic to the structure found at the corneal limbus than to the central cornea, and open the door to the use of these artificial tissues in patients with limbal deficiency.

Ante la imposibilidad de alcanzar un análisis reductivo del concepto de mentira, Tobies Grimaltos y Sergi Rosell han propuesto una concepción basada en sus condiciones paradigmáticas, entre las que destaca la de engañar al oyente. La relación entre la mentira y el engaño sería, si bien fundamental para entender los casos prototípicos del concepto, meramente contingente —una tesis que tiene importantes implicaciones para su valoración moral—. Presento aquí su propuesta y avanzo tres objeciones a la misma: primero, que la teoría de la mentira debería de construirse sobre una teoría de la aserción, que ya de por sí delimita lo propiamente dicho en los usos parasitarios del lenguaje (como la metáfora o la ironía). Segundo, que es preciso distinguir los usos de la mentira de sus aspectos constitutivos, entre los cuales destaca la intención de mentir, y no la de engañar. Y tercero, que un modelo paradigmático de la mentira debería de asumir una condición epistémica, y no meramente doxástica, según la cual mentir es, paradigmáticamente, decir algo que uno sabe falso.

Abstract This study utilizes density functional theory (DFT) and the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) to investigate the structural, electronic, and thermoelectric properties of germanium sulfide (GeS) and germanium selenide (GeSe) monolayers, along with their van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures. We analyzed XX-stacked and XY-stacked configurations, where the XX configuration features direct atomic stacking, while the XY configuration exhibits staggered stacking. Our first-principles calculations indicate that the formation of GeS/GeSe heterostructures results in a reduction of bandgaps compared to their bulk and monolayer counterparts, yielding bandgap values of 0.91 eV for the XX configuration and 0.84 eV for the XY configuration. Stability assessments reveal that the XY configuration is more stable, demonstrating a lattice thermal conductivity of 15.21 W/mK compared to 17.95 W/mK for the XX configuration T 300 K. The thermoelectric properties were systematically evaluated across a temperature range of 300–800 K, revealing high Seebeck coefficients of 1.51 mV/K for the XX heterostructure and 1.39 mV/K for the XY heterostructure. reflecting their excellent charge transport capabilities. Notably, the figure of merit (ZT) at 800 K was calculated to be 0.90 for the XX configuration and 1.01 for the XY configuration, underscoring the superior thermoelectric performance of the XY heterostructure. These findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of 2D GeS/GeSe heterostructures for thermoelectric applications and provide a solid foundation for future research and technological advancements in this domain.

Abstract The potential of the island of La Palma (Canary Islands) to host geothermal resources is very high, mainly due to its high volcanic activity. The primary goal of this study is to get a tridimensional image of the seismic intrinsic attenuation using ambient seismic noise and to identify anomalies that may be linked to active geothermal reservoirs on La Palma island. For this purpose, we developed a new Ambient Noise Attenuation Tomography (ANAT) technique, which uses seismic ambient noise for imaging intrinsic attenuation in 3-D at a local scale down to 5 km depth. Our research identifies two areas with high attenuation in the island’s southern region. One area could be associated with hydrothermal alteration zones beneath the Cumbre Vieja volcanic complex. Another high-attenuation zone was observed in the island’s southern part, which could be associated with extensively fractured rocks that might facilitate the circulation of heated fluids. Furthermore, we discuss the geothermal relevance of such anomalies, making a comparison with previous resistivity, S-wave velocity and density models. This study confirms that intrinsic attenuation retrieved from the coda of Rayleigh waves is more sensitive to the presence of fluids than velocity. Fluids being a key component of active geothermal reservoirs, it is reasonable to expect intrinsic attenuation anomalies in these systems. Therefore, we conclude that ANAT can be useful for geothermal exploration.

Abstract Karst represents approximately 15% of the planet’s surface, hundreds of millions of people live on and rely on these aquifers for water supply and agricultural irrigation. In karstic landscapes, groundwater is exposed in sinkholes, inundated caves, and artesian wells, which are two-way communication spots. When the phreatic level is exposed, the groundwater can change substantially as a result of anthropogenic impacts, modifying the water quality and the environmental integrity by incoming excess nutrients, contaminants, pathogens, and other hazardous substances such as metals and microplastics. In this paper, we develop and test a multimetric index to evaluate the condition status of dolines located within urban areas, including seven indicators: trophic index, fecal bacteria, fecal viruses, microplastics, heavy metals, zooplankton biodiversity, and fish biodiversity. Lastly, we made a proof of concept for the index in the dolines on the island of Cozumel (Mexico), resulting in evaluations from fair to good. The index is powerful due to its sensitivity to pathogens and exotic invasive species. This additive weighted index allows to assess the condition status of dolines in urban areas anywhere in the world; if required, modifications are possible.

Abstract Background Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are universally recognised targets designed to combat poverty, inequality, and climate change. However, there exists limited awareness and understanding of these goals among nursing and midwifery students. To address this knowledge gap, a co-designed audio podcast was introduced as an educational tool to enhance students’ comprehension of SDGs and their relevance to the healthcare profession. Methods A prospective study was conducted at Queen’s University Belfast, involving 566 first-year nursing and midwifery students. A 60-minute SDG podcast, co-designed with students and stakeholders, was made accessible within the university’s learning management system. Pre- and post-test questionnaires were administered to assess changes in students’ knowledge levels and attitudes toward SDGs. Additionally, 37 participants engaged in focus group interviews six months after listening to the podcast to explore their experiences and reflections. Quantitative data was analysed using paired t-tests and descriptive statistics, while qualitative data was analysed thematically. Results The podcast significantly increased students’ awareness of SDGs and their understanding of the goals’ relevance to their profession and personal lives. Post-test scores showed substantial improvements across all three sub-scales: knowledge, professional relevance, and personal relevance. Moreover, participants rated the podcast as a valuable learning resource with high acceptability, although some expressed uncertainty about replay intentions. Focus group interviews revealed three themes, including 1) More than you know’, which described how participants developed new knowledge and understanding about SDGs, 2) ‘Nurse-Midwife Nudges’, which illuminated how participants made minor changes to their behaviour and 3) ‘Fitting Format’, which highlighted how participants favoured the use of an audio podcast to learn about SDGs. Discussion This study demonstrates the potential of audio podcasts as an effective and engaging tool for increasing awareness and understanding of SDGs among nursing and midwifery students. The results suggest that such interventions can positively impact students’ knowledge, attitudes, and behavioural intentions regarding the SDGs. The findings also emphasise the importance of co-design in developing educational resources tailored to the specific needs and preferences of students.

Abstract Background Identifying children and adolescents with cardiometabolic risk at an early stage is crucial for effective treatment and prevention. From a practical perspective, this could be accomplished by assessing the presence of abdominal obesity, which serves as a surrogate indicator of increased cardiometabolic risk and is easy to measure. However, the assessment of abdominal obesity via waist circumference has not yet become a standard procedure in pediatric healthcare. The present study aimed to analyze the secular trends in increased cardiometabolic risk, as indicated by waist circumference among Spanish children and adolescents. Methods This study included 4861 children and adolescents aged 8 to 16 years from two nationwide representative cross-sectional surveys, the EnKid study and the PASOS study, conducted in 1998–2000 and 2019–2020, respectively. Anthropometric variables were measured in both surveys by trained personnel. Three different waist-to-height (WHtR) cutoffs were used to define abdominal obesity as criteria for cardiometabolic risk. BMI categories were defined according to the IOTF and WHO growth charts. Results Abdominal obesity [waist to height ratio (cm/cm) > 0.49] significantly increased from 40.7 to 56.1% and 93.8 to 97.2% in participants with overweight and obesity, respectively, between 1998–2000 and 2019–2020 (p

Abstract Tropical forests dominate terrestrial photosynthesis, yet there are major contradictions in our understanding due to a lack of field studies, especially outside the tropical Americas. A recent field study indicated that West African forests have among the highest forests gross primary productivity (GPP) yet observed, contradicting models that rank them lower than Amazonian forests. Here, we show possible reasons for this data-model mismatch. We found that biometric GPP measurements are on average 56.3% higher than multiple global GPP products at the study sites. The underestimation of GPP largely disappears when a standard photosynthesis model is informed by local field-measured values of (a) fractional absorbed photosynthetic radiation (fAPAR), and (b) photosynthetic traits. Remote sensing products systematically underestimate fAPAR (33.9% on average at study sites) due to cloud contamination issues. The study highlights the potential widespread underestimation of tropical forests GPP and carbon cycling and hints at the ways forward for model and input data improvement.

Abstract Pairing transition metals and heavier tetrylenes (Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) holds great potential for cooperative bond activation and catalysis. In this work, we investigate the reactivity of a low-coordinate Pt(0)/Ge(II) system that emerges from the reaction between the monoligated platinum(0) precursor [(PMe2ArDipp2)Pt(olefin)] with germylene dimer [ArDipp2GeCl]2 (where ArDipp2 = C6H3−2,6-(C6H3−2,6- i Pr2)2). The resulting complex reveals ability for cooperative bond activation. Stoichiometric reactions with dihydrogen, water, methanol, ammonia and alkynes unveil the formation of Pt(II)-germyl compounds, characterized by distinct isomeric forms, whose flexibility derives from the particularly low-coordination. We explore its catalytic potential in the hydrodehalogenation of aliphatic, aromatic and main-group halides under dihydrogen atmosphere using both thermal and photochemical conditions, demonstrating promising conversions even for more challenging alkyl chlorides.

Abstract Coral bleaching, a consequence of stressed symbiotic relationships between corals and algae, has escalated due to intensified heat stress events driven by climate change. Despite global efforts, current early warning systems lack local precision. Our study, spanning 2015–2017 in the Mesoamerican Reef, revealed prevalent intermediate bleaching, peaking in 2017. By scrutinizing 23 stress exposure and sensitivity metrics, we accurately predicted 75% of bleaching severity variation. Notably, distinct thermal patterns—particularly the climatological seasonal warming rate and various heat stress metrics—emerged as better predictors compared to conventional indices (such as Degree Heating Weeks). Surprisingly, deeper reefs with diverse coral communities showed heightened vulnerability. This study presents a framework for coral reef bleaching vulnerability assessment, leveraging accessible data (including historical and real-time sea surface temperature, habitat variables, and species composition). Its operational potential lies in seamless integration with existing monitoring systems, offering crucial insights for conservation and management.

Background: Clinically important perioperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common cardiac complication after noncardiac surgery. Little is known about how patients with POAF are managed acutely and whether practices have changed over time. Methods: We conducted an observational substudy of patients who had POAF, were at elevated cardiovascular risk, and were enrolled in the PeriOperative Ischemic Evaluation (POISE)-1, 2 and 3 trials between 2002 and 2021. POAF was defined as new, clinically important atrial fibrillation occurring within 30 days after surgery. We assessed the use of rhythm-control and anticoagulation treatment in response to POAF, at hospital discharge and at 30 days after surgery. We assessed for temporal trends using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Of the 27,896 patients included, 545 (1.9%) developed clinically important POAF. Patients received rhythm-control treatment in 48.6% of cases. The level of use of rhythm-control treatment increased over the course of the trials (POISE-1 vs POISE-2 vs POISE-3; 40.9% vs 49.5% vs 59.1%). A later randomization date was associated independently with use of rhythm-control treatment (odds ratio, 1.05 per year; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.09). Anticoagulation treatment was prescribed in 21% of POAF cases. The level of anticoagulation treatement use was higher in POISE-3, compared to that in the 2 previous trials (POISE-1 vs POISE-2 vs POISE-3—16.4% vs 16.5% vs 33.6%). A later randomization date was associated independently with use of anticoagulation treatment (odds ratio, 1.06 per year; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.11). Conclusions: Despite the absence of randomized controlled trials, the level of use of rhythm-control and anticoagulation treatment for POAF is rising. High-quality trials are needed urgently to determine whether these interventions are safe and effective in this population. Résumé: Contexte: En chirurgie non cardiaque, la fibrillation auriculaire postopératoire (FAPO) d’importance clinique est une complication cardiaque fréquente. La prise en charge ponctuelle des patients présentant une FAPO est mal connue et on ne sait pas précisément si les pratiques ont évolué au fil du temps. Méthodologie: Nous avons mené une sous-étude d’observation auprès de patients ayant présenté une FAPO et dont le risque cardiovasculaire était élevé, et qui avaient participé aux études 1, 2 ou 3 du programme d’essais cliniques POISE (PeriOperative Ischemic Evaluation) entre 2002 et 2021. La FAPO était définie comme un nouvel épisode de fibrillation auriculaire (FA) d’importance clinique au cours des 30 jours suivant une intervention chirurgicale. Nous avons évalué l’utilisation d’un traitement visant à régulariser le rythme cardiaque et de l’anticoagulothérapie dans la prise en charge d’une FAPO, au moment du congé de l’hôpital, puis 30 jours après l’intervention chirurgicale. Nous avons procédé à l’évaluation des tendances temporelles par régression logistique multivariée. Résultats: Sur les 27 896 patients inclus dans l’analyse, 545 (1,9 %) ont présenté une FAPO d’importance clinique. Dans 48,6 % des cas, les patients ont reçu un traitement visant à régulariser le rythme cardiaque. Le taux d’utilisation d’un traitement visant à régulariser le rythme cardiaque a augmenté d’une étude à l’autre (étude POISE-1 vs étude POISE-2 vs étude POISE-3; 40,9 % vs 49,5 % vs 59,1 %, respectivement). Une date plus tardive de la répartition aléatoire était un facteur indépendant de l’utilisation d’un traitement visant à régulariser le rythme cardiaque (rapport de cotes = 1,05 par an; intervalle de confiance [IC] à 95 % : 1,01-1,09). Une anticoagulothérapie a été prescrite à 21 % des patients ayant présenté une FAPO. Le taux d’utilisation d’une anticoagulothérapie était plus élevé dans l’étude POISE-3, comparativement aux deux essais précédents (étude POISE-1 vs étude POISE-2 vs étude POISE-3; – 16,4 % vs 16,5 % vs 33,6 %, respectivement). Une date plus tardive de la répartition aléatoire était un facteur indépendant d’utilisation d’une anticoagulothérapie (rapport de cotes = 1,06 par an; IC à 95 % : 1,02-1,11). Conclusions: Malgré l’absence d’essais comparatifs avec répartition aléatoire, le taux d’utilisation d’un traitement visant à régulariser le rythme cardiaque ou d’une anticoagulothérapie chez les patients présentant une FAPO est en augmentation. Il existe un besoin urgent de réaliser des études cliniques de grande qualité afin de déterminer si ces interventions sont sûres et efficaces dans cette population de patients.

Abstract Low-abundance members of microbial communities are difficult to study in their native habitats, including Escherichia coli, a minor but common inhabitant of the gastrointestinal tract, and key opportunistic pathogen of the urinary tract. While multi-omic analyses have detailed interactions between uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and the bladder mediating urinary tract infection (UTI), little is known about UPEC in its pre-infection reservoir, the gastrointestinal tract, partly due to its low relative abundance (

La investigación aborda las deficiencias encontradas en los informes técnicos relacionados con la auditoría penal, señalando errores significativos que afectan su rigor y credibilidad. Se identificaron problemas como la falta de un análisis exhaustivo de los hechos, la inadecuada contextualización de los delitos denunciados y una presentación confusa de conclusiones y recomendaciones, así como la ausencia de elementos probatorios pertinentes. Estos errores no solo comprometen la eficacia de la Contraloría General del Estado en el control de recursos públicos, sino que también erosionan su credibilidad ante la opinión pública. En respuesta a estos hallazgos, se recomendaron 12 buenas prácticas diseñadas para mejorar la calidad y confiabilidad de los informes técnicos, y fortalecer la confianza de las instituciones judiciales y de la sociedad en la labor de la Contraloría. Además, se sustentó una propuesta de reforma al numeral 1 del artículo 511 del Código Orgánico Integral Penal, la cual busca legitimar a los auditores de la Contraloría como peritos en casos de enriquecimiento ilícito, aprovechando su experiencia técnica. El sistema informático implementado para monitorear y validar esta reforma ha demostrado ser una herramienta efectiva para mejorar la gestión del proceso. Facilita la recopilación y análisis de datos, asegura una evaluación rigurosa y fomenta la rendición de cuentas. Con la colaboración de 7 expertos que evaluaron la propuesta, se concluyó que esta es altamente pertinente, lo que refleja el éxito del enfoque propuesto y su potencial para fortalecer los procesos penales en casos de corrupción y mejorar el manejo de pruebas en juicios por enriquecimiento ilícito.

Abstract Introduction Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease causing non-scarring hair loss, with both genetic and environmental factors implicated. Recent research highlights a possible role for scalp microbiota in influencing both local and systemic inflammatory responses, potentially impacting AA progression. This study examines the link among scalp microbiota imbalances, AA severity, and systemic inflammation. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study with 24 participants, including patients with AA of varying severities and healthy controls. Scalp microbial communities were analyzed using swab samples and ion torrent sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene across multiple hypervariable regions. We explored correlations among bacterial abundance, microbiome metabolic pathways, and circulating inflammatory markers. Results Our findings reveal significant dysbiosis in the scalp microbiota of patients with AA compared to healthy controls. Severe AA cases had an increased presence of pro-inflammatory microbial taxa like Proteobacteria, whereas milder cases had higher levels of anti-inflammatory Actinobacteria. Notable species differences included abundant gram-negative bacteria such as Alistipes inops and Bacteroides pleibeius in severe AA, contrasted with Blautia faecis and Pyramydobacter piscolens predominantly in controls. Significantly, microbial imbalance correlated with AA severity (SALT scores) and systemic inflammatory markers, with elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines linked to more severe disease. Conclusion These results suggest that scalp microbiota may play a role in AA-related inflammation, although it is unclear whether the shifts are a cause or consequence of hair loss. Further research is needed to clarify the causal relationship and mechanisms involved.

Abstract We present a comprehensive integrative taxonomic review of Callosciurus caniceps and Tamiops mcclellandii as they are currently defined. This review combines published molecular evidence, craniodental morphometrics, pelage and bacular variation, evaluations of potential hybrid zones using museum specimens and citizen science photographs, and, for C. caniceps, bioacoustic evidence. Our findings lead to the recognition of two species that had been lost in synonymy and highlight future perspectives on species delimitation in Sciuridae. By comparing phenotypic differentiation across climatic and vegetation transitions and contextualizing our results with the evolutionary history of our study systems, we provide insights into distribution, ecogeographical patterns, and speciation drivers in Southeast Asian vertebrates.

El presente artículo problematiza el sentido de una “estética” en la obra de Félix Guattari. A diferencia de la bibliografía existente que se centra en la obra de Deleuze, en el trabajo conjunto de Deleuze y Guattari y en la tardía noción guattariana de paradigma estético, aquí proponemos alternativamente ocuparnos del período temprano del militante francés. Dado que las referencias al arte atraviesan la totalidad de sus escritos, se trata aquí de un doble movimiento: acotar las múltiples indicaciones sobre el arte (y la estética), tanto como vincular estas con el resto del universo discursivo guattariano. Nuestra pregunta de investigación es, por tanto, la siguiente: ¿qué conceptualización del arte se vislumbra para él entre 1955 y 1980? Para esto dividimos el texto en tres apartados: una introducción problematizadora, un cuerpo donde visitamos cronológicamente los textos para obtener los sentidos de una posible “estética” y un cierre a modo de conclusión.

Abstract The practical development of compact modern nanophotonic devices relies on the availability of fast and low-cost fabrication techniques applicable to a wide variety of materials and designs. We have engraved a split grating geometry on stainless steel using femtosecond laser processing. This structure serves as a template to fabricate efficient plasmonic sensors, where a thick gold layer is grown conformally on it. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images confirm the generation of the split laser-induced periodic spatial structures. The optical reflectance of our sensors shows two dips corresponding to the excitation of surface plasmon resonances (SPRs) at two different wavelengths. Furthermore, the asymmetric shape of these spectral responses reveals a strong and narrow Fano resonance. Our computational electromagnetism models accurately reproduce the reflectivity of the fabricated structure. The spectral responses of both the simulated and fabricated structures are fitted to the Fano model that coherently combines the narrow SPRs with the broad continuum background caused by diffraction. The parameters extracted from the fitting, such as the resonance wavelengths and line widths, are used to evaluate the performance of our device as a refractometric sensor for liquids. The maximum sensitivity and figure of merit are 880 nm/RIU and 80 RIU−1, respectively. Besides the compact design of our sensing device, its performance exceeds the theoretical maximum sensitivity of a classical Kretschmann setup.

Abstract Numerous studies proposed methods to detect Parkinson’s disease (PD) via speech analysis. However, existing corpora often lack prodromal recordings, have small sample sizes, and lack longitudinal data. Speech samples from celebrities who publicly disclosed their PD diagnosis provide longitudinal data, allowing the creation of a new corpus, ParkCeleb. We collected videos from 40 subjects with PD and 40 controls and analyzed evolving speech features from 10 years before to 20 years after diagnosis. Our longitudinal analysis, focused on 15 subjects with PD and 15 controls, revealed features like pitch variability, pause duration, speech rate, and syllable duration, indicating PD progression. Early dysarthria patterns were detectable in the prodromal phase, with the best classifiers achieving AUCs of 0.72 and 0.75 for data collected ten and five years before diagnosis, respectively, and 0.93 post-diagnosis. This study highlights the potential for early detection methods, aiding treatment response identification and screening in clinical trials.

Abstract A serious obstacle for understanding early spatial vision comes from the failure of the so-called standard model (SM) to predict the perception of plaid masking. But the SM originated from a major oversimplification of single neuron computations, ignoring fundamental properties of dendrites. Here we show that a spatial vision model including computations mimicking the input-dependent nature of dendritic nonlinearities, i.e. including nonlinear neural summation, has the potential to explain plaid masking data.

Abstract Ultraviolet (UV) light that penetrates our atmosphere initiates various photochemical and photobiological processes. However, the absence of extremely short UV pulses has so far hindered our ability to fully capture the mechanisms at the very early stages of such processes. This is important because the concerted motion of electrons and nuclei in the first few femtoseconds often determines molecular reactivity. Here we investigate the dissociative dynamics of iodomethane following UV photoexcitation, utilizing mass spectrometry with a 5 fs time resolution. The short duration of the UV pump pulse (4.2 fs) allows the ultrafast dynamics to be investigated in the absence of any external field, from well before any significant vibrational displacement occurs until dissociation has taken place. The experimental results combined with semi-classical trajectory calculations provide the identification of the main dissociation channels and indirectly reveal the signature of a conical intersection in the time-dependent yield of the iodine ion. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the UV-induced breakage of the C-I bond can be prevented when the molecule is ionized by the probe pulse within 5 fs after the UV excitation, showcasing an ultrafast stabilization scheme against dissociation.

As part of an inventory of the parasitic helminths of rodents, two species of the class Oxyuroidea (Heteroxynema cucullatum Hall, 1916 and Rauschtineria eutamii (Tiner, 1948) Hugot, 1980) were collected from three Cliff Chipmunk specimens (Neotamias dorsalis (Baird, 1955)) in the Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Cerro del Mohinora, Mexico. These nematodes have been recorded in different species of the genus Neotamias (Illiger, 1811), which can be found in sympatry mainly along the entire west coast of the USA. This is the first record of both species in Mexico.

Los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) son una prioridad para la educación. Los sistemas educativos ofrecen contextos experienciales, como las prácticas externas docentes, en los que se aborda la relación de los ODS con las necesidades actuales de la educación. El objetivo de esta investigación es explorar la percepción de futuros docentes en prácticas externas sobre la influencia de la tutorización que reciben a la hora de abordar temas transversales enmarcados en los ODS. El estudio se sustentó en un diseño metodológico descriptivo que incluyó un cuestionario ad hoc que fue cumplimentado por 134 participantes. Se realizaron análisis de fiabilidad y validez del instrumento, así como análisis estadísticos descriptivos mediante el software SPSS. Los resultados muestran mayor influencia de la tutorización en el aula en comparación con el contexto escuela, además de indicar que el asesoramiento brindado fue insuficiente, aunque clave para el trabajo en áreas educativas transversales como la equidad de género o el cuidado del medio ambiente. Por último, el estudio presenta el modelo conceptual del instrumento generado como una herramienta útil para valorar el nivel del profesorado como agente de cambio social.

Abstract Social media messages often provide insights into offline behaviors. Although hate speech proliferates rapidly across social media platforms, it is rarely recognized as a cybercrime, even when it may be linked to offline hate crimes that typically involve physical violence. This paper aims to anticipate violent acts by analyzing online hate speech (hatred, toxicity, and sentiment) and comparing it to offline hate crime. The dataset for this preregistered study included social media posts from X (previously called Twitter) and Facebook and internal police records of hate crimes reported in Spain between 2016 and 2018. After conducting preliminary data analysis to check the moderate temporal correlation, we used time series analysis to develop computational models (VAR, GLMNet, and XGBTree) to predict four time periods of these rare events on a daily and weekly basis. Forty-eight models were run to forecast two types of offline hate crimes, those against migrants and those against the LGBT community. The best model for migrant crime achieved an R2 of 64%, while that for LGBT crime reached 53%. According to the best ML models, the weekly aggregations outperformed the daily aggregations, the national models outperformed those geolocated in Madrid, and those about migration were more effective than those about LGBT people. Moreover, toxic language outperformed hatred and sentiment analysis, Facebook posts were better predictors than tweets, and in most cases, speech temporally preceded crime. Although we do not make any claims about causation, we conclude that online inflammatory language could be a leading indicator for detecting potential hate crimes acts and that these models can have practical applications for preventing these crimes.

One hundred years after the publication of History and Class Consciousness, it is imperative to revisit the classic work of Georg Lukács to discuss the relevance of his ideas in a world where the capitalist mode of production does not cease to show its devastating effects. To do so, we divide the article into two sections. In the first part, we place Lukács’ work in dialogue with that of Hegel and Marx in order to clarify the status of violence as an ontological condition of history, allowing us to determine the theoretical-practical framework from which social revolution can be conceptualized. In the second section, we analyze Lukács’ notion of class consciousness not as a historical fatality but as an act of self-determination of the proletariat. We compare this proposal with the current situation of gentrification of the proletariat which, far from invalidating the Hungarian author’s proposal, constitutes its reversal and the platform for its actualization. Ultimately, it is about the proletarian still today taking control and becoming, through class consciousness, the subject-object of history. We conclude by reinterpreting Lukács’ terms in a practice that counters a reactionary position in order to combat both the reactionary movements and the hedonistic immobilism of the proletariat.

En este estudio se analiza un objeto arqueológico que ha sido identificado tradicionalmente como una pila bautismal visigoda. La ausencia de elementos que evidencien esta enquistada teoría y la escasa cantidad de bibliografía existente al respecto nos ha llevado a pensar en otras opciones más acordes a las condiciones socioeconómicas que han caracterizado a la comarca de Los Alcores históricamente. Bajo esta premisa, además, se intentará dar a conocer y difundir el elemento patrimonial del enclave, cuyo conocimiento continúa siendo muy limitado a pesar de su potencial.

Purpose: This research study aims to determine the importance of non-financial rewards as an element of total compensation and its relationship to human resource management mediated by the relationship of strategic corporate governance in the technology sector. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative approach of extrinsic and intrinsic non-financial rewards, human resource management and strategic management of the company has been carried out. To obtain the necessary data, self-administered questionnaire were used. The results obtained from a sample of 97 human resource managers in the technology sector proves the causal relationship between each type of non-financial reward and human resource management, as well as its link to the strategic management. Findings: Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM), significant relationships occur between human resource management and strategic management, followed by the relationship between human resource management and intrinsic rewards. A significant relationship exists between human resource management and direct and indirect intrinsic rewards through strategic management. In turn, only an indirect relationship exists between human resource management and extrinsic non-financial rewards through strategic management, but there is no direct relationship. Originality/value: These findings are highly important for human resource management, since it could allow the development of new compensation strategies with non-financial rewards under strategic management helping technology companies to generate competitive advantage by means of the same.