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1. Reconstruction of 400 GeV/c proton interactions with the SHiP-charm project

Author

SHiP Collaboration, C. Ahdida, A. Akmete, R. Albanese, A. Alexandrov, F. Alicante, J. Alt, S. Aoki, G. Arduini, J. J. Back, F. Baaltasar Dos Santos, F. Bardou, G. J. Barker, M. Battistin, J. Bauche, A. Bay, V. Bayliss, C. Betancourt, I. Bezshyiko, O. Bezshyyko, D. Bick, S. Bieschke, A. Blanco, J. Boehm, M. Bogomilov, I. Boiarska, K. Bondarenko, W. M. Bonivento, J. Borburgh, A. Boyarsky, R. Brenner, D. Breton, A. Brignoli, V. Büscher, A. Buonaura, S. Buontempo, S. Cadeddu, M. Calviani, M. Campanelli, M. Casolino, D. Centanni, N. Charitonidis, P. Chau, J. Chauveau, K.-Y. Choi, A. Chumakov, V. Cicero, M. Climescu, A. Conaboy, L. Congedo, K. Cornelis, M. Cristinziani, A. Crupano, G. M. Dallavalle, A. Datwyler, N. D’Ambrosio, G. D’Appollonio, R. de Asmundis, J. De Carvalho Saraiva, G. De Lellis, M. de Magistris, A. De Roeck, M. De Serio, D. De Simone, A. Di Crescenzo, L. Di Giulio, C. Dib, H. Dijkstra, L. A. Dougherty, V. Drohan, A. Dubreuil, O. Durhan, M. Ehlert, E. Elikkaya, F. Fabbri, F. Fedotovs, M. Ferrillo, M. Ferro-Luzzi, R. A. Fini, H. Fischer, P. Fonte, C. Franco, M. Fraser, R. Fresa, R. Froeschl, T. Fukuda, G. Galati, J. Gall, L. Gatignon, V. Gentile, B. Goddard, L. Golinka-Bezshyyko, A. Golutvin, P. Gorbounov, V. Gorkavenko, A. L. Grandchamp, E. Graverini, J.-L. Grenard, D. Grenier, A. M. Guler, G. J. Haefeli, C. Hagner, H. Hakobyan, I. W. Harris, E. van Herwijnen, C. Hessler, A. Hollnagel, B. Hosseini, G. Iaselli, A. Iuliano, R. Jacobsson, D. Joković, M. Jonker, I. Kadenko, V. Kain, B. Kaiser, C. Kamiscioglu, K. Kershaw, G. Khoriauli, Y. G. Kim, N. Kitagawa, J.-W. Ko, K. Kodama, D. I. Kolev, M. Komatsu, A. Kono, S. Kormannshaus, I. Korol, A. Korzenev, V. Kostyukhin, E. Koukovini Platia, S. Kovalenko, H. M. Lacker, M. Lamont, O. Lantwin, A. Lauria, K. S. Lee, K. Y. Lee, N. Leonardo, J.-M. Lévy, V. P. Loschiavo, L. Lopes, E. Lopez Sola, F. Lyons, V. Lyubovitskij, J. Maalmi, A.-M. Magnan, Y. Manabe, M. Manfredi, S. Marsh, A. M. Marshall, P. Mermod, A. Miano, S. Mikado, A. Mikulenko, D. A. Milstead, A. Montanari, M. C. Montesi, K. Morishima, Y. Muttoni, N. Naganawa, M. Nakamura, T. Nakano, P. Ninin, A. Nishio, S. Ogawa, J. Osborne, M. Ovchynnikov, N. Owtscharenko, P. H. Owen, P. Pacholek, B. D. Park, A. Pastore, M. Patel, A. Perillo-Marcone, G. L. Petkov, K. Petridis, J. Prieto Prieto, A. Prota, A. Quercia, A. Rademakers, A. Rakai, T. Rawlings, F. Redi, A. Reghunath, S. Ricciardi, M. Rinaldesi, Volodymyr Rodin, Viktor Rodin, P. Robbe, A. B. Rodrigues Cavalcante, H. Rokujo, T. Rovelli, O. Ruchayskiy, T. Ruf, F. Sanchez Galan, P. Santos Diaz, A. Sanz Ull, O. Sato, J. S. Schliwinski, W. Schmidt-Parzefall, M. Schumann, N. Serra, S. Sgobba, O. Shadura, M. Shaposhnikov, L. Shchutska, H. Shibuya, L. Shihora, S. Shirobokov, S. B. Silverstein, S. Simone, R. Simoniello, G. Soares, J. Y. Sohn, A. Sokolenko, E. Solodko, L. Stoel, M. E. Stramaglia, D. Sukhonos, Y. Suzuki, S. Takahashi, J. L. Tastet, I. Timiryasov, V. Tioukov, D. Tommasini, M. Torii, N. Tosi, D. Treille, R. Tsenov, G. Vankova-Kirilova, F. Vannucci, P. Venkova, V. Venturi, S. Vilchinski, Heinz Vincke, Helmut Vincke, C. Visone, S. van Waasen, R. Wanke, P. Wertelaers, O. Williams, J.-K. Woo, M. Wurm, S. Xella, D. Yilmaz, A. U. Yilmazer, C. S. Yoon, and J. Zimmerman

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The SHiP-charm project was proposed to measure the associated charm production induced by 400 GeV/c protons in a thick target, including the contribution from cascade production. An optimisation run was performed in July 2018 at CERN SPS using a hybrid setup. The high resolution of nuclear emulsions acting as vertex detector was complemented by electronic detectors for kinematic measurements and muon identification. Here we present first results on the analysis of nuclear emulsions exposed in the 2018 run, which prove the capability of reconstructing proton interaction vertices in a harsh environment, where the signal is largely dominated by secondary particles produced in hadronic and electromagnetic showers within the lead target.

Published
2024
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2. The SHiP experiment at the proposed CERN SPS Beam Dump Facility

Author

C. Ahdida, A. Akmete, R. Albanese, J. Alt, A. Alexandrov, A. Anokhina, S. Aoki, G. Arduini, E. Atkin, N. Azorskiy, J. J. Back, A. Bagulya, F. Baaltasar Dos Santos, A. Baranov, F. Bardou, G. J. Barker, M. Battistin, J. Bauche, A. Bay, V. Bayliss, A. Y. Berdnikov, Y. A. Berdnikov, C. Betancourt, I. Bezshyiko, O. Bezshyyko, D. Bick, S. Bieschke, A. Blanco, J. Boehm, M. Bogomilov, I. Boiarska, K. Bondarenko, W. M. Bonivento, J. Borburgh, A. Boyarsky, R. Brenner, D. Breton, A. Brignoli, V. Büscher, A. Buonaura, S. Buontempo, S. Cadeddu, M. Calviani, M. Campanelli, M. Casolino, N. Charitonidis, P. Chau, J. Chauveau, A. Chepurnov, M. Chernyavskiy, K.-Y. Choi, A. Chumakov, M. Climescu, A. Conaboy, L. Congedo, K. Cornelis, M. Cristinziani, A. Crupano, G. M. Dallavalle, A. Datwyler, N. D’Ambrosio, G. D’Appollonio, R. de Asmundis, J. De Carvalho Saraiva, G. De Lellis, M. de Magistris, A. De Roeck, M. De Serio, D. De Simone, L. Dedenko, P. Dergachev, A. Di Crescenzo, L. Di Giulio, C. Dib, H. Dijkstra, V. Dmitrenko, L. A. Dougherty, A. Dolmatov, S. Donskov, V. Drohan, A. Dubreuil, O. Durhan, M. Ehlert, E. Elikkaya, T. Enik, A. Etenko, O. Fedin, F. Fedotovs, M. Ferrillo, M. Ferro-Luzzi, K. Filippov, R. A. Fini, H. Fischer, P. Fonte, C. Franco, M. Fraser, R. Fresa, R. Froeschl, T. Fukuda, G. Galati, J. Gall, L. Gatignon, G. Gavrilov, V. Gentile, B. Goddard, L. Golinka-Bezshyyko, A. Golovatiuk, V. Golovtsov, D. Golubkov, A. Golutvin, P. Gorbounov, D. Gorbunov, S. Gorbunov, V. Gorkavenko, M. Gorshenkov, V. Grachev, A. L. Grandchamp, E. Graverini, J.-L. Grenard, D. Grenier, V. Grichine, N. Gruzinskii, A. M. Guler, Yu. Guz, G. J. Haefeli, C. Hagner, H. Hakobyan, I. W. Harris, E. van Herwijnen, C. Hessler, A. Hollnagel, B. Hosseini, M. Hushchyn, G. Iaselli, A. Iuliano, R. Jacobsson, D. Joković, M. Jonker, I. Kadenko, V. Kain, B. Kaiser, C. Kamiscioglu, D. Karpenkov, K. Kershaw, M. Khabibullin, E. Khalikov, G. Khaustov, G. Khoriauli, A. Khotyantsev, Y. G. Kim, V. Kim, N. Kitagawa, J.-W. Ko, K. Kodama, A. Kolesnikov, D. I. Kolev, V. Kolosov, M. Komatsu, A. Kono, N. Konovalova, S. Kormannshaus, I. Korol, I. Korol’ko, A. Korzenev, E. Koukovini Platia, S. Kovalenko, I. Krasilnikova, Y. Kudenko, E. Kurbatov, P. Kurbatov, V. Kurochka, E. Kuznetsova, H. M. Lacker, M. Lamont, O. Lantwin, A. Lauria, K. S. Lee, K. Y. Lee, N. Leonardo, J.-M. Lévy, V. P. Loschiavo, L. Lopes, E. Lopez Sola, F. Lyons, V. Lyubovitskij, J. Maalmi, A.-M. Magnan, V. Maleev, A. Malinin, Y. Manabe, A. K. Managadze, M. Manfredi, S. Marsh, A. M. Marshall, A. Mefodev, P. Mermod, A. Miano, S. Mikado, Yu. Mikhaylov, A. Mikulenko, D. A. Milstead, O. Mineev, M. C. Montesi, K. Morishima, S. Movchan, Y. Muttoni, N. Naganawa, M. Nakamura, T. Nakano, S. Nasybulin, P. Ninin, A. Nishio, B. Obinyakov, S. Ogawa, N. Okateva, J. Osborne, M. Ovchynnikov, N. Owtscharenko, P. H. Owen, P. Pacholek, B. D. Park, A. Pastore, M. Patel, D. Pereyma, A. Perillo-Marcone, G. L. Petkov, K. Petridis, A. Petrov, D. Podgrudkov, V. Poliakov, N. Polukhina, J. Prieto Prieto, M. Prokudin, A. Prota, A. Quercia, A. Rademakers, A. Rakai, F. Ratnikov, T. Rawlings, F. Redi, A. Reghunath, S. Ricciardi, M. Rinaldesi, Volodymyr Rodin, Viktor Rodin, P. Robbe, A. B. Rodrigues Cavalcante, T. Roganova, H. Rokujo, G. Rosa, O. Ruchayskiy, T. Ruf, V. Samoylenko, V. Samsonov, F. Sanchez Galan, P. Santos Diaz, A. Sanz Ull, O. Sato, E. S. Savchenko, J. S. Schliwinski, W. Schmidt-Parzefall, M. Schumann, N. Serra, S. Sgobba, O. Shadura, A. Shakin, M. Shaposhnikov, P. Shatalov, T. Shchedrina, L. Shchutska, V. Shevchenko, H. Shibuya, L. Shihora, S. Shirobokov, A. Shustov, S. B. Silverstein, S. Simone, R. Simoniello, M. Skorokhvatov, S. Smirnov, G. Soares, J. Y. Sohn, A. Sokolenko, E. Solodko, N. Starkov, L. Stoel, M. E. Stramaglia, D. Sukhonos, Y. Suzuki, S. Takahashi, J. L. Tastet, P. Teterin, S. Than Naing, I. Timiryasov, V. Tioukov, D. Tommasini, M. Torii, D. Treille, R. Tsenov, S. Ulin, E. Ursov, A. Ustyuzhanin, Z. Uteshev, L. Uvarov, G. Vankova-Kirilova, F. Vannucci, P. Venkova, V. Venturi, I. Vidulin, S. Vilchinski, Heinz Vincke, Helmut Vincke, C. Visone, K. Vlasik, A. Volkov, R. Voronkov, S. van Waasen, R. Wanke, P. Wertelaers, O. Williams, J.-K. Woo, M. Wurm, S. Xella, D. Yilmaz, A. U. Yilmazer, C. S. Yoon, Yu. Zaytsev, A. Zelenov, J. Zimmerman, and SHiP Collaboration

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The Search for Hidden Particles (SHiP) Collaboration has proposed a general-purpose experimental facility operating in beam-dump mode at the CERN SPS accelerator to search for light, feebly interacting particles. In the baseline configuration, the SHiP experiment incorporates two complementary detectors. The upstream detector is designed for recoil signatures of light dark matter (LDM) scattering and for neutrino physics, in particular with tau neutrinos. It consists of a spectrometer magnet housing a layered detector system with high-density LDM/neutrino target plates, emulsion-film technology and electronic high-precision tracking. The total detector target mass amounts to about eight tonnes. The downstream detector system aims at measuring visible decays of feebly interacting particles to both fully reconstructed final states and to partially reconstructed final states with neutrinos, in a nearly background-free environment. The detector consists of a 50 $$\mathrm { \,m}$$ m long decay volume under vacuum followed by a spectrometer and particle identification system with a rectangular acceptance of 5 m in width and 10 m in height. Using the high-intensity beam of 400 $$\,\mathrm {GeV}$$ GeV protons, the experiment aims at profiting from the $$4\times 10^{19}$$ 4 × 10 19 protons per year that are currently unexploited at the SPS, over a period of 5–10 years. This allows probing dark photons, dark scalars and pseudo-scalars, and heavy neutral leptons with GeV-scale masses in the direct searches at sensitivities that largely exceed those of existing and projected experiments. The sensitivity to light dark matter through scattering reaches well below the dark matter relic density limits in the range from a few $${\mathrm {\,MeV\!/}c^2}$$ MeV / c 2 up to 100 MeV-scale masses, and it will be possible to study tau neutrino interactions with unprecedented statistics. This paper describes the SHiP experiment baseline setup and the detector systems, together with performance results from prototypes in test beams, as it was prepared for the 2020 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics. The expected detector performance from simulation is summarised at the end.

Published
2022
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3. Sensitivity of the SHiP experiment to dark photons decaying to a pair of charged particles

Author

SHiP Collaboration, C. Ahdida, A. Akmete, R. Albanese, A. Alexandrov, A. Anokhina, S. Aoki, G. Arduini, E. Atkin, N. Azorskiy, J. J. Back, A. Bagulya, F. Baaltasar Dos Santos, A. Baranov, F. Bardou, G. J. Barker, M. Battistin, J. Bauche, A. Bay, V. Bayliss, G. Bencivenni, A. Y. Berdnikov, Y. A. Berdnikov, M. Bertani, C. Betancourt, I. Bezshyiko, O. Bezshyyko, D. Bick, S. Bieschke, A. Blanco, J. Boehm, M. Bogomilov, I. Boiarska, K. Bondarenko, W. M. Bonivento, J. Borburgh, A. Boyarsky, R. Brenner, D. Breton, V. Büscher, A. Buonaura, S. Buontempo, S. Cadeddu, A. Calcaterra, M. Calviani, M. Campanelli, M. Casolino, N. Charitonidis, P. Chau, J. Chauveau, A. Chepurnov, M. Chernyavskiy, K.-Y. Choi, A. Chumakov, P. Ciambrone, V. Cicero, L. Congedo, K. Cornelis, M. Cristinziani, A. Crupano, G. M. Dallavalle, A. Datwyler, N. D’Ambrosio, G. D’Appollonio, R. de Asmundis, J. De Carvalho Saraiva, G. De Lellis, M. de Magistris, A. De Roeck, M. De Serio, D. De Simone, L. Dedenko, P. Dergachev, A. Di Crescenzo, L. Di Giulio, N. Di Marco, C. Dib, H. Dijkstra, V. Dmitrenko, L. A. Dougherty, A. Dolmatov, D. Domenici, S. Donskov, V. Drohan, A. Dubreuil, O. Durhan, M. Ehlert, E. Elikkaya, T. Enik, A. Etenko, F. Fabbri, O. Fedin, F. Fedotovs, G. Felici, M. Ferrillo, M. Ferro-Luzzi, K. Filippov, R. A. Fini, P. Fonte, C. Franco, M. Fraser, R. Fresa, R. Froeschl, T. Fukuda, G. Galati, J. Gall, L. Gatignon, G. Gavrilov, V. Gentile, B. Goddard, L. Golinka-Bezshyyko, A. Golovatiuk, V. Golovtsov, D. Golubkov, A. Golutvin, P. Gorbounov, D. Gorbunov, S. Gorbunov, V. Gorkavenko, M. Gorshenkov, V. Grachev, A. L. Grandchamp, E. Graverini, J.-L. Grenard, D. Grenier, V. Grichine, N. Gruzinskii, A. M. Guler, Yu. Guz, G. J. Haefeli, C. Hagner, H. Hakobyan, I. W. Harris, E. van Herwijnen, C. Hessler, A. Hollnagel, B. Hosseini, M. Hushchyn, G. Iaselli, A. Iuliano, R. Jacobsson, D. Joković, M. Jonker, I. Kadenko, V. Kain, B. Kaiser, C. Kamiscioglu, D. Karpenkov, K. Kershaw, M. Khabibullin, E. Khalikov, G. Khaustov, G. Khoriauli, A. Khotyantsev, Y. G. Kim, V. Kim, N. Kitagawa, J.-W. Ko, K. Kodama, A. Kolesnikov, D. I. Kolev, V. Kolosov, M. Komatsu, A. Kono, N. Konovalova, S. Kormannshaus, I. Korol, I. Korol’ko, A. Korzenev, V. Kostyukhin, E. Koukovini Platia, S. Kovalenko, I. Krasilnikova, Y. Kudenko, E. Kurbatov, P. Kurbatov, V. Kurochka, E. Kuznetsova, H. M. Lacker, M. Lamont, G. Lanfranchi, O. Lantwin, A. Lauria, K. S. Lee, K. Y. Lee, N. Leonardo, J.-M. Lévy, V. P. Loschiavo, L. Lopes, E. Lopez Sola, V. Lyubovitskij, J. Maalmi, A.-M. Magnan, V. Maleev, A. Malinin, Y. Manabe, A. K. Managadze, M. Manfredi, S. Marsh, A. M. Marshall, A. Mefodev, P. Mermod, A. Miano, S. Mikado, Yu. Mikhaylov, D. A. Milstead, O. Mineev, A. Montanari, M. C. Montesi, K. Morishima, S. Movchan, Y. Muttoni, N. Naganawa, M. Nakamura, T. Nakano, S. Nasybulin, P. Ninin, A. Nishio, B. Obinyakov, S. Ogawa, N. Okateva, B. Opitz, J. Osborne, M. Ovchynnikov, N. Owtscharenko, P. H. Owen, P. Pacholek, A. Paoloni, B. D. Park, A. Pastore, M. Patel, D. Pereyma, A. Perillo-Marcone, G. L. Petkov, K. Petridis, A. Petrov, D. Podgrudkov, V. Poliakov, N. Polukhina, J. Prieto Prieto, M. Prokudin, A. Prota, A. Quercia, A. Rademakers, A. Rakai, F. Ratnikov, T. Rawlings, F. Redi, S. Ricciardi, M. Rinaldesi, Volodymyr Rodin, Viktor Rodin, P. Robbe, A. B. Rodrigues Cavalcante, T. Roganova, H. Rokujo, G. Rosa, T. Rovelli, O. Ruchayskiy, T. Ruf, V. Samoylenko, V. Samsonov, F. Sanchez Galan, P. Santos Diaz, A. Sanz Ull, A. Saputi, O. Sato, E. S. Savchenko, J. S. Schliwinski, W. Schmidt-Parzefall, N. Serra, S. Sgobba, O. Shadura, A. Shakin, M. Shaposhnikov, P. Shatalov, T. Shchedrina, L. Shchutska, V. Shevchenko, H. Shibuya, S. Shirobokov, A. Shustov, S. B. Silverstein, S. Simone, R. Simoniello, M. Skorokhvatov, S. Smirnov, G. Soares, J. Y. Sohn, A. Sokolenko, E. Solodko, N. Starkov, L. Stoel, M. E. Stramaglia, D. Sukhonos, Y. Suzuki, S. Takahashi, J. L. Tastet, P. Teterin, S. Than Naing, I. Timiryasov, V. Tioukov, D. Tommasini, M. Torii, N. Tosi, D. Treille, R. Tsenov, S. Ulin, E. Ursov, A. Ustyuzhanin, Z. Uteshev, L. Uvarov, G. Vankova-Kirilova, F. Vannucci, V. Venturi, I. Vidulin, S. Vilchinski, Heinz Vincke, Helmut Vincke, C. Visone, K. Vlasik, A. Volkov, R. Voronkov, S. van Waasen, R. Wanke, P. Wertelaers, O. Williams, J.-K. Woo, M. Wurm, S. Xella, D. Yilmaz, A. U. Yilmazer, C. S. Yoon, Yu. Zaytsev, A. Zelenov, and J. Zimmerman

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Dark photons are hypothetical massive vector particles that could mix with ordinary photons. The simplest theoretical model is fully characterised by only two parameters: the mass of the dark photon m $$_{\gamma ^{\mathrm {D}}}$$ γ D and its mixing parameter with the photon, $$\varepsilon $$ ε . The sensitivity of the SHiP detector is reviewed for dark photons in the mass range between 0.002 and 10 GeV. Different production mechanisms are simulated, with the dark photons decaying to pairs of visible fermions, including both leptons and quarks. Exclusion contours are presented and compared with those of past experiments. The SHiP detector is expected to have a unique sensitivity for m $$_{\gamma ^{\mathrm {D}}}$$ γ D ranging between 0.8 and 3.3 $$^{+0.2}_{-0.5}$$ - 0.5 + 0.2 GeV, and $$\varepsilon ^2$$ ε 2 ranging between $$10^{-11}$$ 10 - 11 and $$10^{-17}$$ 10 - 17 .

Published
2021
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4. Sensitivity of the SHiP experiment to light dark matter

Author

The SHiP collaboration, C. Ahdida, A. Akmete, R. Albanese, A. Alexandrov, A. Anokhina, S. Aoki, G. Arduini, E. Atkin, N. Azorskiy, J. J. Back, A. Bagulya, F. Baaltasar Dos Santos, A. Baranov, F. Bardou, G. J. Barker, M. Battistin, J. Bauche, A. Bay, V. Bayliss, G. Bencivenni, A. Y. Berdnikov, Y. A. Berdnikov, M. Bertani, C. Betancourt, I. Bezshyiko, O. Bezshyyko, D. Bick, S. Bieschke, A. Blanco, J. Boehm, M. Bogomilov, I. Boiarska, K. Bondarenko, W. M. Bonivento, J. Borburgh, A. Boyarsky, R. Brenner, D. Breton, V. Büscher, A. Buonaura, L. Buonocore, S. Buontempo, S. Cadeddu, A. Calcaterra, M. Calviani, M. Campanelli, M. Casolino, N. Charitonidis, P. Chau, J. Chauveau, A. Chepurnov, M. Chernyavskiy, K.-Y. Choi, A. Chumakov, P. Ciambrone, V. Cicero, L. Congedo, K. Cornelis, M. Cristinziani, A. Crupano, G. M. Dallavalle, A. Datwyler, N. D’Ambrosio, G. D’Appollonio, R. de Asmundis, J. De Carvalho Saraiva, G. De Lellis, M. de Magistris, A. De Roeck, M. De Serio, D. De Simone, L. Dedenko, P. Dergachev, A. Di Crescenzo, L. Di Giulio, N. Di Marco, C. Dib, H. Dijkstra, V. Dmitrenko, L. A. Dougherty, A. Dolmatov, D. Domenici, S. Donskov, V. Drohan, A. Dubreuil, O. Durhan, M. Ehlert, E. Elikkaya, T. Enik, A. Etenko, F. Fabbri, O. Fedin, F. Fedotovs, G. Felici, M. Ferrillo, M. Ferro-Luzzi, K. Filippov, R. A. Fini, P. Fonte, C. Franco, M. Fraser, R. Fresa, R. Froeschl, C. Frugiuele, T. Fukuda, G. Galati, J. Gall, L. Gatignon, G. Gavrilov, V. Gentile, B. Goddard, L. Golinka-Bezshyyko, A. Golovatiuk, V. Golovtsov, D. Golubkov, A. Golutvin, P. Gorbounov, D. Gorbunov, S. Gorbunov, V. Gorkavenko, M. Gorshenkov, V. Grachev, A. L. Grandchamp, E. Graverini, J.-L. Grenard, D. Grenier, V. Grichine, N. Gruzinskii, A. M. Guler, Yu. Guz, G. J. Haefeli, C. Hagner, H. Hakobyan, I. W. Harris, E. van Herwijnen, C. Hessler, A. Hollnagel, B. Hosseini, M. Hushchyn, G. Iaselli, A. Iuliano, R. Jacobsson, D. Joković, M. Jonker, I. Kadenko, V. Kain, B. Kaiser, C. Kamiscioglu, D. Karpenkov, K. Kershaw, M. Khabibullin, E. Khalikov, G. Khaustov, G. Khoriauli, A. Khotyantsev, Y. G. Kim, V. Kim, N. Kitagawa, J.-W. Ko, K. Kodama, A. Kolesnikov, D. I. Kolev, V. Kolosov, M. Komatsu, A. Kono, N. Konovalova, S. Kormannshaus, I. Korol, I. Korol’ko, A. Korzenev, V. Kostyukhin, E. Koukovini Platia, S. Kovalenko, I. Krasilnikova, Y. Kudenko, E. Kurbatov, P. Kurbatov, V. Kurochka, E. Kuznetsova, H. M. Lacker, M. Lamont, G. Lanfranchi, O. Lantwin, A. Lauria, K. S. Lee, K. Y. Lee, J.-M. Lévy, V. P. Loschiavo, L. Lopes, E. Lopez Sola, V. Lyubovitskij, J. Maalmi, A. Magnan, V. Maleev, A. Malinin, F. Maltoni, Y. Manabe, A. K. Managadze, M. Manfredi, S. Marsh, A. M. Marshall, O. Mattelaer, A. Mefodev, P. Mermod, A. Miano, S. Mikado, Yu. Mikhaylov, D. A. Milstead, O. Mineev, A. Montanari, M. C. Montesi, K. Morishima, S. Movchan, Y. Muttoni, N. Naganawa, M. Nakamura, T. Nakano, S. Nasybulin, P. Ninin, A. Nishio, A. Novikov, B. Obinyakov, S. Ogawa, N. Okateva, B. Opitz, J. Osborne, M. Ovchynnikov, N. Owtscharenko, P. H. Owen, P. Pacholek, A. Paoloni, B. D. Park, A. Pastore, M. Patel, D. Pereyma, A. Perillo-Marcone, G. L. Petkov, K. Petridis, A. Petrov, D. Podgrudkov, V. Poliakov, N. Polukhina, J. Prieto Prieto, M. Prokudin, A. Prota, A. Quercia, A. Rademakers, A. Rakai, F. Ratnikov, T. Rawlings, F. Redi, S. Ricciardi, M. Rinaldesi, Volodymyr Rodin, Viktor Rodin, P. Robbe, A. B. Rodrigues Cavalcante, T. Roganova, H. Rokujo, G. Rosa, T. Rovelli, O. Ruchayskiy, T. Ruf, V. Samoylenko, V. Samsonov, F. Sanchez Galan, P. Santos Diaz, A. Sanz Ull, A. Saputi, O. Sato, E. S. Savchenko, J. S. Schliwinski, W. Schmidt-Parzefall, N. Serra, S. Sgobba, O. Shadura, A. Shakin, M. Shaposhnikov, P. Shatalov, T. Shchedrina, L. Shchutska, V. Shevchenko, H. Shibuya, S. Shirobokov, A. Shustov, S. B. Silverstein, S. Simone, R. Simoniello, M. Skorokhvatov, S. Smirnov, J. Y. Sohn, A. Sokolenko, E. Solodko, N. Starkov, L. Stoel, M. E. Stramaglia, D. Sukhonos, Y. Suzuki, S. Takahashi, J. L. Tastet, P. Teterin, S. Than Naing, I. Timiryasov, V. Tioukov, D. Tommasini, M. Torii, N. Tosi, F. Tramontano, D. Treille, R. Tsenov, S. Ulin, E. Ursov, A. Ustyuzhanin, Z. Uteshev, L. Uvarov, G. Vankova-Kirilova, F. Vannucci, V. Venturi, S. Vilchinski, Heinz Vincke, Helmut Vincke, C. Visone, K. Vlasik, A. Volkov, R. Voronkov, S. van Waasen, R. Wanke, P. Wertelaers, O. Williams, J.-K. Woo, M. Wurm, S. Xella, D. Yilmaz, A. U. Yilmazer, C. S. Yoon, Yu. Zaytsev, A. Zelenov, and J. Zimmerman

Subjects
Beyond Standard Model, Dark matter, Fixed target experiments, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Dark matter is a well-established theoretical addition to the Standard Model supported by many observations in modern astrophysics and cosmology. In this context, the existence of weakly interacting massive particles represents an appealing solution to the observed thermal relic in the Universe. Indeed, a large experimental campaign is ongoing for the detection of such particles in the sub-GeV mass range. Adopting the benchmark scenario for light dark matter particles produced in the decay of a dark photon, with α D = 0.1 and m A′ = 3m χ , we study the potential of the SHiP experiment to detect such elusive particles through its Scattering and Neutrino detector (SND). In its 5-years run, corresponding to 2 · 1020 protons on target from the CERN SPS, we find that SHiP will improve the current limits in the mass range for the dark matter from about 1 MeV to 300 MeV. In particular, we show that SHiP will probe the thermal target for Majorana candidates in most of this mass window and even reach the Pseudo-Dirac thermal relic.

Published
2021
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5. Measurement of the muon flux from 400 GeV/c protons interacting in a thick molybdenum/tungsten target

Author

C. Ahdida, A. Akmete, R. Albanese, A. Alexandrov, A. Anokhina, S. Aoki, G. Arduini, E. Atkin, N. Azorskiy, J. J. Back, A. Bagulya, F. Baaltasar Dos Santos, A. Baranov, F. Bardou, G. J. Barker, M. Battistin, J. Bauche, A. Bay, V. Bayliss, G. Bencivenni, A. Y. Berdnikov, Y. A. Berdnikov, M. Bertani, C. Betancourt, I. Bezshyiko, O. Bezshyyko, D. Bick, S. Bieschke, A. Blanco, J. Boehm, M. Bogomilov, I. Boiarska, K. Bondarenko, W. M. Bonivento, J. Borburgh, A. Boyarsky, R. Brenner, D. Breton, V. Büscher, A. Buonaura, S. Buontempo, S. Cadeddu, A. Calcaterra, M. Calviani, M. Campanelli, M. Casolino, N. Charitonidis, P. Chau, J. Chauveau, A. Chepurnov, M. Chernyavskiy, K.-Y. Choi, A. Chumakov, P. Ciambrone, V. Cicero, L. Congedo, K. Cornelis, M. Cristinziani, A. Crupano, G. M. Dallavalle, A. Datwyler, N. D’Ambrosio, G. D’Appollonio, R. de Asmundis, J. De Carvalho Saraiva, G. De Lellis, M. de Magistris, A. De Roeck, M. De Serio, D. De Simone, L. Dedenko, P. Dergachev, A. Di Crescenzo, L. Di Giulio, N. Di Marco, C. Dib, H. Dijkstra, V. Dmitrenko, S. Dmitrievskiy, L. A. Dougherty, A. Dolmatov, D. Domenici, S. Donskov, V. Drohan, A. Dubreuil, O. Durhan, M. Ehlert, E. Elikkaya, T. Enik, A. Etenko, F. Fabbri, O. Fedin, F. Fedotovs, G. Felici, M. Ferrillo, M. Ferro-Luzzi, K. Filippov, R. A. Fini, P. Fonte, C. Franco, M. Fraser, R. Fresa, R. Froeschl, T. Fukuda, G. Galati, J. Gall, L. Gatignon, G. Gavrilov, V. Gentile, B. Goddard, L. Golinka-Bezshyyko, A. Golovatiuk, D. Golubkov, A. Golutvin, P. Gorbounov, D. Gorbunov, S. Gorbunov, V. Gorkavenko, M. Gorshenkov, V. Grachev, A. L. Grandchamp, E. Graverini, J.-L. Grenard, D. Grenier, V. Grichine, N. Gruzinskii, A. M. Guler, Yu. Guz, G. J. Haefeli, C. Hagner, H. Hakobyan, I. W. Harris, E. van Herwijnen, C. Hessler, A. Hollnagel, B. Hosseini, M. Hushchyn, G. Iaselli, A. Iuliano, R. Jacobsson, D. Joković, M. Jonker, I. Kadenko, V. Kain, B. Kaiser, C. Kamiscioglu, D. Karpenkov, K. Kershaw, M. Khabibullin, E. Khalikov, G. Khaustov, G. Khoriauli, A. Khotyantsev, Y. G. Kim, V. Kim, N. Kitagawa, J.-W. Ko, K. Kodama, A. Kolesnikov, D. I. Kolev, V. Kolosov, M. Komatsu, A. Kono, N. Konovalova, S. Kormannshaus, I. Korol, I. Korol’ko, A. Korzenev, V. Kostyukhin, E. Koukovini Platia, S. Kovalenko, I. Krasilnikova, Y. Kudenko, E. Kurbatov, P. Kurbatov, V. Kurochka, E. Kuznetsova, H. M. Lacker, M. Lamont, G. Lanfranchi, O. Lantwin, A. Lauria, K. S. Lee, K. Y. Lee, J.-M. Lévy, V. P. Loschiavo, L. Lopes, E. Lopez Sola, V. Lyubovitskij, J. Maalmi, A. Magnan, V. Maleev, A. Malinin, Y. Manabe, A. K. Managadze, M. Manfredi, S. Marsh, A. M. Marshall, A. Mefodev, P. Mermod, A. Miano, S. Mikado, Yu. Mikhaylov, D. A. Milstead, O. Mineev, A. Montanari, M. C. Montesi, K. Morishima, S. Movchan, Y. Muttoni, N. Naganawa, M. Nakamura, T. Nakano, S. Nasybulin, P. Ninin, A. Nishio, A. Novikov, B. Obinyakov, S. Ogawa, N. Okateva, B. Opitz, J. Osborne, M. Ovchynnikov, N. Owtscharenko, P. H. Owen, P. Pacholek, A. Paoloni, B. D. Park, A. Pastore, M. Patel, D. Pereyma, A. Perillo-Marcone, G. L. Petkov, K. Petridis, A. Petrov, D. Podgrudkov, V. Poliakov, N. Polukhina, J. Prieto Prieto, M. Prokudin, A. Prota, A. Quercia, A. Rademakers, A. Rakai, F. Ratnikov, T. Rawlings, F. Redi, S. Ricciardi, M. Rinaldesi, Volodymyr Rodin, Viktor Rodin, P. Robbe, A. B. Rodrigues Cavalcante, T. Roganova, H. Rokujo, G. Rosa, T. Rovelli, O. Ruchayskiy, T. Ruf, V. Samoylenko, V. Samsonov, F. Sanchez Galan, P. Santos Diaz, A. Sanz Ull, A. Saputi, O. Sato, E. S. Savchenko, J. S. Schliwinski, W. Schmidt-Parzefall, N. Serra, S. Sgobba, O. Shadura, A. Shakin, M. Shaposhnikov, P. Shatalov, T. Shchedrina, L. Shchutska, V. Shevchenko, H. Shibuya, L. Shihora, S. Shirobokov, A. Shustov, S. B. Silverstein, S. Simone, R. Simoniello, M. Skorokhvatov, S. Smirnov, J. Y. Sohn, A. Sokolenko, E. Solodko, N. Starkov, L. Stoel, M. E. Stramaglia, D. Sukhonos, Y. Suzuki, S. Takahashi, J. L. Tastet, P. Teterin, S. Than Naing, I. Timiryasov, V. Tioukov, D. Tommasini, M. Torii, N. Tosi, D. Treille, R. Tsenov, S. Ulin, E. Ursov, A. Ustyuzhanin, Z. Uteshev, G. Vankova-Kirilova, F. Vannucci, V. Venturi, S. Vilchinski, Heinz Vincke, Helmut Vincke, C. Visone, K. Vlasik, A. Volkov, R. Voronkov, S. van Waasen, R. Wanke, P. Wertelaers, O. Williams, J.-K. Woo, M. Wurm, S. Xella, D. Yilmaz, A. U. Yilmazer, C. S. Yoon, Yu. Zaytsev, and J. Zimmerman

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The SHiP experiment is proposed to search for very weakly interacting particles beyond the Standard Model which are produced in a 400 GeV/c proton beam dump at the CERN SPS. About $$10^{11}$$ 1011 muons per spill will be produced in the dump. To design the experiment such that the muon-induced background is minimized, a precise knowledge of the muon spectrum is required. To validate the muon flux generated by our Pythia and GEANT4 based Monte Carlo simulation (FairShip), we have measured the muon flux emanating from a SHiP-like target at the SPS. This target, consisting of 13 interaction lengths of slabs of molybdenum and tungsten, followed by a 2.4 m iron hadron absorber was placed in the H4 400 GeV/c proton beam line. To identify muons and to measure the momentum spectrum, a spectrometer instrumented with drift tubes and a muon tagger were used. During a 3-week period a dataset for analysis corresponding to $$(3.27\pm 0.07)~\times ~10^{11}$$ (3.27±0.07)×1011 protons on target was recorded. This amounts to approximatively 1% of a SHiP spill.

Published
2020
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6. Sensitivity of the SHiP experiment to Heavy Neutral Leptons

Author

The SHiP collaboration, C. Ahdida, R. Albanese, A. Alexandrov, A. Anokhina, S. Aoki, G. Arduini, E. Atkin, N. Azorskiy, F. Baaltasar Dos Santos, J. J. Back, A. Bagulya, A. Baranov, F. Bardou, G. J. Barker, M. Battistin, J. Bauche, A. Bay, V. Bayliss, G. Bencivenni, Y. A. Berdnikov, A. Y. Berdnikov, I. Berezkina, M. Bertani, C. Betancourt, I. Bezshyiko, O. Bezshyyko, D. Bick, S. Bieschke, A. Blanco, J. Boehm, M. Bogomilov, K. Bondarenko, W. M. Bonivento, J. Borburgh, A. Boyarsky, R. Brenner, D. Breton, R. Brundler, M. Bruschi, V. Büscher, A. Buonaura, S. Buontempo, S. Cadeddu, A. Calcaterra, M. Calviani, M. Campanelli, M. Casolino, N. Charitonidis, P. Chau, J. Chauveau, A. Chepurnov, M. Chernyavskiy, K.-Y. Choi, A. Chumakov, P. Ciambrone, K. Cornelis, M. Cristinziani, A. Crupano, G. M. Dallavalle, A. Datwyler, N. D’Ambrosio, G. D’Appollonio, L. Dedenko, P. Dergachev, J. De Carvalho Saraiva, G. De Lellis, M. de Magistris, A. De Roeck, M. De Serio, D. De Simone, C. Dib, H. Dijkstra, P. Dipinto, A. Di Crescenzo, N. Di Marco, V. Dmitrenko, S. Dmitrievskiy, A. Dolmatov, D. Domenici, S. Donskov, L. A. Dougherty, V. Drohan, A. Dubreuil, J. Ebert, T. Enik, A. Etenko, F. Fabbri, L. Fabbri, A. Fabich, O. Fedin, F. Fedotovs, M. Ferro-Luzzi, G. Felici, K. Filippov, R. A. Fini, P. Fonte, C. Franco, M. Fraser, R. Fresa, R. Froeschl, T. Fukuda, G. Galati, J. Gall, L. Gatignon, G. Gavrilov, V. Gentile, B. Goddard, L. Golinka-Bezshyyko, A. Golovatiuk, D. Golubkov, A. Golutvin, P. Gorbounov, S. Gorbunov, D. Gorbunov, V. Gorkavenko, Y. Gornushkin, M. Gorshenkov, V. Grachev, A. L. Grandchamp, G. Granich, E. Graverini, J.-L. Grenard, D. Grenier, V. Grichine, N. Gruzinskii, Yu. Guz, G. J. Haefeli, C. Hagner, H. Hakobyan, I. W. Harris, C. Hessler, A. Hollnagel, B. Hosseini, M. Hushchyn, G. Iaselli, A. Iuliano, V. Ivantchenko, R. Jacobsson, D. Joković, M. Jonker, I. Kadenko, V. Kain, C. Kamiscioglu, K. Kershaw, M. Khabibullin, E. Khalikov, G. Khaustov, G. Khoriauli, A. Khotyantsev, Y. G. Kim, V. Kim, S. H. Kim, N. Kitagawa, J.-W. Ko, K. Kodama, A. Kolesnikov, D. I. Kolev, V. Kolosov, M. Komatsu, N. Kondrateva, A. Kono, N. Konovalova, S. Kormannshaus, I. Korol, I. Korol’ko, A. Korzenev, V. Kostyukhin, E. Koukovini Platia, S. Kovalenko, I. Krasilnikova, Y. Kudenko, E. Kurbatov, P. Kurbatov, V. Kurochka, E. Kuznetsova, H. M. Lacker, M. Lamont, G. Lanfranchi, O. Lantwin, A. Lauria, K. S. Lee, K. Y. Lee, J.-M. Lévy, L. Lopes, E. Lopez Sola, V. P. Loschiavo, V. Lyubovitskij, A. M. Guler, J. Maalmi, A. Magnan, V. Maleev, A. Malinin, Y. Manabe, A. K. Managadze, M. Manfredi, S. Marsh, A. M. Marshall, A. Mefodev, P. Mermod, A. Miano, S. Mikado, Yu. Mikhaylov, D. A. Milstead, O. Mineev, A. Montanari, M. C. Montesi, K. Morishima, S. Movchan, Y. Muttoni, N. Naganawa, M. Nakamura, T. Nakano, S. Nasybulin, P. Ninin, A. Nishio, A. Novikov, B. Obinyakov, S. Ogawa, N. Okateva, B. Opitz, J. Osborne, M. Ovchynnikov, P. H. Owen, N. Owtscharenko, P. Pacholek, A. Paoloni, R. Paparella, B. D. Park, S. K. Park, A. Pastore, M. Patel, D. Pereyma, A. Perillo-Marcone, G. L. Petkov, K. Petridis, A. Petrov, D. Podgrudkov, V. Poliakov, N. Polukhina, J. Prieto Prieto, M. Prokudin, A. Prota, A. Quercia, A. Rademakers, A. Rakai, F. Ratnikov, T. Rawlings, F. Redi, S. Ricciardi, M. Rinaldesi, P. Robbe, Viktor Rodin, Volodymyr Rodin, A. B. Rodrigues Cavalcante, T. Roganova, H. Rokujo, G. Rosa, T. Rovelli, O. Ruchayskiy, T. Ruf, V. Samoylenko, V. Samsonov, F. Sanchez Galan, P. Santos Diaz, A. Sanz Ull, A. Saputi, O. Sato, E. S. Savchenko, W. Schmidt-Parzefall, N. Serra, S. Sgobba, O. Shadura, A. Shakin, M. Shaposhnikov, P. Shatalov, T. Shchedrina, L. Shchutska, V. Shevchenko, H. Shibuya, S. Shirobokov, A. Shustov, S. B. Silverstein, S. Simone, R. Simoniello, M. Skorokhvatov, S. Smirnov, J. Y. Sohn, A. Sokolenko, E. Solodko, N. Starkov, L. Stoel, B. Storaci, M. E. Stramaglia, D. Sukhonos, Y. Suzuki, S. Takahashi, J. L. Tastet, P. Teterin, S. Than Naing, I. Timiryasov, V. Tioukov, D. Tommasini, M. Torii, N. Tosi, D. Treille, R. Tsenov, S. Ulin, A. Ustyuzhanin, Z. Uteshev, G. Vankova-Kirilova, F. Vannucci, E. van Herwijnen, S. van Waasen, P. Venkova, V. Venturi, S. Vilchinski, M. Villa, Heinz Vincke, Helmut Vincke, C. Visone, K. Vlasik, A. Volkov, R. Voronkov, R. Wanke, P. Wertelaers, J.-K. Woo, M. Wurm, S. Xella, D. Yilmaz, A. U. Yilmazer, C. S. Yoon, P. Zarubin, I. Zarubina, and Yu. Zaytsev

Subjects
Beyond Standard Model, Fixed target experiments, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Heavy Neutral Leptons (HNLs) are hypothetical particles predicted by many extensions of the Standard Model. These particles can, among other things, explain the origin of neutrino masses, generate the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe and provide a dark matter candidate. The SHiP experiment will be able to search for HNLs produced in decays of heavy mesons and travelling distances ranging between O $$ \mathcal{O} $$ (50 m) and tens of kilometers before decaying. We present the sensitivity of the SHiP experiment to a number of HNL’s benchmark models and provide a way to calculate the SHiP’s sensitivity to HNLs for arbitrary patterns of flavour mixings. The corresponding tools and data files are also made publicly available.

Published
2019
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7. Synthesis of BaTiO3-TiO2-Graphene Nanocomposites and Kinetics Studies on their Photocatalytic Activity

Author

J. Li, J. W. Ko, and W. B. Ko

Subjects
Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

BaTiO3-TiO2 nanoparticles were fabricated by a wet-chemical method using barium chloride dihydrate (BaCl2·2H2O), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and oxalic acid (C2H2O4) as precursors. BaTiO3-TiO2-graphene nanocomposites were obtained by heating the BaTiO3-TiO2 nanoparticles with graphene in an electric furnace at 700 °C for 2 h. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the resulting products were BaTiO3-TiO2-graphene nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the morphology of the nanocomposites. UV-vis spectrophotometry was used to analyze the photocatalytic degradation of several organic dyes using the BaTiO3-TiO2-graphene nanocomposites as a photocatalyst under ultraviolet irradiation at 254 nm.

Published
2015
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