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El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar un estudio bibliométrico mundial de los documentos indexados en Scopus que abarcan el periodo entre el 2003 y 2023 centrado en las competencias digitales y el desempeño docente en instituciones educativas públicas. Se fundamentó en un análisis bibliométrico descriptivo y cuantitativo, utilizando palabras clave en inglés en la búsqueda como digital competence, teaching performance, para obtener indicadores de producción científica como el año de publicación, entre otras, país, fuente, institución de filiación, tipo, autor y área temática. De los 179 documentos seleccionados se observó un aumento del número de trabajos académicos publicados entre 2018-2023 para un total de 119 documentos (66%). La mayoría de estos trabajos (93%) fueron artículos científicos y el 38% desarrollados en el área de ciencias sociales, siendo España (20.5%) el país con mayor producción científica. Se concluye que la literatura sobre competencias digitales y desempeño docente en instituciones educativas públicas ha aumentado en producción, autoría y variación temática en respuesta a las demandas y objetivos, con la ayuda de los medios digitales lo que permite una respuesta más inmediata, tanto a las necesidades conceptuales como a la promoción de nuevas aplicaciones creativas de la tecnología.

Mytilinidioid fungi are conchiform in nature, with the appearance of bivalve shells or wedge-shaped, rigid, brittle, and carbonaceous hysterothecia growing on the bark of gymnosperms or angiosperms. Based on their morphological characteristics and molecular markers (ITS and LSU), this study describes three new species of mytilinidioid fungi: Ericboehmia mexicana of the family Hysteriaceae of the order Hysteriales and Lophium pinicola and Mytilinidion mexicanum of the family Mytilinidiaceae of the order Mytilinidiales. The first species grows on Liquidambar styracyphlua, the second species grows on Pinus patula, and the third species grows on Acacia californica subsp. pringlei. The specimens studied were deposited in the ENCB Herbarium.

El presente trabajo revisa encuentros y tensiones entre la moda y el feminismo a partir de las percepciones de mujeres protagonistas de ambos sectores sociales. Se basa en un estudio descriptivo en el que se entrevistaron a 16 mujeres, divididas en dos grupos: primero, pertenecientes a colectivos feministas; segundo, involucradas en la industria de la moda. El análisis de sus testimonios muestra que la configuración de imaginarios y estereotipos asociados a la moda y al feminismo se deriva de la creciente ambivalencia entre lo público y lo privado, ámbitos cuyas fronteras son cada vez más tenues. Las conclusiones evidencian que el vestirse emerge como un acto político que entra de diversas maneras en las agendas de la moda y los movimientos feministas.

Schizophrenia is a common debilitating disorder characterized by significant impairments in how reality is perceived, combined with behavioural changes. In this review, we describe the lurasidone development programme for adult and paediatric patients. Both the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of lurasidone are revisited. In addition, pivotal clinical studies conducted on both adults and children are summarized. Several clinical cases, which demonstrate the role of lurasidone in real-world practice, are also presented. Current clinical guidelines recommend lurasidone as the first-line treatment in the acute and long-term management of schizophrenia in both adult and paediatric populations.

Tobacco use poses major health risks and is a major contributor to causes of death worldwide. Mobile phone-based cessation apps for this substance are gaining popularity, often used as a component of traditional interventions. This study aimed to analyze adherence to an intervention using a mobile phone application (App-therapy Prescinde (v1)) as a function of sociodemographic variables (age, gender, educational level, and profession) as well as the primary activities supported by the app (reducing tobacco or cannabis use and increasing physical exercise). The participants were recruited through the web pages of the Occupational Risk Prevention Service and the Psychology Clinic of the University of Granada during the COVID-19 confinement period. The application’s contents include three components (self-report, motivational phrases, and goal setting). Our findings indicate that being male, being aged between 26 and 62, having a high school education, and being unemployed increase the likelihood of adherence to the Prescinde therapy app three months after usage. Our findings highlight the importance of developing new therapeutic approaches and conducting in-depth studies on the factors associated with adherence to tobacco cessation and cannabis cessation treatments via mobile phone applications.

Abstract Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic and often progressive disorder with a heterogeneous presentation and frequent systemic manifestations. Several aspects like persistence in smoking habit, continuous exacerbations, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and inflammatory-immune response, are involved in the pathophysiology and progression of the disease. However, the role of natural killer (NK) cells remains controversial. Otherwise, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection has been reported to induce an adaptive differentiation and expansion of an NK cell subset which carries the CD94/NKG2C receptor, which may contribute to an upset immune defense. For these reasons, our objective is to assess the distribution of NK cells and their subset in COPD patients and some of its phenotypes. Methods Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 66 COPD patients. HCMV serology and the proportions of total NK cells and the NKG2C+ and NKG2A+ subsets were evaluated by flow cytometry. The NKG2C genotype was also assessed. Results Eighty-eight per cent of COPD patients were HCMV(+), and the proportions of total NK cells were higher in patients with severe-very severe airway obstruction than in those with only mild-moderate involvement. There were no differences in the proportions of NKG2C+ cells between controls and COPD, either among COPD patients classified by severity of the disease. However, the percentage of NKG2C+ cells were higher in COPD patients with frequent exacerbations than in occasional exacerbators, and higher in cases with reduced lean mass (Fat free mass index) than in those with normal nutritional status. Conclusion These results suggest a relationship between levels of NKG2C+ cells in COPD patients and clinical variables closely linked to a poor/worse prognosis.

Introduction. Autoimmune encephalitis is caused by antineuronal immune mechanisms. Its clinical presentation is heterogeneous and in many cases onset with psychiatric symptoms. Paraclinical criteria guide the approach; however, the challenge occurs when there are no detectable autoantibodies in serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Methodology. We report one case that highlights the variability of clinical manifestations, which in the absence of antibodies was treated with immunotherapy with good response. Conclusion. In places where there is no antibody measurement, or when its measurement is negative, the clinical suspicion supported by CSF studies, magnetic resonance imaging, and electroencephalographic recording, should guide us to start immunotherapeutic treatment early. The early initiation of treatment ensures the reversibility of the neurological disorder in the vast majority of patients.

The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of anxiety and psychological well-being of couples in the transition to parenthood. A sample of 256 participants was divided into five groups: 54 "not seeking pregnancy", two groups seeking pregnancy, 50 "infertile that did not get pregnant" and 50 "infertile that achieves pregnancy", 50 "natural pregnancy", and 52 "fertile with children". State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Psychological Well-being in Couple Scale (EBP in Spanish) were used. The "infertile group that achieves pregnancy" gets the highest state-anxiety levels, even though regarding the anxiety-trait the group that is "not seeking pregnancy" shows the highest levels. Regarding psychological wellbeing in couples, the "natural pregnancy" group shows the lowest scores. These results demonstrate the possible functional role that anxiety-state in non-clinical levels can play in getting pregnant and confirm that psychological well-being in couple's relationship decreases only during pregnancy.

Mobile phone addiction has attracted much attention recently and is showing similarity to other substance use disorders. Because no studies on mobile phone addiction had yet been conducted in Spain, we developed and validated a questionnaire (Cuestionario de Abuso del Teléfono Móvil, ATeMo) to measure mobile phone abuse among young adults in Spanish. The ATeMo questionnaire was designed based on relevant DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and included craving as a diagnostic symptom. Using stratified sampling, the ATeMo questionnaire was administered to 856 students (mean age 21, 62% women). The MULTICAGE questionnaire was administered to assess history of drug abuse and addiction. Using confirmatory factor analysis, we found evidence for the construct validity of the following factors: Craving, Loss of Control, Negative Life Consequences, and Withdrawal Syndrome, and their association with a second order factor related to mobile phone abuse. The four ATeMO factors were also associated with alcoholism, internet use, and compulsive buying. Important gender differences were found that should be considered when studying mobile phone addictions. The ATeMo is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used in further research on mobile phone abuse.

El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la triple relación entre la cronicidad de trastornos del estado de ánimo, actitudes cognitivas disfuncionales y comorbilidad con alteraciones de personalidad. Se esperaría que a mayor cronicidad se presentase mayor comorbilidad y mayores puntuaciones en actitudes disfuncionales. Participaron 37 pacientes ambulatorios diagnosticados con trastornos depresivos asignados a dos grupos en función de la cronicidad de su depresión. Se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos: Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon (MCMI-II) (1999), Cuestionario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo de Spielberger (STAI) (1982), Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI) (1961) y Escala de Actitudes Disfuncionales de Weissman y Beck (DAS) (1978). De acuerdo con las hipótesis, no hubo diferencias entre los grupos en la Escala de Actitudes Disfuncionales y se encontró una alta comorbilidad entre trastornos de personalidad y depresivos. Sin embargo, aunque la tendencia fue en la línea de lo esperado, no encontramos diferencias significativas entre grupos en la triple relación. Se cuestiona el alto grado de cronificación con que los pacientes son derivados a los Servicios Especializados de Salud Mental.

We have known for decades that social support is associated with positive health outcomes. And yet, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood. The link between social support and positive health outcomes is likely to depend on the neurophysiological regulatory mechanisms underlying reward and defensive reactions. The present study examines the hypothesis that emotional social support (love) provides safety cues that activate the appetitive reward system and simultaneously inhibit defense reactions. Using the startle probe paradigm, 54 undergraduate students (24 men) viewed black and white photographs of loved (romantic partner, father, mother, and best friend), neutral (unknown), and unpleasant (mutilated) faces. Eye-blink startle, zygomatic major activity, heart rate, and skin conductance responses to the faces, together with subjective ratings of valence, arousal, and dominance, were obtained. Viewing loved faces induced a marked inhibition of the eye-blink startle response accompanied by a pattern of zygomatic, heart rate, skin conductance, and subjective changes indicative of an intense positive emotional response. Effects were similar for men and women, but the startle inhibition and the zygomatic response were larger in female participants. A comparison between the faces of the romantic partner and the parent who shares the partner's gender further suggests that this effect is not attributable to familiarity or arousal. We conclude that this inhibitory capacity may contribute to the health benefits associated with social support.

A three-dimensional numerical model was adapted to study the circulation, stratification and mixing patterns inside the port of El Sauzal. Salinity, temperature and density field data were measured, showing that density variations were mainly due to the temperature field with a very small contribution from salinity. The model simulated surface currents and the temperature field. The simulation was compared against field data showing that the model reproduces satisfactorily the circulation, stratification and mixing patterns. Surface circulation and vertical mixing were mainly forced by the tide, although winds greater than 6 m s–1 became the main forcing of vertical mixing and surface circulation. The surface currents traveled outside the port during ebb tide and vice versa during flood tide; however, with winds greater than 6 m s–1, the surface velocity followed the wind direction. When a discharge of 0.2 m3 s–1 was introduced into the system, the simulation showed an increase of 0.5 cm s–1 in the surface current velocity, during ebb tide. The vertical temperature structure increased as much as the discharge temperature (17.2ºC). This result verifies that a controlled discharge could improve circulation and mixing, reducing the residence time and improving the levels of oxygen in the water.

In the last two decades, the Angangueo mountain range, the Monarch butterfly´s overwintering habitat in Mexico has become an area of utmost importance for biodiversity conservation at both national and international levels. Nevertheless, there is a lack of recent land-use and land-cover cartography, at medium or detailed scales, essential for natural resources planning and management. Therefore, this work attempts to make a contribution to cartography in the region of study, identifying at the same time areas where plant caver has been modified and trends in this respect. For the period of analysis, the deforestation rate has been 0.2% lower than the national and regional averages. This is due to the fact that, although there have been considerable damages and cover loss In some woodland areas, in others forests are undergoing a recovery process. An expansion of and devoted to irrigation agriculture has also been observed, which includes large areas of fruit orchards. The generated cartography allows to determine the location of each of these changes, facilitating to concentrate conservation efforts where they are most needed.

The cornrnunitary intervention in drug El abordaje comunitario de la dro gadicción addiction requires an endowrnent of diversitied requiere una dotación de recursos diversificados resources in order te compel activities through a que obliguen a trabajar en red igualmente ales cen networl< anó also lo centers, services, prograrns, tres, servicios, programas, profesionales, les propies usuarios de drogas y población. Este modo de with professionals and with drug consumers as well trabajo propone abordar el conjunto de los proble- as people in general. This working method means mas (sociales y sanitarios) relacionados con las dro- te deal with alí the preblems connected vvith drug gas, donde el centro de la intervención es despla- (social anó sanitary). zado del profesional hacia el mismo tejido social, The basic purpose of this interventien is the El propósito básico de esta intervención es integration of people entrusted v'ith a knowledge in la ciudadanía de los «actores sociales» investidos the different fields of experiences: It could be the a partir del reconocimiento de sus diferentes cam- experiences of professionals or people. pos de experiencia: bien sea la de los profesiona- The incitement cornmunity is developed les, la de les habitantes, o la de los usuarios. La transversally of Ihe avoiding hierarchy in an ¡nnoanimación comunitaria se hace de forma transver- vating way and always in contact with the local prosal, nojerarquizada, innovadora, y siempre ligada cess lo vvhich the action takes place. al proceso local en el cual se establece la acción. In this article, tve tullí ti',' to synthesise the Trataremos en este texto de sintetizar los erigin, theories and practical perspectives of the orígenes teórico prácticos de la intervención comu- community actions in the fleld of drug addictien, nitaria en el campo de las dregodependencias y establishing its principal cha racterisócs. establecer sus características princ,~ales.

The cornrnunitary intervention in drug El abordaje comunitario de la dro gadicción addiction requires an endowrnent of diversitied requiere una dotación de recursos diversificados resources in order te compel activities through a que obliguen a trabajar en red igualmente ales cen networl< anó also lo centers, services, prograrns, tres, servicios, programas, profesionales, les propies usuarios de drogas y población. Este modo de with professionals and with drug consumers as well trabajo propone abordar el conjunto de los proble- as people in general. This working method means mas (sociales y sanitarios) relacionados con las dro- te deal with alí the preblems connected vvith drug gas, donde el centro de la intervención es despla- (social anó sanitary). zado del profesional hacia el mismo tejido social, The basic purpose of this interventien is the El propósito básico de esta intervención es integration of people entrusted v'ith a knowledge in la ciudadanía de los «actores sociales» investidos the different fields of experiences: It could be the a partir del reconocimiento de sus diferentes cam- experiences of professionals or people. pos de experiencia: bien sea la de los profesiona- The incitement cornmunity is developed les, la de les habitantes, o la de los usuarios. La transversally of Ihe avoiding hierarchy in an ¡nnoanimación comunitaria se hace de forma transver- vating way and always in contact with the local prosal, nojerarquizada, innovadora, y siempre ligada cess lo vvhich the action takes place. al proceso local en el cual se establece la acción. In this article, tve tullí ti',' to synthesise the Trataremos en este texto de sintetizar los erigin, theories and practical perspectives of the orígenes teórico prácticos de la intervención comu- community actions in the fleld of drug addictien, nitaria en el campo de las dregodependencias y establishing its principal cha racterisócs. establecer sus características princ,~ales.

The cornrnunitary intervention in drug El abordaje comunitario de la dro gadicción addiction requires an endowrnent of diversitied requiere una dotación de recursos diversificados resources in order te compel activities through a que obliguen a trabajar en red igualmente ales cen networl< anó also lo centers, services, prograrns, tres, servicios, programas, profesionales, les propies usuarios de drogas y población. Este modo de with professionals and with drug consumers as well trabajo propone abordar el conjunto de los proble- as people in general. This working method means mas (sociales y sanitarios) relacionados con las dro- te deal with alí the preblems connected vvith drug gas, donde el centro de la intervención es despla- (social anó sanitary). zado del profesional hacia el mismo tejido social, The basic purpose of this interventien is the El propósito básico de esta intervención es integration of people entrusted v'ith a knowledge in la ciudadanía de los «actores sociales» investidos the different fields of experiences: It could be the a partir del reconocimiento de sus diferentes cam- experiences of professionals or people. pos de experiencia: bien sea la de los profesiona- The incitement cornmunity is developed les, la de les habitantes, o la de los usuarios. La transversally of Ihe avoiding hierarchy in an ¡nnoanimación comunitaria se hace de forma transver- vating way and always in contact with the local prosal, nojerarquizada, innovadora, y siempre ligada cess lo vvhich the action takes place. al proceso local en el cual se establece la acción. In this article, tve tullí ti',' to synthesise the Trataremos en este texto de sintetizar los erigin, theories and practical perspectives of the orígenes teórico prácticos de la intervención comu- community actions in the fleld of drug addictien, nitaria en el campo de las dregodependencias y establishing its principal cha racterisócs. establecer sus características princ,~ales.

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Avocado is an important export and consumption product in Colombia, and its economic importance is expected to increase in the coming years. With its vast potential territory for avocado cultivation, the department of Cauca is a crucial area for producing this variety. However, small producers in the region often need more knowledge of the most suitable locations for planting. This study seeks to determine the ideal areas for Hass avocado cultivation in Cauca using geographic information tools and multi-criteria decision analysis, using a set of official data from different governmental entities and the hierarchical analytical process that allows determining the intensity of the interrelation of factors in the cultivation of Hass avocado. The results indicate that the municipalities near the Popayán plateau have the most significant potential for Hass avocado production, using the analytical hierarchy process. Approximately 9.2% of the administrative territory of the region is classified as highly suitable for Hass avocado cultivation, and an additional 14.2% is considered moderately suitable, constituting about 700,000 hectares of arable land. This research provides decision-makers and producers with valuable knowledge to support and improve Hass avocado agriculture in the region by implementing agricultural engineering practices.

Abstract Objective To study what women think about menopause treatments and assess their knowledge about them. To analyze adherence to treatment during COVID-19 confinement as a secondary objective. Methods A multi-center cross-sectional observational study was conducted using a survey of 2500 women between January and June 2019. This was administered following a non-probability sampling procedure including women between 35 and 75 years. An extension study was conducted during the coronavirus pandemic, between March and June 2020. Results The responses of 2355 surveyed women were analyzed. Of this sample, 42% knew about menopause hormone therapy (MHT). The most frequently identified indication was the treatment of hot flashes (65.6%). The MHT risks most frequently perceived were weight gain (24.2%) and breast cancer (21.7%); the main reason for rejecting MHT was a lack of information (96.1%). Comparative analyses were conducted according to age, menopausal status, type of menopause, place of residence, type of health care and level of education. During the coronavirus confinement period, 85 women using MHT were located, of which 84.7% continued it. Conclusions Women hold certain false beliefs about menopause, and their knowledge of the available treatments is somewhat limited. Adherence to MHT during the COVID-19 confinement in Spain has been high.

“Cuando Maya Kowalski, de 10 años, ingresó en el Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital en 2016, nada podría haberla preparado ni a ella ni a su familia para lo que estaban a punto de vivir. A medida que el equipo médico intentaba comprender su rara enfermedad, empezaron a cuestionarse las verdades básicas que unían a los Kowalski. De repente, Maya estaba bajo custodia del Estado, a pesar de dos padres que estaban desesperados por traer a su hija a casa. La historia de la familia Kowalski, contada con sus propias palabras, cambiará para siempre su forma de ver la atención sanitaria infantil” (Netflix).

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a common opportunistic infection in renal transplant patients. Objective: To obtain a clinical and laboratory description of transplant patients diagnosed with tuberculosis and their response to treatment during a period ranging from 2005 to 2013 at the Pablo Tobón Uribe Hospital. Methods: Retrospective and descriptive study. Results: In 641 renal transplants, tuberculosis was confirmed in 12 cases. Of these, 25% had a history of acute rejection, and 50% had creatinine levels greater than 1.5 mg/dl prior to infection. The disease typically presented as pulmonary (50%) and disseminated (33.3%). The first phase of treatment consisted of 3 months of HZRE (isoniazid, pyrazinamide, rifampicin and ethambutol) in 75% of the cases and HZME (isoniazid, pyrazinamide, moxifloxacin and ethambutol) in 25% of the cases. During the second phase of the treatment, 75% of the cases received isoniazid and rifampicin, and 25% of the cases received isoniazid and ethambutol. The length of treatment varied between 6 and 18 months. In 41.7% of patients, hepatotoxicity was associated with the beginning of anti-tuberculosis therapy. During a year-long follow-up, renal function remained stable, and the mortality rate was 16.7%. Conclusion: Tuberculosis in the renal transplant population studied caused diverse nonspecific symptoms. Pulmonary and disseminated tuberculosis were the most frequent forms and required prolonged treatment. Antituberculosis medications had a high toxicity and mortality. This infection must be considered when patients present with a febrile syndrome of unknown origin, especially during the first year after renal transplant.

El cacao producido en México tiene una gran relevancia cultural, ambiental y social, y es catalogado por la IICO como cacao fino de aroma, el cual se produce principalmente por pequeños productores en sistemas agroforestales en los estados de Tabasco y Chiapas. Sin embargo, presenta plantaciones con árboles que superan los 20 años, que es uno de los factores que repercuten en la baja productividad y rentabilidad del cultivo. Por ello, se tuvo como objetivo validar la factibilidad agronómica y económica en la renovación de una plantación tradicional e improductiva de cacao de dos formas de ejecución de la poda de descopado, una manual y otra mecanizada. La investigación se llevó a cabo en una plantación de 45 años, ubicada en Comalcalco, Tabasco. Se realizó en dos etapas, en la primera se probaron dos formas de ejecución: la poda tradicional con machete y la poda con el uso de motosierra, cada técnica en una hectárea, comparando la eficiencia y costo de cada una, y la mejor resultante se evaluó en una segunda etapa, en una plantación de seis hectáreas. En la primera etapa, se contabilizó el número de jornadas de mano de obra y el costo de las herramientas e insumos requeridos; y en las dos etapas, se evaluó de manera mensual el número de renuevos formados en la base y en la parte superior del tronco, el número de cojinetes en floración, la fructificación y la incidencia de frutos enfermos por moniliasis, a los cuales se realizó análisis de varianza. Los resultados indican que la poda con motosierra es más eficiente y de menor costo. En árboles podados se observa una mayor cantidad de renuevos, mayor floración y fructificación; además una reducción considerable de la incidencia de moniliasis.

El cacao producido en México tiene una gran relevancia cultural, ambiental y social, y es catalogado por la IICO como cacao fino de aroma, el cual se produce principalmente por pequeños productores en sistemas agroforestales en los estados de Tabasco y Chiapas. Sin embargo, presenta plantaciones con árboles que superan los 20 años, que es uno de los factores que repercuten en la baja productividad y rentabilidad del cultivo. Por ello, se tuvo como objetivo validar la factibilidad agronómica y económica en la renovación de una plantación tradicional e improductiva de cacao de dos formas de ejecución de la poda de descopado, una manual y otra mecanizada. La investigación se llevó a cabo en una plantación de 45 años, ubicada en Comalcalco, Tabasco. Se realizó en dos etapas, en la primera se probaron dos formas de ejecución: la poda tradicional con machete y la poda con el uso de motosierra, cada técnica en una hectárea, comparando la eficiencia y costo de cada una, y la mejor resultante se evaluó en una segunda etapa, en una plantación de seis hectáreas. En la primera etapa, se contabilizó el número de jornadas de mano de obra y el costo de las herramientas e insumos requeridos; y en las dos etapas, se evaluó de manera mensual el número de renuevos formados en la base y en la parte superior del tronco, el número de cojinetes en floración, la fructificación y la incidencia de frutos enfermos por moniliasis, a los cuales se realizó análisis de varianza. Los resultados indican que la poda con motosierra es más eficiente y de menor costo. En árboles podados se observa una mayor cantidad de renuevos, mayor floración y fructificación; además una reducción considerable de la incidencia de moniliasis.

Este estudio se plantea, en primer lugar, mostrar si el estallido de la pandemia Covid-19 ocasionada por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 ha evidenciado deficiencias en cuanto al desarrollo profesional según los propios docentes, en segundo lugar, valorar si esta percepción está vinculada con la participación en formaciones previas de desarrollo profesional docente de diferentes áreas y, por último, valorar si esta percepción está vinculada con diferentes aspectos de la percepción del Desarrollo Profesional Docente. 137 docentes no universitarios participaron en el estudio en el que sus percepciones fueron analizadas mediante correlaciones utilizando Chi Cuadrado, D de Somers y Rho de Spearman como estadísticos de contraste. Los resultados muestran cómo un 93.4% de los profesores no universitarios consideran que la pandemia ha mostrado sus carencias en desarrollo profesional docente y que son los más jóvenes y los que menos formación inicial pedagógica tienen los que más lo han percibido.

Drought exacerbates forest pest outbreaks, causing widespread tree mortality. In México, to control bark beetle outbreaks, mandatory sanitary logging is carried out by the landowners who can use or sell the resulting wood. We analyzed the temporal trend of reported bark beetle outbreaks and their relationship to drought conditions; and assessed the intensity of the sanitary logging in relation to land tenure type and the pre-existing Forest Management Program (FMP) as a proxy to determine whether sanitary logging is being used only for its primary purpose: bark beetle population control. We used official records of bark beetle outbreaks (n = 11,151) on four major conifer species (Abies religiosa, Pinus hartwegii, P. pseudostrobus, and P. oocarpa) that triggered sanitary logging authorizations (n = 1,968) between 2009 and 2021 in two highly affected states: Michoacán and Estado de México. Results showed that reported bark beetle outbreaks increased from an average of 38 in 2009 to 1,051 in 2021, and were associated with droughts that occurred up to two years earlier. More severe droughts were recorded in Estado de México, but more sanitary logging authorizations were issued in Michoacán (829 and 1,139, respectively). In Michoacán, the area logged was smaller, but the sanitary logging was more intensive (2,623 ha, x̅ 139 m3/ha of wood extracted) compared to Estado de México (9,227 ha, x̅ 38 m3/ha of wood extracted). These sanitary logging interventions occurred equally on communal and private lands, but from 58% (Michoacán) to 69% (Estado de México) occurred on properties without a pre-existing FMP. While the results suggest that in some areas, particularly in Michoacán, sanitary logging may serve as a legal pass to harvest timber, further research is needed on ecological and social issues, such as: forest characteristics that may influence beetle reproduction and dispersal, local pest management practices, forest governance and conflicts, and the effectiveness of technical assistance and monitoring to control outbreaks, among others.

Introducción: la evaluación del aprendizaje es un proceso donde es importante incorporar a los estudiantes a partir de la autoevaluación, para involucrarlos y hacerlos responsables de su aprendizaje. Objetivo: indagar sobre la utilidad de la autoevaluación desde la perspectiva de estudiantes de Educación Superior. Método: la metodología es mixta, con un análisis cualitativo realizado en ATLAS.ti y un análisis cuantitativo desarrollado en SPSS y Excel. Resultados: la autoevaluación no es usada asiduamente ya que solo el 23% de los participantes la han usado con una frecuencia alta. Conclusiones: a) un área de oportunidad es que los estudiantes comparen su aprendizaje con el de compañeros, b) para una autoevaluación eficaz los estudiantes deben fortalecer la confianza en sí mismos, c) es necesario que los docentes incorporen actividades posteriores a la autoevaluación, d) el uso de autoevaluaciones es útil si su implementación tiene un objetivo y cuenta con un proceso estructurado.

Pollution from oil spills can seriously affect many ecosystem processes and human health. Many articles have evaluated the impact of oil spills on human health. However, most of these articles focus on occupational exposure. The effect on people living in the areas affected by oil pollution is rarely studied. Approximately 640 million people worldwide live in areas at risk of oil pollution. Thus, studying the impact of this pollution on human health should be a priority. Here, we evaluate the presence of anemia in relation to crude oil exposure in men living in areas at risk of oil contamination in the Ecuadorian Amazon (Orellana and Napo). We evaluated the hematological and biochemical parameters of 135 participants. We divided the participants into three groups according to exposure: low, medium, and high. Our results showed a significant association between exposure risk and hemoglobin and hematocrit concentration. Groups with medium- and high- contamination exposure had levels below normal values in hemoglobin and hematocrit in more than 30% and 26% of the population, respectively. In conclusion, we found that crude oil affected human health, and the prevalence of the anemia in men was dependent of the level of contamination.

El control de malezas es un factor importante en la producción de cultivos, pero se hace necesario generar alternativas menos contaminantes y más sostenibles, por lo que se planteó una investigación exploratoria para determinar la actividad fitotóxica de extractos vegetales de Rosmarinus officinalis, Raphanus sativus, Origanum vulgare, Capsicum annuum y Allium sativum en la germinación de semillas y plantas de especies monocotiledóneas (Zea mays) y dicoltiledoneas (Phaseolus vulgaris); se utilizaron con cada planta dos formas de extracción (licuado y presurización). En la primera etapa se evaluaron todos los extractos a concentraciones de 100% y 50% v/v, en Z. mays y P. vulgaris, y se cuantificó: porcentaje de germinación, semillas sanas y crecimiento de plántula. Los mejores tratamientos se evaluaron en una segunda etapa sobre plantas y se cuantificó: grado de fitotoxicidad (escala de Rochecouste), el peso fresco y seco y crecimiento radicular y foliar. El diseño fue completamente al azar y en las dos etapas se incluyó un testigo (agua), se realizó análisis de varianza y comparaciones de medias de Tukey (P≤0,05). Los resultados indican que el extracto de R. officinalis licuado al 100% logró 9 en la escala de fitotoxicidad Rochecouste, así como el valor más bajo de peso seco en Z. mays, y R. officinalis presurizado al 100% y 50%, C. annuum licuado y presurizado al 100% y O. vulgare presurizado al 100%, también tuvieron un efecto fitotóxico superior al 4.8 y reducción en el peso seco de plantas en más del 50%, siendo potenciales productos herbicidas en plantas monocotiledóneas. El extracto de A. sativum licuado al 100%, logró 10 en la escala de Rochecouste, y el peso más bajo en plantas de P. vulgare, siendo al igual que A. sativum presurizado al 100 y 50% y O. vulgare licuado al 100%, extractos con potencial herbicida en plantas dicotiledóneas.

La colletotrichum gloeosporioides, es una enfermedad de gran importancia en el cultivo de guanábana ya que puede llegar a provocar grandes pérdidas productivas al estar presente en todas las etapas fenológicas del cultivo; como una alternativa al uso de productos de síntesis química para su control, se investigó el efecto in vitro de ocho extractos en forma de hidrolato obtenidos a partir de Bougainvillea spp., Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Mangifera indica L. , Carica papaya L., Pimenta dioica L. y Psidium guajava L., utilizando la técnica de medios envenenados. En la primera etapa se evaluaron los hidrolatos al 50% de concentración V/V, aquellos que lograron la total inhibición del patógeno se les determinó su concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI), se cuantificó el crecimiento diario del diámetro radial del patógeno, así como el número de conidias totales y germinadas. Los resultados muestran que todas las plantas evaluadas poseen compuestos con capacidad fungistática sobre C. gloeosporioides al probarlas in vitro; en la primera etapa P. dioica L., D. ambrosioides L., M. indica L. y Bougainvillea spp. inhibieron el desarrollo total del patógeno, mientras que H. sabdariffa L. y P. guajava L. mostraron una inhibición menor en el crecimiento micelial; sin embargo evidenciaron alta capacidad antiesporulante (99.45% y 83.33% respectivamente); por otra parte, C. papaya mostró baja inhibición tanto en esporulación como en el crecimiento del micelio. En la segunda etapa únicamente P. dioica L. inhibió el desarrollo de C. gloeosporioides, con la CMI más baja (40%), los demás tratamientos no inhibieron el crecimiento micelial, pero todos mostraron capacidad antiesporulante según la prueba Tukey. El hidrolato de P. dioica L. mostró la menor CMI con 40% (V/V), mientras que para los hidrolatos de D. ambrosioides L., Bougainvillea spp. (hoja, flor y bráctea) y M. indica L. la CMI fue de 50% (V/V) sobre C. gloeosporioides.

Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric disorder with an unknown etiology that is characterized by an individual’s preoccupation with their weight and body structure while denying the severity of their low body weight. Due to the fact that anorexia nervosa is multifaceted and may indicate the coexistence of genetic, social, hormonal, and psychiatric disorders, a description of non-pharmacological interventions can be used to ameliorate or reduce the symptoms of this condition. Consequently, the purpose of the present narrative review is to describe the profile’s context in the anorexic person as well as the support they would require from their family and environment. In addition, it is aimed at examining preventative and non-pharmacological interventions, such as nutritional interventions, physical activity interventions, psychological interventions, psychosocial interventions, and physical therapy interventions. To reach the narrative review aims, a critical review was conducted utilizing both primary sources, such as scientific publications, and secondary sources, such as bibliographic indexes, web pages, and databases. Nutritional interventions include nutritional education and an individualized treatment for each patient, physical activity interventions include allowing patients to perform controlled physical activity, psychological interventions include family therapy and evaluation of the existence of other psychological disorders, psychosocial interventions include management of the relationship between the patient and social media and physical therapy interventions include relaxation massages and exercises to relieve pain. All these non-pharmacological interventions need to be individualized based on each patient’s needs.

Background: Rivers and their associated vegetation are considered highly complex natural systems representing high biodiversity areas that work as biological corridors. Nevertheless, riparian vegetation of the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve (MBBR) has not been studied nor considered in the reserve’s management program. Questions: Which is the composition, structure, diversity, and state of conservation of the riparian vegetation of the MBBR? Study site and dates: The Senguio Microbasin, part of Sierra Chincua Priority Terrestrial Region, within the MBBR, in central México. 2016-2017. Methods: Using high-resolution imagery from 2014, we identified five joint categories in relation to the protection status (Core Zone, Buffer Zone, and Influence Area) and land use (conserved forest, highly disturbed forest, and farmland). We sampled three sites per category (N = 15) to analyze the composition, richness, and α- and β-diversity of the riparian communities. Results: We registered 108 species, 46 genera, and 18 families, of which 98 % are native and 2 % exotic. Richness and α-diversity were not significantly different among sites, but the composition and β-diversity showed significant differences depending on land use. The riparian vegetation is well conserved both in the Reserve´s Core and Buffer zones, and preserves high coverage, species richness, and individuals’ abundance. Conclusions: The riparian vegetation of the Senguio Microbasin hosts a biodiversity richness critical for the ecosystem’s health and evidences the relevance of considering the human use of the riparian systems to succeed in the conservation strategies.

RESUMEN Objetivo: El aumento de ancianos, el envejecimiento de los mayores y la crisis del apoyo informal prestado por las familias producen un incremento en la demanda de servicios residenciales para mayores, los cuales deben proporcionar una atención de calidad que les garantice una vida digna. El objetivo es analizar la calidad asistencial en la atención prestada a los ancianos en los centros residenciales. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sistematizada en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, WoS, CINAHL y Dialnet, de los estudios publicados entre 2013 y 2018, relacionados con el tema, en español o inglés, con acceso a texto completo y población mayor de 65 años. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 21 estudios. De los indicadores sobre la calidad asistencial: siete sobre la calidad de vida, cinco sobre atención al residente, tres sobre atención al residente junto con organización, y dos sobre relaciones y derechos de los residentes. De las estrategias de mejora de la calidad asistencial: cuatro sobre cuidados centrados en la persona, guías para el control de infecciones y prescripción de antibióticos; cuatro sobre intervenciones con profesional de salud mental, risoterapia, juegos intergeneracionales, y una herramienta de evaluación del dolor para personas que no se pueden comunicar. Tres plantean más enfermeras y mayor preparación. Uno refiere la adecuación de las habitaciones y buen trato profesional. Conclusiones: En la evaluación de la mayoría de los indicadores de las residencias se hallaron valores por debajo de niveles adecuados. Principalmente se describen estrategias de mejora relacionadas con los profesionales sanitarios.

More than half of Mexico’s forests and about a third of the forests of the world are communally owned. Despite this, community forest management (CFM) is the least studied forest management policy, and existing studies have focused on the effects of CFM on deforestation. In this paper, we evaluate the effect of CFM on land cover more broadly, to understand how CFM affects a community’s land use decisions. Mexico’s forestry administration mandates that to legally sell timber, communities must adopt forest management plans designed by a certified forester. In this study, we use differential access to foresters to identify the effect of community management on land cover and deforestation. We find that over time communities that adopt management plans see relatively more primary forest, a limited expansion of the agricultural frontier, and a decrease in deforestation. The decrease in deforestation is economically significant since the economic benefits from the avoided CO _2 emissions alone could far outweigh the costs of adopting the management plans.

In 2010, the Mexican National Forestry Commission (Spanish acronym CONAFOR) implemented REDD+ early action activities in priority states, including Campeche. This article explores the impact of the forestry programs promoted under REDD+ on the diversification of household activities, benefit-sharing among local groups, and forest cover changes in two local communities in Campeche. It examines whether the design and implementation of these programs responded to local aspirations for equity and rural development by combining ethnographic and documental methods. In addition, it quantifies land-cover change (2013-2018) using high-resolution imagery and spatial analysis. It found no intracommunity equity or sustainable activity diversification resulting from the REDD+ implementation. Deforestation for livestock and agricultural mechanization was the dominant process observed both in dense and open forests. Although it has not made the situation worse, REDD+ has yet to provide social benefits for these two communities. To be considered a viable option locally, the program design under REDD+ must combine the implementation of several sustainable productive activities over a longer period and provide net monetary benefits to all local groups.

The enzymes of the family peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) have an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) due to their association with the anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) production. To evaluate the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PADI2 gene and RA susceptibility, related clinical parameters, and the serologic status of autoantibodies in a women population with RA from southern Mexico, a case-control study was conducted (case n=229; control n=333). Sociodemographic characteristics were evaluated, along with clinical parameters, inflammation markers, the levels of ACPAs as anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCPs), anti-modified citrullinated vimentin (anti-MCV), and rheumatoid factor (RF). Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood, and three SNPs of the PADI2 gene (rs1005753, rs2057094, and rs2235926) were performed by qPCR using TaqMan probes. The data analysis reveals that the carriers of the T allele for rs2057094 and rs2235926 presented an earlier onset of the disease (β= -3.26; p = 0.03 and β = -4.13; p = 0.015, respectively) while the carriers of the T allele for rs1005753 presented higher levels of anti-CCPs (β= 68.3; p = 0.015). Additionally, the T allele of rs2235926 was associated with a positive RF (OR = 2.90; p = 0.04), anti-MCV (OR = 2.92; p = 0.05), and with the serologic status anti-CCP+/anti-MCV+ (OR = 3.02; p = 0.03), and anti-CCP+/anti-MCV+/RF+ (OR = 3.79; p = 0.004). The haplotypes GTT (OR =1.52; p = 0.027) and TTT (OR = 1.32; p = 0.025) were associated with the presence of RA. In addition, in this study the haplotype TTT is linked to the presence of radiographic joint damage defined by a Sharp-van der Heijde score (SHS) ≥2 (OR = 1.97; p = 0.0021) and SHS ≥3 (OR = 1.94; p = 0.011). The haplotype TTT of SNPs rs1005753, rs2057094, and rs2235926 of the PADI2 gene confers genetic susceptibility to RA and radiographic joint damage in women from southern Mexico. The evidence reveals that SNPs of the PADI2 gene favors the presence of a positive serologic status in multiple autoantibodies and the clinical manifestations of RA at an early onset age.

El objetivo principal del estudio fue identificar las facetas de desgaste dental de los conductores de bus de una empresa de Medellín. Estudio de corte transversal, con un enfoque empírico analítico de alcance correlacional y de diseño no experimental. A través de un cálculo probabilístico se tomó una muestra de 278 conductores con un nivel de confianza del 98%, un margen error del 5% y una proporción esperada del 50%. Cada participante diligenció una encuesta y posteriormente se realizó una valoración clínica dental. A partir de los datos se hizo un análisis univariado, bivariado y multivariado. En los resultados hubo asociación estadísticamente significativa, con la variable ruta en la que conduce (p=0,01), siendo la respuesta afirmativa a esta variable la única que se encuentra en la ecuación. Esta misma se presenta como factor protector (0,33 – IC 0,14 – 0,80). La mayoría de los conductores (82,3%) presentaron facetas de desgaste dental, en relación a la clasificación el grado 1 fue el que más prevaleció. La razón del desgaste está dada por procesos multifactoriales, por lo que es muy importante detectar las facetas a tiempo para evitar un daño en la estructura dental.

The objective of the following essay is determining if the Bilingual intercultural Education Specialty of the Libertador Pedagogic Experimental University EEIB / UPEL of Venezuela is an institution of intercultural practice. Methodologically, it responds to the practice proposed by Mato, Maldonado and Rey (2011). Among the results, it was found: interculturality is perceived, from the functional, as a right, a recognition; from the relational, it is associated to categories such as exchange, contact, among the adjudicated senses, it is counted as an interculturality from the role. The need to question was observed, to transform, to transcend to the visibility of other knowledge, doings and powers. It is concluded that the EEIB / UPEL is not yet a center of intercultural practice, from the facts, it remains as a center of compensatory practices imposed from the verticalisms of the State.

La papaya es un cultivo de gran importancia a nivel mundial. México y Colombia son líderes mundiales en su producción; una de las principales limitantes para este cultivo son las enfermedades dentro de las que destaca la antracnosis que afecta en pre y poscosecha, es por ello que la investigación en la búsqueda de alternativas eficientes, sustentables e inocuas en la sanidad del cultivo son primordiales para reducir las pérdidas en la producción y con ello mejoren los ingresos y la calidad de vida del productor y los involucrados en la cadena productiva, hasta el consumidor, con productos de calidad y sin contaminantes que afecten su salud. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar extractos de plantas bajo dos formas de extracción en el control in vitro de Colletotrichum gloesporioides. Por lo que fue evaluado el efecto antifúngico de extractos vegetales de hojas de orégano (Oreganum vulgare), frutos de pimienta (Pimienta dioica), hojas de neem (Azadirachta indica.) y hojas secas de matarratón (Gliricidia sepium) obtenidos a partir de métodos de destilación y microondas, sobre C. gloesporioides aislado de Carica papaya. Fue utilizada la técnica de medio envenenado en cajas Petri con medio PDA; en una primera fase, se probó la concentración 60 % para todos los extractos. Posteriormente fue determinada la concentración mínima inhibitoria para aquellos que en la primera fase inhibieron el 100 %. El efecto antifúngico se determinó mediante crecimiento micelial, número de conidias totales y germinadas. Los resultados indicaron que el extracto de fruto de pimienta obtenido por microondas, en una concentración de 40% y el producto patente M2 UNACH en una concentración de 20 %, inhibieron totalmente a C. gloesporioides. los extractos obtenidos mediante el microondas tuvieron mejor efecto antifúngico que los obtenidos por destilación.

Dada la importancia cultural y económica para México del cultivo del maíz, y los efectos sobre la germinación y el desarrollo inicial provocado por malezas, fitopatógenos y condiciones ambientales adversas, el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto del osmoacondicionamiento de semillas de maíz sobre la germinación y el desarrollo inicial. Se realizaron dos ensayos; en el primero se estudiaron los resultados de tres extractos vegetales: Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Azadirachta indica y Zingiber officinale; bicarbonato de sodio y el biofertilizante magro. El primero con once tratamientos en un diseño completamente al azar, en el cual se cuantificó la velocidad de emergencia y el porcentaje de germinación. En el segundo ensayo se estudiaron nueve tratamientos, los cuales consistieron en las concentraciones que permitieron la germinación en el primer ensayo; como variables se cuantificaron altura, peso de materia fresca y seca total, y volumen de raíz. Se utilizaron semillas locales de Chiapas, la siembra se realizó en vivero, utilizando arena de río estéril como sustrato. Las semillas que fueron tratadas con bicarbonato de sodio y C. zeylanicum 10 % (V:V) presentaron mayor velocidad de emergencia; el tratamiento bicarbonato de sodio (30 g/L) favoreció la germinación y junto a los tratamientos C. zeylanicum al 10 % (V:V) A. indica al 20 % (V:V) y Z. officinale al 30 % (V:V) registraron los valores más altos de peso fresco de raíz, peso fresco y seco de biomasa aérea, además estimularon el crecimiento aéreo en un 56 % con respecto al tratamiento control (p

El emprendimiento es un elemento clave para la generación de empleo, y las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) juegan un papel fundamental en la formación académica y fomento al desarrollo empresarial. El objetivo de este artículo es evaluar la iniciativa emprendedora de los estudiantes de educación superior tecnológica en México, mediante la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado, con la finalidad de identificar diferencias significativas respecto a la formación académica. Se aplicó el cuestionario GUESSS (Global University Entrepreurial Spirit Student's Survey) a 919 estudiantes. Es un estudio empírico, cuantitativo, de corte transversal, con alcance descriptivo y explicativo. Se aplicó el método de análisis de varianza factorial ANOVA. Se comprueba la hipótesis que plantea la existencia de diferencias estadísticamente significativas respecto a la formación académica en las puntuaciones medias de actitud personal hacia el emprendimiento, normas subjetivas y el índice global de iniciativa emprendedora.

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile illness that largely affects young children before 5 years of age. Younger children with KD are reported to have a higher prevalence of coronary artery abnormalities. Little is known about infants in the first 3 months of age diagnosed with KD.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the National Institute of Pediatrics in Mexico City from 1995 to 2019. Clinical features, laboratory results and cardiac outcomes were recorded. Infants in the first 3 months of age were compared with older patients. Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney analysis was performed for continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables.Results: Six hundred and eighty-eight cases of KD were included in this study. Fourteen cases were diagnosed in the first three months of age. Heart failure and KD shock-syndrome was found in five cases (35.7%). Giant coronary artery aneurysms were found in six cases in the younger group (42.9%).Conclusions: Diagnosis of KD in children younger than 3 months of age is rare. In most cases, an incomplete presentation contributed to a delay diagnosis, treatment, and complications. Younger patients with KD have an increased risk of presenting cardiac complications, including giant coronary artery aneurysms, shock, and death.

This paper investigates how the horizontal and vertical policy integration for REDD+ has been conceptualized and unfolded in Mexico during the REDD+ readiness and early implementation phase (2008–2019). We used the document analysis and interviews with key actors to identify changes that REDD+ induced in forestry and agriculture sectors’ policy making and programs at the national level and in two REDD+ states, Campeche and Jalisco. The policy integration for REDD+ in Mexico is conceptualized as compatibility-within-a-framework, i.e., promotes coordination and compromises among the objectives of land-use policies endorsing sustainable rural development. The state environmental agencies play an active role in involving the agricultural authorities in formal and informal interactions. This resulted in the design (Campeche) and even implementation (Jalisco) of REDD+-aligned programs and instruments. The progress at the subnational level is hampered by the national agriculture and forestry agencies’ policy inertia and lack of resources. To support the subnational REDD+ policy integration advancement, more resources and powers should be made available to the state environmental authorities which would help them directly reach more international funding and include other important REDD+ actors and establish mutually accountable relationships with them.

Let Lip([0,1]) be the Banach space of all Lipschitz complex-valued functions f on [0,1], equipped with one of the norms: fσ=|f(0)|+f′L∞ or fm=max|f(0)|,f′L∞, where ·L∞ denotes the essential supremum norm. It is known that the surjective linear isometries of such spaces are integral operators, rather than the more familiar weighted composition operators. In this paper, we describe the topological reflexive closure of the isometry group of Lip([0,1]). Namely, we prove that every approximate local isometry of Lip([0,1]) can be represented as a sum of an elementary weighted composition operator and an integral operator. This description allows us to establish the algebraic reflexivity of the sets of surjective linear isometries, isometric reflections, and generalized bi-circular projections of Lip([0,1]). Additionally, some complete characterizations of such reflections and projections are stated.