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Abstract Patients with glycogen storage disease type Ib (GSD‐Ib) frequently have inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). however, the underlying etiology remains unclear. Herein, this study finds that digestive symptoms are commonly observed in patients with GSD‐Ib, presenting as single or multiple scattered deep round ulcers, inflammatory pseudo‐polyps, obstructions, and strictures, which differ substantially from those in typical IBD. Distinct microbiota profiling and single‐cell clustering of colonic mucosae in patients with GSD are conducted. Heterogeneous oral pathogenic enteric outgrowth induced by GSD is a potent inducer of gut microbiota immaturity and colonic macrophage accumulation. Specifically, a unique population of macrophages with high CCL4L2 expression is identified in response to pathogenic bacteria in the intestine. Hyper‐activation of the CCL4L2‐VSIR axis leads to increased expression of AGR2 and ZG16 in epithelial cells, which mediates the unique progression of IBD in GSD‐Ib. Collectively, the microbiota‐driven pathomechanism of IBD is demonstrated in GSD‐Ib and revealed the active role of the CCL4L2‐VSIR axis in the interaction between the microbiota and colonic mucosal immunity. Thus, targeting gut dysbiosis and/or the CCL4L2‐VISR axis may represent a potential therapy for GSD‐associated IBD.

Background: Ambient sulfur dioxide (SO2) has been associated with morbidity and mortality of respiratory diseases, however, its effect on length of hospital stays (LOS) and cost for these diagnoses remain unclear. Methods: We collected hospital admission information for respiratory diseases from all 11 cities in the Shanxi Province of China during 2017–2019. We assessed individual-level exposure by using an inverse distance weighting approach based on geocoded residential addresses. A generalized additive model was built to delineate city-specific effects of SO2 on hospitalization, hospital expenditure, and length of hospital stay for respiratory diseases. The overall effects were obtained by random-effects meta-analysis. We further estimated the respiratory burden attributable to SO2 by comparing different reference concentrations. Results: We observed significant effects of SO2 exposure on respiratory diseases. At the provincial level, each 10 μg/m3 increase in SO2 on lag03 was associated with a 0.63% (95% CI: 0.14–0.11) increase in hospital admission, an increase of 4.56 days (95% CI: 1.16–7.95) of hospital stay, and 3647.97 renminbi (RMB, Chinese money) (95% CI: 1091.05–6204.90) in hospital cost. We estimated about 6.13 (95% CI: 1.33–11.10) thousand hospital admissions, 65.77 million RMB (95% CI: 19.67–111.87) in hospital expenditure, and 82.13 (95% CI: 20.87–143.40) thousand days of hospital stay could have potentially been avoided had the daily SO2 concentrations been reduced to WHO’s reference concentration (40 µg/m3). Variable values in correspondence with this reference concentration could reduce the hospital cost and LOS of each case by 52.67 RMB (95% CI: 15.75–89.59) and 0.07 days (95% CI: 0.02–0.117). Conclusion: This study provides evidence that short-term ambient SO2 exposure is an important risk factor of respiratory diseases, indicating that continually tightening policies to reduce SO2 levels could effectively reduce respiratory disease burden in Shanxi Province.

Ivosidenib is an isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant inhibitor that the US Food and Drug Administration recently approved for the treatment of leukemia. Studies suggested that ivosidenib may inhibit the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the present study, we explored RNAs and their potential regulatory mechanisms by which ivosidenib treats NSCLC cells. We used MTT assays, Transwell assays, and flow cytometry to measure the anti-tumor effects of ivosidenib in NSCLC cells. We performed whole transcriptome sequencing to determine differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNA). We used GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses to identify the functions and potential mechanisms. According to miRNA target interactions, we constructed a competing endogenous network. Ivosidenib inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of NSCLC cells and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. We identified 212 DE-mRNAs, four DE-miRNAs, and 206 DE-lncRNAs in ivosidenib-treated NSCLC cells compared to untreated NSCLC cells. DE-mRNAs were significantly enriched in the cancer-associated pathways, including the TGF-β signaling pathway, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, the Jak-STAT signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway, the Rap1 signaling pathway, and cell adhesion molecules. Based on the competing endogenous RNA hypothesis, we constructed lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks to elucidate the regulatory relationships between mRNA and ncRNA. We found that qRT-PCR results showed corresponding expression trends of differential genes with sequencing data. Our results provide insights into the molecular basis of ivosidenib suppression of NSCLC.

Cinnamaldehyde (CA) is the main component extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine cinnamon. Recent studies revealed that CA has antiviral and anti-tumor effects. However, the effect and mechanism of CA on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) through whole transcriptome sequencing integrated analysis have not been systematically investigated. In this study, whole transcriptome sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs), micro RNAs (miRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that were influenced by CA and screen regulatory pathways. The results showed that CA significantly inhibited proliferation, invasion, and migration, whereas it induced the apoptosis of NSCLC cells. CA inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that these differentially expressed mRNAs were potentially implicated in the CA-suppressing malignant phenotypes of NSCLC. According to the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis, a ceRNA network was constructed, including 13 mRNAs, 6 miRNAs, and 11 lncRNAs. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of the 13 mRNAs in the ceRNA network showed that suppressors of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), BTG anti-proliferation factor 2 (BTG2), and Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) were significantly enriched in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, RNA degradation, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway related to cancer. These findings indicated that SOCS1, BTG2, and BTK play an essential role in CA against NSCLC. Meanwhile, based on the ceRNA network, three lncRNAs (long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1504 [LINC01504], LINC01783, and THUMPD3 antisense RNA 1 [THUMPD3-AS1]) and three miRNAs (has-miR-155-5p, has-miR-7-5p, and has-miR-425-5p) associated with SOCS1, BTG2, and BTK may be important in CA against NSCLC. Taken together, the present study demonstrated the activity of CA against lung cancer and its potential use as a therapeutic agent.