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The genus Eois Hübner (Geometridae: Larentiinae) comprises 254 valid species, 217 of which were described from the Neotropics and 31 of those having their type locality in Brazil. Since this species rich genus has never been revised, and may potentially include many cryptic undescribed species, Eois embodies a problematic taxonomic scenario. The actual diversity of Eois is greatly underestimated and the Brazilian fauna is poorly known, both because of inadequate sampling and because of the potential existence of cryptic species "hidden" within some nominal taxa. In this study we investigated the diversity within a cryptic species complexes associated to the E. pallidicosta and E. odatis clades. We describe three new species Eois oya Moraes & Montebello sp. nov., Eois ewa Moraes & Stanton sp. nov., and Eois oxum Moraes & Freitas sp. nov., in an integrative taxonomy approach, using morphology, host plant use and species delimitation tools.

Com o objetivo de estabelecer a duração do desenvolvimento pós-embrionário e dos instares, foram coletados ovos de Anteos menippe em folhas de Cassia ferruginea e levados ao laboratório para o registro das datas das ecdises. O desenvolvimento pós-embrionário durou (média ± erro-padrão) 25,7 ± 0,4 dias. O período larval (15,9 ± 0,3 dias) representou 61,7% do desenvolvimento e contou com cinco instares: L1= 2,2 ± 0,1; L2= 1,7 ± 0,2; L3= 2,0 ± 0,1; L4= 3,4 ± 0,1 e L5= 6,4 ± 0,3. Este último ínstar contou com uma fase ativa (5,4 ± 0,3 dias) e prepupa (1 dia). O período pupal foi de 9,9 ± 0,2 dias. O período de inatividade (prepupa + pupa) foi de 10,9 ± 0,2 dias representando 42,2% do desenvolvimento pós-embrionário, sendo o período ativo (larval ativo) 57,8% do desenvolvimento. A viabilidade de ovos foi de 91,6% e a sobrevivência, a partir do número de lagartas neonatas foi de 59,8%.In order to determine the duration of the post-embryonic development and its instars, eggs of Anteos menippe were collected from Cassia ferruginea leaves and were taken into the laboratory to register the dates of ecdysis. The post-embryonic development was (in days average ± standard error) 25.7 ± 0.4, the larval period 15.9 ± 0.3 represented 61.7% of the development and had five instars: L1 = 2.2 ± 0.1, L2 = 1.7 ± 0.2, L3 = 2.0 ± 0.1, L4 = 3.4 ± 0.1 and L5 = 6.4 ± 0.3. This last instar had an active phase (5.4 ± 0.3) and a prepupal phase (1 day long). The pupal period was 9.9 ± 0.2. The inactivity period (prepupa + pupa) 10.9 ± 0.2 days represented 42.2% of the post-embryonic development, and the active phase 57.8%. The egg viability was 91.6% and the survival, starting from neonate larvae, was 59.8%.

O conhecimento científico sobre a associação de Thysanoptera com plantas nativas ou cultivadas na região Neotropical é praticamente inexistente. Este trabalho objetivou identificar as espécies de tripes e as plantas por eles visitadas ou utilizadas como hospedeiras em uma unidade de conservação, o Parque Estadual de Itapuã (30°22'S 51°02'W), Viamão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Entre junho de 1999 e maio de 2001, ramos (n=1.274), flores (n=774) e touceiras de gramíneas (n=596) foram sistematicamente amostradas em 20 pontos em quatro transectos estandardizados. O total de 72 espécies de plantas pertencentes a 26 famílias foram identificadas, 60 das quais foram registradas como hospedeiras. Do total de 9.602 espécimes de tripes, 4.900 (50%) foram registrados em flores, 3.764 (39%) em ramos e 938 (10%) nas touceiras de gramíneas. Para 6.533 dos espécimes (4.480 imaturos e 2.053 adultos), foi possível identificar a planta na qual foram coletados. De uma riqueza total de 61 espécies de tripes, 35 foram registradas em flores, 36 em ramos e 14 em touceiras de gramíneas. As espécies de tripes mais abundantes e as plantas que apresentaram a mais alta diversidade de tripes são comentadas.The scientific knowledge about the association of Thysanoptera with native or cultivated plants in the Neotropical region is practically nonentity. This work aimed at identifying the thrips species and the plants visited by them or used as hosts in a Conservation Unit, the "Parque Estadual de Itapuã" (30°22'S 51°02'W), Viamão, Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. Between June 1999 and May 2001, branches (n=1,274), flowers (n=774) and grass tussocks (n=596) were systematically sampled at 20 points in four standardized transects. A total of 72 plant species belonging to 26 families were identified, 60 of those were registered as host plants. From a total of 9,602 thrips specimens, 4,900 (50%) were registered in flowers, 3,764 (39%) in branches and 938 (10%) in grass tussocks. For 6,533 of the specimens (4,480 immatures and 2,053 adults), it was possible to identify the plant on which they were collected. Of a total richness of 61 species of thrips, 35 were recorded in flowers, 36 in branches and 14 in grass tussocks. The most abundant thrips species and the plant species that showed the higher thrips diversity are commented upon.

Two new species (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Cixiidae) included in a new genus, Meenocixius gen. n., and associated with Acanthophœnix rubra (Bory) H. Wendl. (Arecaceae) are described from the island of La Réunion: M. bebourensis sp. n. and M. virescens sp. n. This genus shows several autapomorphies in its tegmina venation, very particular within the Fulgoromorpha. Borbonomyndus gen. n., is proposed for another new species, B. pandanicola sp. n. associated with Pandanus purpurascens Thouars (Pandanaceae), and B. pallidus (Synave), previously described as a member of the genus Eumyndus Synave. According to morphological and ethological data, E. bistriatus is synonymized with B. pallidus, of which three different forms are recognized. All species of Borbonomyndus are found associated with Pandanus. These two new genera are endemic to La Réunion. Without taxonomic standing, the subspecies of Brixia belouvensis are synonymyzed and restricted to four different forms. A key is proposed for the Cixiidae of La Réunion, which now includes 12 species belonging to 6 different genera: Achaemenes, Aselgeoides, Brixia, Oliarus (but we show that the species placed in this genus need to be reviewed), Borbonomyndus, and Meenocixius. Monophyly of Eumyndus, from which E. perinetensis Synave is excluded, is substantiated. Following the new interpretation, this genus is now restricted to Madagascar. The species Cubana insularis Muir, from the island of Rodrigues, is transferred to a new genus: Achaebana gen. n. Finally, cixiid endemism and their host-plant associations in the Mascarenes are discussed.

Seven species of Scolytodes (tribe Ctenophorini) are described as new to science: S. concavus and S. circumsetosus (from Ficus branches, La Selva), S. montanus (Monteverde), S. nudifrons (Las Cruces near San Vito), and S. triangulus (fogging sample, La Selva), all from Costa Rica, and S. ungulatus (Cerro Punta) and S. punctifrons (from Astronium graveolens, Canal Zone), both from Panama. New distributional and host plant data are given for the following species: S. amoenus (Ficus branch, La Selva, and the first record south of Mexico), S. immanis (Cerro de La Muerte), S. impressus (Xylopia branch, Peninsula de Osa), S. ochromae (Ochroma branch, La Selva), S. piceus (fogging sample, La Selva, the first low altitude record), and S. swieteniae (fogging sample, La Selva and Braulio Carrillo, the first exact locality data), all from Costa Rica, and S. nanellus (Barro Colorado Island) from Panama.