Search

The Syrian conflict led to a countrywide realignment in both territorial and demographic traits with catastrophic consequences for the population. More than 6,6 million people were forced to leave their homeland, and a further 6,9 million became Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs). Lately, a subsequent consolidation of the population ensued, which witnessed a partial self-repatriation of IDPs. Here, we report the preliminary results of a study to explore migration motives in the framework of the repatriation aid programme provided for these IDPs. The programme was coordinated by the Melkite Greek Catholic Archeparchy of Homs in and around the city of Homs. Moreover, we provide an overview of the geographic territory covered by the initiative and of the relevant events of the conflict which affected IDPs from the region. Key results from our analysis include the observation that individual experiences of traumatization and deterioration of social status are major contributing factors that fuel resettlement. Our work provides timely guidance for other ongoing struggles and emerging crises by highlighting the causes and circumstances of internal migration.

Cities in the north middle east are known for their past and old valuable heritage, with a complex master plan of each one. Homs city is Syria is one of them, it has a history dates back to 2000B.C. with a unique formation of the city. However, the urban area of Homs has a very distinctive characteristics, but unfortunately it suffers from the transportation system operated. The congested and unorganized planning process have led the city to a complete mess and disorders, for all categories of its inhabitants. This study analysis the components of the transportation system, and identifies the greatest issues and problems the inhabitants suffer from, by locating the driving forces and the causes of these issues, and generally asses the quality of the system itself. Therefore, a holistic approach is proposed to improve the transportation system, and suggests some key plans to shift the city to a higher level of development. By locating the strength points, and detect the benefits of these strength points and exploit them. By evaluating the road network and create a new system that mitigates the negative environmental impacts (emissions, noise…) and reduce the crowded gathering of inhabitants, which caused a severe stress in their daily life. Overall, an attempt of implementing a new transportation system to contribute in the development process, and opens the possibility to develop other systems of the city in a sustainable framework.

The importance of the city of Homs in it the third city in the Syrian Republic in terms of area and historical importance, it has played an important role in Islamic history directly, to its geographical position as a base defensive immune from external attacks by the Crusaders and the Tatars, or internal dangers Kthorat Bedouin, or a indirect participation in campaigns to support fully to confront the attacks. The city of Homs represents the intersection of the main road between the Syrian cities point where bordered on the north city of Aleppo, from the south of Damascus, from the East Palmyra and Hama, from the West Mediterranean, and the north-west city of Masyaf. As for economic activity as a result of its geographical position, the nature of the soil, the climate and its impact on the rich architectural, and proof of this is the rise in the annual value of the abscess, which was paid to the affiliate countries over the centuries, and that after a turn on the movement of construction and urbanization, both the city of Homs or Syria as a whole , this movement represented in the large architectural installations, whether religious, civil or funeral. The funerary architecture city of Homs in the shrines, whether independent or attached to religious establishments - the mosque, Almadrsh-, came research to shed light on the architecture of each and component units and architectural elements with characteristics and different features through a research-based approach on the two axes in the following manner: - The first axis: the documentary approach based on field study. The second axis: inductive analytical approach مقام (مزار) ابی موسى الاشعری بمدینة حمص السوریة أ.د/ أسامة طلعت عبد النعیم أ.د/على الطایش أ./عائشة فتحى حسین تکمن أهمیة مدینة حمص فى انها ثالث مدینة فى الجمهوریة السوریة من حیث المساحة والأهمیة التاریخیة، فقد لعبت دوراً هاماً فى التاریخ الإسلامى بشکل مباشر، وذلک لموقعها الجغرافى کقاعدة دفاعیة محصنة ضد الهجمات الخارجیة من قبل الصلیبین والتتار، او من الأخطار الداخلیة کثورات البدو، او بشکل غیر مباشر لمشارکتها فى دعم الحملات بشکل کامل لمواجهة الإعتداءات. تمثل مدینة حمص نقطة تقاطع الطریق بین المدن السوریة الرئیسیة حیث یحدها من الشمال مدینة حلب، من الجنوب مدینة دمشق، من الشرق تدمر وحماه ، من الغرب البحر المتوسط، ومن الشمال الغربی مدینة مصیاف. کما کان للنشاط الإقتصادى نتیجة لموقعها الجغرافى، وطبیعة تربتها، ومناخها أثره فى الثراء المعمارى بها، والدلیل على ذلک هو ارتفاع القیمة السنویة للخراج الذى کانت تدفعه الى الدول التابعة لها على مر العصور، والذى اثر بدوره على حرکة البناء والعمران سواء بمدینة حمص او بسوریا ککل، تمثلت هذه الحرکة فى کثرة المنشآت المعماریة سواء الدینیة او المدنیة او الجنائزیة. تتمثل العمارة الجنائزیة بمدینة حمص فى المزارات سواء المستقلة او الملحقة بالمنشآت الدینیة - المسجد ، المدرسة- ،جاء البحث لیلقی الضوء على عمارة کل منها وما تتضمنه من وحدات وعناصر معماریة ذات الخصائص والممیزات المختلفة من خلال منهج بحثی یعتمد على محورین على الوجه التالی:- المحور الأول: المنهج التوثیقی القائم على الدراسة المیدانیة. المحور الثانى: المنهج الإستقرائی التحلیلی

Modulated differential wavefront sensing (MDWS) is an alignment control scheme in the regime of beams with strong higher order transversal modes (HOMs). It is based on the differential wavefront sensing (DWS) technique. MDWS represents a significant upgrade over conventional techniques used in the presence of high HOM content as it allows for higher control bandwidths while eliminating the need of auxiliary alignment modulations, that otherwise cause loss of applied squeezing. The output port of gravitational wave (GW) interferometers (IFO) is one such place where a lot of HOMs are present. These are filtered out by a cavity called the output mode cleaner (OMC), whose alignment gets challenging due to the presence of HOMs. In this paper, we present the first demonstration of the MDWS scheme for aligning the fundamental mode from the IFO to the OMC at the gravitational wave detector-GEO 600.

Until 2011, when the revolutionary sparkle was lit in Homs (Syria), it was a place considered being insignificant or forgotten by most people. Its revolutionary effervescence transformed the city – until then without any major historical events – to an emblematic city and the apocalyptic images of the events were accessed/used by the media and by the local stakeholders thanks to social media. In this context, facing these brutal actions, the role and position of the historian needs to be reconsidered. It forces him/her to review his/her understanding of the past, of his/her choice of source material and their interpretation of them. With the transformation of the field of study into a “battlefield”, the concept of tangible and intangible heritage is renewed. Be it abandoned old stones, disused local expressions or forgotten popular rituals, the people of Homs are rediscovering their city and reclaim their heritage. In this chaos, can the historian continue to dissociate/distance from the events and the emotions. Does the history of Ottoman Homs written in 2007 need to be rewritten?