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This study seeks to evaluate the impact of integrating elements of arts and humanities education into the topic of STEAM on the formation and development of students’ competence. The paper suggests a procedure for teaching STEAM subjects using design thinking approaches. Then, technology-related lessons were covered in practical pedagogical activities for grade 3 pupils at three primary schools in Hai Phong, Vietnam. The findings demonstrate that the suggested STEAM subject teaching methodology is workable and helps students develop eight distinctive behavioural markers of technical competence. As a result, this study offers primary school instructors a strategy for implementing STEAM instruction.

This paper presents a Blockchain-based framework for providing Blockchain services for purposes of stability in terms of consensus protocol infrastructure and governance mechanisms and accessible auxiliary services suitable for the vast majority of current business needs, including fundamental factors such as digital identity with autonomous identity, building solutions to ensure transaction privacy with zero-knowledge proofs, and other services related to digital assets. The proposed framework helps promote digital transformation for businesses, especially small and medium enterprises with limited resources and costs, to apply Blockchain technology to their business models, increasing competitive advantages and assisting the companies in focusing on business logic while still using Blockchain technology in their functions.

Pathological mutations in the LRRK2 gene are the major genetic cause of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although several animal models with either LRRK2 down- or over-expression have been developed, the physiological function of LRRK2 remains elusive. LRRK2 is constitutively expressed in various tissues including neurons and glial cells, but importantly, it is expressed at low levels in dopaminergic neurons, further contributing to the cryptic function of LRRK2. Significant levels of LRRK2 protein and mRNA have been detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, lymph nodes, the spleen, and primary microglia, strongly suggesting the contribution of inflammatory cells to neuronal degeneration. In this research article, using Drosophila LRRK2 models, we were able to demonstrate a significant contribution of glial cells to the LRRK2 pathological phenotype. Furthermore, in Drosophila, neurodegeneration is associated with a significant and important increase in specific inflammatory peptides. Finally, levetiracetam, a compound widely used in human therapy to treat epilepsy, was able to rescue both neuronal degeneration and neuroinflammation.

AbstractElectrical discharge machining (EDM) is a highly regarded method for producing ultra-precise mechanical parts. In this study, the process parameters of die-sinking EDM using copper electrodes and American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) P20 tool steel workpieces are optimized for various output responses. The study surveys three input parameters, including Current (I), Pulse on Time (Ton), and Pulse Off Time (Toff). Some statistical methods, such as Taguchi and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), are applied to find the optimal set of parameters for the output responses, consisting of Material Removal Rate (MRR), Electrode Wear Rate (EWR), and Surface Roughness (SR), and determine the most influential input factor. With the L9 Orthogonal Array (OA), the analytical results demonstrate the optimal parameter set for MRR is I = 6 A, Ton = 120 µs, and Toff = 30 µs, while those optimal values for EWR and SR are I = 2 A, Ton = 120 µs, and Toff = 90 µs and I = 2 A, Ton = 60 µs, and Toff = 30 µs, respectively. The study also indicates that input factor I has the most effect on the output responses, followed by Ton and Toff. Moreover, Grey relational analysis in the Taguchi method is also employed for multi-response optimization. The optimal parameter set for the three output factors is I = 6 A, Ton = 120 µs, and Toff = 60 µs, respectively. In this research, the microstructure and recast layer of the machined surfaces are investigated using optical microscopy as well.

This study aims to examine the impact of brand image on public university links in the context of autonomy in Vietnam. Using quantitative research methods through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the survey data included 631 samples of managers, experts, and scientists at public universities divided by different disciplines. The results of the study showed that the brand image has both a direct and indirect impact on public university links in the context of autonomy through intermediate elements of trust and commitment in the relationship between universities. In addition, trust has also been shown to have a direct impact on commitment in the relationship between public universities in Vietnam in the context of autonomy. In the context of research in Vietnam, the findings of this study have shown both theoretical and practical contributions and will be an important basis for further research.

Abstract Modern fluorescent microscopy imaging is still limited by the optical aberrations and the photon budget available in the specimen. A direct consequence is the necessity to develop flexible and “off-road” algorithms in order to recover structural details and improve spatial resolution, which is critical when restraining the illumination to low levels in order to limit photo-damages. Here, we report SPITFIR(e) a flexible method designed to accurately and quickly restore 2D–3D fluorescence microscopy images and videos (4D images). We designed a generic sparse-promoting regularizer to subtract undesirable out-of-focus background and we developed a primal-dual algorithm for fast optimization. SPITFIR(e) is a ”swiss-knife” method for practitioners as it adapts to any microscopy techniques, to various sources of signal degradation (noise, blur), to variable image contents, as well as to low signal-to-noise ratios. Our method outperforms existing state-of-the-art algorithms, and is more flexible than supervised deep-learning methods requiring ground truth datasets. The performance, the flexibility, and the ability to push the spatiotemporal resolution limit of sub-diffracted fluorescence microscopy techniques are demonstrated on experimental datasets acquired with various microscopy techniques from 3D spinning-disk confocal up to lattice light sheet microscopy.

University autonomy is a necessary condition for the implementation of advanced university governance methods to improve and enhance the quality of training. This study aims to examine the influence of factors on linkage between public universities in the context of university autonomy in Vietnam. Using quantitative research methods, through multiplicative model analysis, with a scale of 528 samples being managers, experts, scientists at public universities which are then divided by different sectors. The results show that there are 5 factors that favorably influence the linkage between public universities in the context of autonomy with the order of influence defined as: Information sharing; Goal consensus; Financial resources; University brand values; Commitment. Based on the research findings, the authors propose a number of recommendations to strengthen the linkages between public universities in the context of university autonomy in Vietnam.

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education has attracted numerous concerns of scholars and governments. In order to implement the school curriculum on the approach of STEM education, the training of in-service teachers plays an important role. This study conducted the transformative perception of Vietnamese in-service teachers in secondary schools towards STEM education after they had participated in the teacher professional development program (TDP) on engineering designed-based approach hold on by the Second Upper Secondary Education Development Project 2. Having two separate online and offline phases, the course was designed under the format of TDP developed by Garet et al. In order to assess participants’ demographics and their perceptions on STEM education, the instrument was generated on the basis of modification from several previous studies upon engineering design-based learning and to adapt the theme of STEM content knowledge (CK) and STEM pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) for in-service teachers. Full data sets were conducted with 150 participants from 11 provinces of Vietnam who had completed all surveys with the help of Google Form at the beginning and the end of TDP’s offline phase. The data were cleaned, then analyzed with SPSS version 20 to assure the validity and reliability. Findings from this study show the positive effectiveness and suitability of the course on the in-service teachers’ attitudes towards STEM education, which consequently allow to suggest the future similar courses design.

This article attempts to examine the factors that affect the mechanism of mobilizing and utilizing financial resources in building new countryside in Vietnam. Based on the primary data gathered from 480 inhabitants, managers and enterprises in Nghe An province and through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and linear regression, the findings show that viewpoint, orientations and objectives of socio-economic development are the most influential factors to the mechanism of the mobilization and utilization of financial resources for new countryside building, followed by structural organization and technical facilities, participating individual’s perception, socio-economic environment and, lastly, specific characteristics of building new countryside.

This paper examines the determinants of technology transfer through international trade in Vietnam by using provincial level data. The paper investigates the similarities and differences between the adoption of technology from OECD and non-OECD countries. The empirical finding shows that the skills of labor force and openness to trade are the most robust determinants of technology adoption at the provincial level. Furthermore, provinces with higher levels of R&D expenditure adopt more technology from OECD countries than do other provinces.

This paper examines how initial inequality and poverty rate are related to subsequent economic growth in the provincial level of Vietnam. The results show a robust negative relationship between initial poverty rate and subsequent economic growth. However, there is no link between initial inequality and subsequent economic growth. The results also show that lower inequality leads to lower poverty rate and poverty reduction could help to reduce inequality. Other determinants of inequality and poverty reduction include human capital, investment, gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate and trade openness. The main policy implication that emerges from this paper is that concentrating on poverty elimination will help us build a more equitable society without sacrificing economic growth.

The study (a) assesses the life cycle energy consumption and air emissions impacts of battery electric buses (e-buses) and conventional buses operated in Vietnam, and (b) compares them with those of hydrogen buses. The results indicate that e-buses and hydrogen buses are preferred options compared to conventional buses in terms of energy consumption, GHG emissions and other air quality impacts over their whole life cycle. Life cycle energy consumption of diesel buses is triple that of e-buses, and is significantly higher than that of hydrogen buses. Replacing conventional buses with e-buses can reduce energy consumption by 50%. For GHG emissions and air quality impacts, the adoption of electric and hydrogen mobility in replacement of conventional buses will reduce GHG emissions by 39%, and other impacts related to air quality by 13% to 90%.

Aim. Causes, clinical features, and diagnostic approaches for small bowel (SB) bleeding were analyzed to derive recommendations in dealing with this clinical condition. Methods. We included 54 patients undergoing surgical treatment for SB bleeding, from January 2009 to December 2019. Detailed clinical data, diagnosis procedures, and causes of bleeding were collected. Results. Among 54 cases with SB bleeding, the most common causes were tumors (64.8%), followed by angiopathy (14.8%), ulcers (9.3%), diverticula (5.6%), tuberculosis (3.7%), and enteritis (1.9%). Most tumors (32/35 cases, 91.4%) and vascular lesions (8/8 cases, 100%) were located in the jejunum. The incidence of tumors was higher in the older (30/41 cases, 73.1%) than that in patients younger than 40 years of age (5/13 cases, 38.5%, P

Abstract Background Over the last two decades, an innovative technology called Tissue Microarray (TMA), which combines multi-tissue and DNA microarray concepts, has been widely used in the field of histology. It consists of a collection of several (up to 1000 or more) tissue samples that are assembled onto a single support – typically a glass slide – according to a design grid (array) layout, in order to allow multiplex analysis by treating numerous samples under identical and standardized conditions. However, during the TMA manufacturing process, the sample positions can be highly distorted from the design grid due to the imprecision when assembling tissue samples and the deformation of the embedding waxes. Consequently, these distortions may lead to severe errors of (histological) assay results when the sample identities are mismatched between the design and its manufactured output. The development of a robust method for de-arraying TMA, which localizes and matches TMA samples with their design grid, is therefore crucial to overcome the bottleneck of this prominent technology. Results In this paper, we propose an Automatic, fast and robust TMA De-arraying (ATMAD) approach dedicated to images acquired with brightfield and fluorescence microscopes (or scanners). First, tissue samples are localized in the large image by applying a locally adaptive thresholding on the isotropic wavelet transform of the input TMA image. To reduce false detections, a parametric shape model is considered for segmenting ellipse-shaped objects at each detected position. Segmented objects that do not meet the size and the roundness criteria are discarded from the list of tissue samples before being matched with the design grid. Sample matching is performed by estimating the TMA grid deformation under the thin-plate model. Finally, thanks to the estimated deformation, the true tissue samples that were preliminary rejected in the early image processing step are recognized by running a second segmentation step. Conclusions We developed a novel de-arraying approach for TMA analysis. By combining wavelet-based detection, active contour segmentation, and thin-plate spline interpolation, our approach is able to handle TMA images with high dynamic, poor signal-to-noise ratio, complex background and non-linear deformation of TMA grid. In addition, the deformation estimation produces quantitative information to asset the manufacturing quality of TMAs.

The recent surge of the Fourth Industrial Revolution has set forth demands for a new generation of the labor force with a comprehensive set of skills to meet the standards of the global market. Despite widespread concerns about educational reforms and renovations to enhance the workforce capacity in terms of information and communication technology (ICT) skills, research into the digital proficiencies of students has been limited in Vietnam. This dataset contains 1061 observations on the digital competency level of 10th-grade students in 20 surveyed schools from five provinces in Vietnam. The investigation, joining frequentist and Bayesian analyses, aims to provide valuable insights into the current state of children’s attitudes, behaviors, competency levels, and use of ICT within the Vietnamese educational context. The values of the dataset lie in its proposed scientific framework for replication in multiple regions and contexts as well as the feasibility of categorical regression techniques together with Bayesian statistics for hierarchical regression analysis.

Recently, the fabrication of nonvolatile memory devices based on gold nanoparticles has been intensively investigated. In this work, we report on the design and synthesis of new semiconducting quaterthiophene incorporating hexyl thiol group (4TT). Gold nanoparticles capped with 4TT (4TTG) were prepared in a two-phase liquid-liquid system. These nanoparticles have diameters in the range 2–6 nm and are well dispersed in the poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) host matrix. The intermolecular interaction between 4TT and P3HT could enhance the charge-transport between gold nanoparticles and P3HT. Transfer curve of transistor memory device made of 4TTG/P3HT hybrid film exhibited significant current hysteresis, probably arising from the energy level barrier at 4TTG/P3HT interface. Additionally, the polymer memory resistor structure with an active layer consisting of 4TTG and P3HT displayed a remarkable electrical bistable behavior.