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This review presents the case of a 9-year-old patient who reported headaches and unilateral nasal obstruction, without fever, and with a generally preserved condition. An endoscopic examination revealed a polypoid fleshy mass in the left nasal cavity, along with purulent secretions reaching the inferior turbinate. These findings prompted a facial CT scan to assess the nature of the lesion and the extent of infiltration into surrounding structures. A biopsy and histological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma in the nasal sinuses, a rare occurrence in children. The unusual presentation of this case makes it worthy of sharing.

Abstract Cauda equina syndrome is a surgical emergency caused by the compression of the lumbosacral nerves. The most frequent cause is discal herniation, while tumoral pathology in this region is rare, and congenital processes are less common. We report the case of a young 37-year-old male patient, admitted to the emergency room with an incomplete cauda equina syndrome. As medical history, a lumbar surgery 15 years ago was reported with no documentation. An MRI was performed, revealing a mass within the filum terminal exhibiting three components suggestive of a dermoid cyst accompanying a split cord malformation, which was confirmed by pathology. Various disorders may be associated to intradural dermoid cyst, such as lipoma, low-lying cord, hydromyelia or thick filum. Surgery is the treatment of choice, and MRI plays a crucial role in detecting associated abnormalities and determining surgery priorities.

The primary malignant melanoma of the parotid is a rare and complex clinical entity, posing numerous diagnostic challenges due to the absence of melanin in the tumor and its histological similarities with other poorly differentiated lesions. Accurate diagnosis often requires advanced imaging techniques and immunohistochemical procedures to identify specific melanoma markers. Therapeutically, total parotidectomy with simultaneous cervical dissection is frequently recommended, although approaches combining surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or even immunotherapy are also being explored. Despite these advancements, malignant parotid melanoma continues to be associated with a grim prognosis, emphasizing the importance of ongoing research to improve therapeutic options and understanding of this rare pathology.

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a clonal histiocytic proliferation characterized by large S100 positive histiocytes with variable emperipolesis. Extranodal locations were confirmed with the central nervous system or the meninges involvement in less than 5% of cases, which is marked as a significant differential diagnosis of meningiomas in radiological and intra-operative pathological examination. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry are the keys to definitive diagnosis. We present a case of bifocal Rosai-Dorfman disease in a 26-year-old man, mimicking Lymphoplasmacyte-rich Meningioma. This case allows us to demonstrate the diagnosis pitfalls encountered in this localization.

Primary pleuropulmonary synovial sarcoma is extremely rare. The diagnosis can only be made after having eliminated an extrapleuropulmonary localization in the past and at the time of diagnosis. Our presentation is about a 40-year-old woman having a cough and dyspnea since three weeks ago; imaging had showed a left pleurisy with pleuropulmonary process. Histological study of the biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of pleuropulmonary synovial sarcoma. PET-SCAN had not identified any extrathoracic localization. This tumor is known for its aggressive nature and high risk of metastasis. Its primitive character is retained following a diagnostic procedure of exclusion. Surgical treatment remains the best therapeutic tool when it is technically feasible; otherwise the prognosis is often unfortunate. In this paper, we report a case of primary pleuropulmonary synovial sarcoma. Through this case, we present a rare disease that is often difficult to diagnose.

Xanthogranulomatous prostatitis is a rare benign inflammatory process of the prostate. Only few cases have been reported in the English literature. Xanthogranulomatous prostatitis is usually an incidental finding after needle biopsy or transurethral resection of the prostate in patients suffering from low urinary tract symptoms. We report the case of a 59-years-old patient diagnosed with prostatic abscess managed by transurethral resection of the prostate. Histopathological examination of resected prostatic tissue revealed abscessed xanthogranulomatous prostatitis with no evidence of malignancy. Xanthogranulomatous prostatitis presenting as a prostatic abscess is a rare finding. To the best of our knowledge our case represents the fourth case of xanthogranulomatous prostatitis presenting as prostatic abscess reported in the English literature so far.