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IntroductionThis study delves into the influence of perceived teacher caring on the wellbeing of Chinese English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students, with a specific focus on the potential mediating effect of grit. With a sample size of 748 EFL students hailing from diverse Chinese universities, we aimed to shed light on the connections between perceived teacher caring, student wellbeing, and the mediating factor of grit.MethodsTo address our research questions, we collected data through self-report questionnaires that gauged perceived teacher caring, student wellbeing, and levels of grit. By utilizing structural equation modeling, we were able to rigorously assess both the direct and indirect impacts of teacher caring on student wellbeing.ResultsOur analysis uncovered a noteworthy and positive correlation between perceived teacher caring and student wellbeing. Furthermore, our findings indicated that grit plays a significant mediating role in this relationship. This suggests that students who exhibit higher levels of grit are more inclined to experience heightened levels of wellbeing.DiscussionThe outcomes of this study underscore the significance of nurturing positive teacher-student relationships within the EFL context. The identification of grit as a mediator emphasizes its role in fostering enhanced student wellbeing. These findings collectively emphasize the intertwined nature of teacher caring, grit, and student wellbeing. Educators should consider these insights for their teaching practices, while researchers can use this study as a foundation for further investigations in this domain.

Summary: Easy regenerability of core components such as electrode and electrolyte is highly required in advanced electrochemical devices. This work reports a reliable, regenerable, and stretchable hydrogel electrolyte based on ionic bonds between polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyallylamine (PAH). PAA-PAH electrolyte (1M LiCl addition) exhibits high ionic conductivity (0.050 S·cm-1) and excellent mechanical property (fracture strain of 1,688%). Notably, the electrolyte can be regenerated to any desired shape under mild conditions and remains 96% and 90% of the initial ionic conductivity after the first and second regeneration, respectively. PAA-PAH/LiCl-based supercapacitor exhibits nearly 100% capacitance retention upon rolling, stretching, and 5,000 charge-discharge cycles, whereas the regenerated device holds 97.6% capacitance of the initial device and 90.9% after 5,000 cycles. This low-cost, high-efficiency, and regenerable hydrogel electrolyte reveals very promising use in solid-state/flexible supercapacitors and possibly becomes a standard commercial hydrogel electrolyte for sustainable electrochemical energy devices.