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This study investigates the influence of coffee tourist attractions (CTA) on the visit intentions of Generation Y and Generation Z. Utilizing a quantitative research framework, surveys were conducted to assess how product quality, service quality, and atmospheric of coffee shops as tourist destinations. The sample consisted of 314 respondents from Yogyakarta, including both generations. The results demonstrate that both Generation Y and Z are significantly influenced by the quality of products, services, and coffee shop atmosphere with Generation Y placing greater emphasis on personal recommendations and traditional marketing, while Generation Z relies more on digital interactions and social media. These findings highlight the importance of tailored marketing strategies to effectively attract each generational cohort. The study concludes that enhancing product quality, service, and atmosphere of coffee shops can positively impact their attractiveness as tourist destinations for both Generation Y and Z.

The rise of digital technology and social media platforms has made traditional marketing approaches less effective in capturing the attention of the tech-savvy Generation Y. There has been an increased interest in guerrilla marketing tactics, which employ unconventional strategies to engage consumers. This study investigated the impact of guerrilla marketing, brand image, and brand awareness on the purchasing decisions of Generation Y consumers. The study adopted the Hierarchy-of-Effects Theory and conducted an empirical study the following constructs: viral marketing, ambush marketing, buzz marketing, street graphics marketing, brand awareness, brand image, and purchase decision. Data was collected from 442 Generation Y respondents in Thailand. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to analyse the model and construct's reliability. At the same time, the partial least squares structural equation modelling technique was adopted to explore the relationship of the study constructs. The results indicated that the purchase decision of Generation Y was significantly influenced by ambush marketing, buzz marketing, and street graphics marketing. The research revealed that brand image and brand awareness exerted a substantial impact on purchase decisions and served as key mediators in the relationship between guerrilla marketing and purchase decisions among Generation Y. The study emphasised the importance of guerrilla marketing techniques and leverage of the power of social media to influence purchase behaviour. Marketing managers should consider these techniques to attract Generation Y.

This article discusses part of a qualitative study carried out among representatives of four generations (the traditionalist generation, baby boomers, generation X, and generation Y), which reveals intergenerational differences in the way the ageing human body is perceived and the body practices to which it is currently exposed. Using the category of generations and assuming that the human body is a social construct resulting from the process of the socialisation of the biological – a symbolic form reflecting the rules, social hierarchies and cultural obligations binding in a given society and at a given historical moment, the article proposes an answer to the question: how does the moment of life of representatives of different generations, and thus the socio-cultural conditions defining selected generations of Polish men and women, determine the way in which the appearance of the body of contemporary seniors is interpreted? The collected material allows us to perceive generational differences (in the chosen topic), while the literature used helps to interpret the results of the study.

The purpose of this study is to explain the differences in online shopping behaviour of generation X, Y and Z consumers in Denpasar City and Badung Regency Bali as measured by consumer personal aspects such as trust, convenience, comfort, security and marketing strategy aspects consisting of product quality, price promos, features and services. The population in this study is the X, Y and Z generation consumer groups in Denpasar City and Badung Regency who have shopped online. The sample size used was 180 respondents, who were taken using the Purposive Sampling method. The analysis technique used is descriptive statistical analysis and Anova (Analysis of Variance). The results of this study indicate that there are differences in online shopping behaviour between generations X, Y and Z, especially from the variable ease of use of applications and online shopping service features. This fact is expected to be a study for online shopping site owners in order to design the right strategy to foster online shopping behaviour in the generational groups they serve. The output of this research is an article published in an accredited national journal or international journal with a level 3 Technology Readiness Level (TKT). This TKT is limited to proving the concept of differences in consumer perceptions of generations X, Y and Z towards online shopping behaviour.

This study explores the differences in perceived motivation levels between managers and Generation Y knowledge workers. Using data collected from 275 Generation Y employees and 95 managers, the research examines if these differences are statistically significant. The findings suggest that managers tend to have a more positive perception of employee motivation levels compared to the employees' self-perception. The study highlights the need for aligning managerial perceptions with the reality experienced by employees to improve overall motivation and performance within organizations.

The present research aims to provide evidence, from a statistical point of view, of the relationship between the education level of individuals and their associated living standard. The study is based on correlation analysis, which is able to highlight the association between the two elements of interest and, at the same time, to show the strength of their relationship. Additionally, the correlation analysis will be conducted both for Generation Y and Generation Z. Presenting the correlation results in comparison with the two types of Generation will facilitate finding similarities or differences between Generations. The analysis considers 14 European countries and uses two ways of referring to the living standard in accordance with the scientific literature. Among the key findings, there is one in particular to be mentioned: the level of education does matter more for Generation Z as compared to Generation Y in having a higher living standard. The limits of the analysis and future research directions are mentioned in the conclusions.

Purpose: This research examines the effect of self-efficacy on the transfer of training, with career commitment as a moderating variable, focusing on Millennials. Method: The study employs a quantitative research method conducted in Indonesia’s three largest metropolitan areas: Jakarta, Surabaya, and Bandung. Data were collected directly from primary sources using questionnaires distributed to 100 selected respondents. Responses were measured on a five-point Likert scale. The sampling technique applied was non-probability sampling with a purposive method. The collected data were analyzed using statistical Partial Least Squares (PLS). Result: The findings reveal that self-efficacy significantly affects both career commitment and the transfer of training in both Gen Y.1 and Gen Y.2. Interestingly, the effect of career commitment on the transfer of training varies between the two groups. Among Gen Y.2, career commitment significantly impacts the transfer of training. However, in Gen Y.1, career commitment, while showing a positive trend, does not have a statistically significant effect on the transfer of training. Novelty: While previous research has explored factors influencing training transfer, this study introduces a novel perspective by focusing specifically on Millennials, who represent Indonesia's dominant workforce. It highlights the unique generational characteristics of Generation Y and their impact on training effectiveness. This focus is particularly relevant as Millennials are poised to drive Indonesia’s economic growth by 2030.

Abstract Background Job satisfaction has garnered significant interest across multiple disciplines as it plays a vital role in shaping human resource strategies. In the field of nursing, enhancing job satisfaction can help prevent workforce shortages. Work values and job-related characteristics are significant predictors of job satisfaction. However, the influence of factors may change as younger generations join the nursing workforce. Although research on generational commonalities and differences in work values is increasing, there is insufficient information on generational differences in the interplay between work values and job satisfaction. This study investigated the factors associated with job satisfaction of new nurses in each generational group based on a work value perspective. Methods A total of 280 new nurses (151 from Generation Y and 129 from Generation Z) were selected from the Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with job satisfaction in both groups. Results Most participants graduated with a diploma (61.1%), were paid less than the average salary of each group (60.4%), and conducted shift (72.9%) and overtime work (64.3%). Work values and job satisfaction levels were not significantly different between the two groups. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that career growth and task work values were associated with job satisfaction for Generation Z, while task, reputation, and environment work values were associated with job satisfaction for Generation Y. Among the job-related characteristics, nurses’ job tenure was associated with job satisfaction in both groups; salary and overtime had varying relationships with job satisfaction between the two generations. Conclusions Understanding generational differences is crucial for improving the effective management of new generational nurses. Our study findings support that different work value dimensions and job-related characteristics were associated with job satisfaction in each generation. Accordingly, it is essential to develop distinct initiatives, such as a well-structured program, to support the continued career growth of the new Generation Z nurses, thereby enhancing their job satisfaction. Furthermore, providing a conducive working environment that helps new-generation nurses overcome challenges and ensures personal lives should be considered.

Objective: The purpose of the article is to answer the following questions: What are the problems faced by university managers responsible for managing multigenerational work teams? Is it possible, and if so, what are good practices in integrating the potential of multigenerational teams of employees? What is the overall assessment of multigenerational teams – do university executives see them as an opportunity or a burden? Research Design & Methods: Qualitative research in the form of a case study was carried out. This method included seven individual interviews with executives at the Faculty of Organization and Management at Lodz University of Technology. Findings: Executives at the selected university identify various types of problems in managing multigenerational teams, while recognising opportunities to integrate the potential inherent in age-diverse teams. Respondents are mostly positive about intergenerational teams, but they also note some difficulties for managers related to having a multigenerational team. Implications / Recommendations: The role of people responsible for leading multigenerational teams is becoming increasingly demanding. Striving to achieve equal involvement of representatives of all generations in the work is one of the most difficult challenges faced by university managers today. The effort, however, is worth making, as any diversity can positively influence the team and foster improvements in knowledge management. Contribution: The article adds to the characterisation of each generation of employees with aspects from a knowledge management perspective.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to identify the experiences of Generation Y employees of remote work and to identify the key factors that, in their opinion, develop or limit its effectiveness and efficiency. Research Design & Methods: The authors carried out a questionnaire (CAWI) which was filled in by 304 respondents from Generation Y who worked remotely during COVID-19. Descriptive statistics measurements were used in the analysis. The original questionnaire was based on two measurement scales: ordinal on the Likert scale and nominal (binary and categorical). Then, the two-way data analysis method was used. Due to the nominal nature of the variables, frequency and percentage statistics were used in the statistical evaluation. For variables on the Likert scale, measures of descriptive statistics were used. In addition, hierarchical clustering analysis was used as part of the conducted research. Quantitative research was supplemented by unstructured interviews, conducted with eight HR Business Partners. Findings: The obtained results made it possible to conclude that workers from Gen Y have adapted quite well to remote work and were very involved in the workplace when working remotely. Unfortunately, they were also overworked and tired. Gen Y strive to effectively perform their duties, regardless of whether they work on location or from home. Implications / Recommendations: The experience of remote work gained by organisations and employees during the pandemic was an opportunity to implement innovative solutions, suitable for pandemic and post-pandemic conditions of the functioning of enterprises in the remote work era. Contribution: The article recognises and analyses the experiences of employees from the Y Generation who are professionally active, working remotely during COVID-19. The value of the study is the presentation of two perspectives on the experience of switching to a different mode of work organisation – remote mode. Conclusions drawn from the empirical research have an application value primarily for leaders, managers, and supporting departments, such as HRM.

Orientation: This study is positioned within the field of positive organisational behaviour. Research purpose: The study explored job embeddedness, leadership, job resources, satisfaction with pay and supportive organisational climate as antecedents of intention to quit among the Generation Y employees within the information technology (IT) sector. Motivation for the study: Knowledge about why Generation Y individuals in the IT sector intend to quit their jobs will assist managers in facilitating their retention. Research approach/design and method: The study utilised a mixed methods approach, using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The results of the qualitative phase confirmed the variables identified as antecedents during the literature overview. In the quantitative phase, the measurement model as well as the proposed structural model were empirically evaluated. A total of 270 usable questionnaires were analysed. Main findings: A factorially derived model identified satisfaction with benefits, job embeddedness, supportive organisational climate and transformational leadership as antecedents to intention to quit explaining 40% of the variance. Transformational leadership, social support, job security, supportive organisational climate and satisfaction with benefits explained 60% of the variance in job embeddedness. Practical/managerial implications: The study offers recommendations aimed at increasing employees’ satisfaction with benefits, facilitating their embeddedness, increasing the supportiveness of the organisation and leadership skills training. Contribution/value-add: The study contributes to the existing theory about job embeddedness and intention to quit. It offers recommendations for future research, as well as practical interventions.

One of the leading areas of Polish research addressed in the physical culture sciences, is the declining interest in physical activity. The likely reason for this situation may be the inadequate communication of physical culture to today's generations: BB (baby boomers), X (great unknowns), Y (millennials), Z (snowflakes), Alpha (digital). Therefore, the aim of this article is to address the problem of declining interest in physical activity in Poland by identifying the appropriate approach of teachers, trainers and instructors to today's generations. The specifics of BB, X, Y, Z and Alpha generations are described and their expectations regarding physical activity are indicated. It was concluded that activating these social groups should be done by prompting topics that are important to them. Thus, BB value organizational stability, X need to see the purposefulness and attractiveness of the activities, Y equate physical activity with personal development, Z only take up useful forms of activities, and finally Alpha like smart technology-assisted activities.

Abstract Background Dermatology teaching is fundamental for the promotion of young colleagues in our specialty. However, traditional teaching methods are being scrutinized by students of the ‘Generation Y and Z’, which can pose new challenges for teaching institutions. We therefore aimed to assess the motivational impact and reception of a newly created four-week curriculum containing modernized teaching methods integrated into clinical routine. Methods In this single-center study, 67 medical students completed this curriculum composed of weekly learning objectives including knowledge of morphological terms, 10 common dermatoses, communication and presentation skills. The participants provided information on their level of interest in dermatology each week as well as positive and negative aspects of the curriculum. Results During the curriculum a significant median increase in interest in dermatology was reported with no differences between the genders. Low initial interest could be improved, high initial interest maintained. Participants with an interest in scientific work (20.9%) were more motivated during the curriculum. The variety, quality of teaching and structure were the main aspects rated positively. Suggestions for improvement included the need for more teaching by senior doctors, transfer of responsibility, and a working environment updated to the latest technology standards. Conclusion The presented curriculum was well received by the participants and allowed to better define learning preferences of new generations which can be helpful to modernize traditional teaching methods. Interest in scientific work could be a factor to identify students with a particularly strong interest in dermatology.

Abstract Background Workforce shortage in healthcare and particularly in physicians poses a threat to healthcare delivery and its quality. In comparison to other OECD countries, Israel currently has a small number of medical graduates relative to its number of physicians, naturally emphasizing the importance of ensuring that this population chooses to remain in medicine. Understanding what is most important to medical students can help improve working conditions in residency. Such information is particularly needed to facilitate policy planning that will encourage the next generation of physicians to specialize in medical fields that are experiencing shortages. We hypothesized that between 2009/2010 and 2020, there were significant changes in medical students' preferences regarding their considerations for choosing a medical specialty. Methods We compared cross-sectional data from questionnaire-based surveys of 5th year medical students performed in 2009–2010 and 2020 at two Israeli universities. Results Of the 335 medical students who responded (237 and 98 in 2009/2010 and 2020, respectively) those in 2020 were 2.26 less likely vs. those in 2009/2010, to choose a residency for its high-paying potential (P

The Metaverse, a transformation of the internet by XR-technologies progressively blending the digital and physical world, is already changing our social structures. The success of VR-headsets like Quest has made both virtual worlds and the “metaverse” ubiquitous. This technological evolution yields the potential to fundamentally change the way we communicate, live, and work together. At the same time, the perceptions of how these worlds affect our lives differ considerably. To that end, this study investigates the perceptions of 115 younger people from the generations Y and Z, the potential “power users” of virtual worlds. In addition, it investigates differences in perception between non-academics and academics. We looked at perceived knowledge, preferred usage scenarios, interaction with avatars and embodiment, perceived problems and challenges, personal worries, solutions for safeguarding, and institutions to drive safeguarding. While generation Y and Z are often aligned, it is a major finding that in the cases they differ, the younger generation Z is more skeptical. Likewise, non-academics are more skeptical than academics. Finally, we found differences in perception related to gender and provide possible explanations and recommended actions.

The ‘retail apocalypse’ has disrupted traditional retail, forcing retailers to find innovative ways to reach customers. As Millennials are a significant and growing consumer demographic with a relatively high purchasing power, it is essential for shopping centres to attract them. This study aimed to identify the place marketing factors that impact shopping centre patronage among Millennials. An exploratory research design was used, and data was collected by means of four focus group sessions with 40 participants, who were selected using purposive sampling. The data was analysed using the Morse and Field approach and Atlas.ti 23, and rigour was ensured by confirming Guba’s criteria. The findings indicate that Millennials are attracted to shopping centres through a variety of shops and products, location, and product engagement. Additionally, the findings suggest that desired place marketing factors for Millennials include design, parking, entertainment, hygiene, staff, signage, bathrooms, and safety. In contrast, insufficient parking, low levels of hygiene, overcrowding, safety, insufficient staff, and car guards discourage Millennials from visiting shopping centres. Although the study only represents the opinions of Millennials aged 18 to 35, excluding those aged 16 and 17, for ethical reasons, it is the first to investigate the place marketing factors that affect this generational cohort’s patronage of shopping centres in South Africa. Shopping centres can remain relevant and increase footfall and sales by appealing to Millennials and their preferences in the rapidly evolving retail landscape.

The fashion apparel industry constitutes a significant global economic force. Generation Y consumers represent a sought after target market to this industry as they are forecasted to have a disposable income outrivaling that of previous generations. Generation Y individuals are acknowledged as being amenable to the opinions of social media influencers, particularly those expressed by celebrity influencers, who often act as aspirational referents. Despite reports highlighting the relevance of the social media influencer strategy when targeting Generation Y, there remains a paucity of research on influencer marketing. Therefore, this study aims to ascertain the antecedents of Generation Y consumers’ perceived utility of celebrity influencers’ Instagram fashion apparel content and consequent fashion brand predispositions and purchase intentions. Fieldwork yielded 334 questionnaires from a convenience sample of Generation Y students registered at two universities in South Africa; data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings indicate that informational value, entertainment value, and trustworthiness account for more than 50% of the variance in Generation Y consumers’ perceptions of the utility of celebrity influencers’ Instagram fashion content. In turn, perceived utility, in conjunction with its determinants, accounts for 70% of the variance in their predispositions toward showcased fashion apparel brands, which collectively accounts for 65% of the total variance in their intentions to purchase those brands. These findings highlight celebrity influencers’ salient role in Generation Y consumers’ fashion brand choices and the necessity of incorporating celebrity influencer appeal into fashion apparel marketing communication strategies designed to engage with this generation.

ÖZ: Bu çalışmanın amacı yıkıcı liderlik davranışları olarak sınıflandırılan kötü niyetli denetim, baskı ve zorbalık, engelleme, hiyerarşik istismar, kendini öne çıkarma ve olumsuz mentorluk davranışlarını Y ve Z kuşağı gözüyle anlamaya çalışmaktır. Başka bir deyişle yıkıcı liderlik davranışlarının kuşaklar arasında nasıl çalıştığını ve takipçilerin söz konusu olumsuz davranışları nasıl algıladığını ortaya koymaktır. İlave olarak Y ve Z kuşak takipçilerin bireysel özelliklerinin, çevrelerinin ve bağlamsal özelliklerinin algı, deneyim ve davranışlarını nasıl etkilediğini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaca uygun olarak araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemi, olgu bilim deseni ve odak grup görüşme tekniği benimsenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında 7 Y kuşak takipçi, 5 Z kuşak takipçi olmak üzere toplamda 12 katılımcının görüş ve deneyimleri irdelenmiştir. Araştırmada öne çıkan yıkıcı liderlik davranışlarının başında kötü niyetli denetim gelmektedir. Başka bir deyişle her iki kuşak katılımcı da kötü niyetli denetim deneyimine maruz kalmıştır. Bununla birlikte kuşakların kötü niyetli denetim algısı birbirinden farklıdır. Baskı ve zorbalık öne çıkan ikinci yıkıcı liderlik davranışı olurken, liderin kendini öne çıkarma davranışı üçüncü yıkıcı davranış olarak belirmektedir. Çalışmada katılımcılar, olumsuz liderlik davranışlarına ilişkin görüş ve deneyimlerini ortaya koyarken; Y kuşağı ve Z kuşağı katılımcıların söz konusu davranışı algılama ve yönetme biçiminin de farklı olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Başka bir deyişle Y kuşağı karakteristik özellikleri çalışma yaşamına ve liderlik algısına etki ederken, benzer biçimde Z kuşağının karakteristik özellikleri de söz konusu kuşağın iş yapış biçimine ve liderlik algısına doğrudan etki etmektedir. ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to try to understand close supervision, pressure and bullying, blocking, hierarchical abuse, self-promotion and negative mentoring behaviors classified as destructive leadership behaviors through the eyes of generation Y and Z. In other words, it is to reveal how destructive leadership behaviors work between generations and how followers perceive these negative behaviors. In addition, it aims to reveal how the individual characteristics, environmental and contextual characteristics of generation Y and Z followers affect their perception, experience and behavior. In accordance with this purpose, qualitative research method, phenomenologic design and focus group interview technique were adopted in the research. Within the scope of the research, the opinions and experiences of a total of 12 participants, including 7 Y generation followers, 5 Z generation followers, were examined. Leadership behaviours emerged in the research is close supervision. In other words, both generations of participants were exposed to the experience of close supervision. However, the perception of close supervision of generations is different from each other. Pressure and bullying are the second prominent destructive leadership behavior, while the leader's selfpromotion behavior appears as the third destructive behavior. In the study, while the participants revealed their opinions and experiences about negative leadership behaviors, it turned out that the way generation Y and generation Z participants perceive and manage this behavior is also different. In other words, while the characteristic features of generation Y affect the working life and the perception of leadership, similarly, the characteristic features of generation Z directly affect the way this generation does business and the perception of leadership.

Objective: This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the employer value proposition of ethical and sustainable companies and the effective digital media channels that sustainable companies can use to attract and communicate with Generation Y and Z candidates. Design/Methods/Approach: The PRISMA systematic literature review method was combined with content analysis of selected articles from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The selected articles were limited to those published within the last six years and in English. Findings: This study found that sustainable companies need to offer a corporate value proposition that prioritizes clear career progression, work-life balance, a supportive work atmosphere, and ethical aspects, such as reducing carbon footprint and promoting diversity and inclusion. These values are essential to Generations Y and Z, although the priority dimensions of their value propositions may differ. Companies utilize Digital media channels, including owned digital media, paid digital media by using paid endorsers or enhanced profiles on career websites, and earned digital media such as honest reviews on job board platforms and private social media from employees. Originality/Value: This review adds to the existing literature by comprehensively discussing the combined issues of employer value proposition, generational differences, and sustainability. Practical/Policy implication: This review's findings have implications for business and research practice, as sustainable companies can use this information to develop the most relevant corporate value propositions and communication strategies for future targeted talent. Companies can attract and retain top personnel and establish a positive employer brand by effectively communicating their sustainability practices and values. Additional empirical research could investigate the impact of other demographic and psychographic factors on the preferences and priorities of job seekers.

The current research reports on a pilot study that was conducted to test the feasibility of a larger study exploring a leadership development program at a small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) in the ICT (Infocommunications) sector in Hungary. The study employed a mixed-methods approach to data collection, which included literature review, document analysis, and structured interviews with various participants involved in the leadership development program. The literature review focused on the history, current state, existing gaps and limitations, and theoretical frameworks and concepts related to the research topic. The document analysis aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of the research topic and complement the findings from the literature review. The structured interviews were designed to be consistent and standardized, with a pre-determined set of questions asked to each participant. The interviews were conducted with a diverse group of participants, including the CEO, People Development Manager, Hiring managers, Domain Engineering Leads, the Human Resources team, and participants of the leadership development program. The current research is a smaller-scale version of a full-scale study (also called a “feasibility” study), as well as the pre-testing of a particular research instrument, in our case, document analysis and interview schedule. Pilot researches are a crucial element of a good study design, as it does not guarantee success in the main study, but it does increase the likelihood of success. (Polit et al., 2001, Teijlingen et al., 2001) The paper also discusses the importance of leadership in the ICT sector, citing a survey of Society for Information Management members that identified leadership as the most important soft skill for employees in the sector. The article notes that understanding the preferences of different generations at the workplace is essential to create an effective leadership development program. Out of the total number of employees, 52 currently work in the company’s software development division, and the preferences and motivations of these employees will be a critical factor in designing a successful program. The paper concludes by stressing the importance of pilot studies in research and how they increase the likelihood of success in the main study. The study’s authors hope that the results of this pilot study will provide insight into the characteristics of a leadership development program and assist in developing a more extensive study on the topic.

The purpose of this paper was to determine the factors that influence the purchasing behaviour of Generation X and Y sports apparel consumers in Johannesburg. This was achieved by using the theory of planned behaviour. Understanding why customers buy specific products presents an opportunity for companies to design marketing communications strategies that will ensure more customer buying decisions. Quantitative research methods were used in this study. In total, 70 responses were obtained. Based on the proposed research model, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control were found to have a positive influence on attitude. Also, it was found that attitude has a positive influence on purchase intention. The study recommended that managers and marketers of sports apparel companies use experts in the field to run their promotional campaigns. Furthermore, they need to make it easy for their consumers to access sports apparel and provide them with enough information so that their consumption is informed by knowledge. Moreover, managers and marketers need to create favourable consumer attitudes towards their products or brands by using reputable celebrities to endorse them and genuinely engage in charitable initiatives.

Negative and positive views on service and brand quality are generally shared on various social media platforms and are categorised as user-generated content (UGC). Both negative and positive UGC can either damage or enhance a company’s reputation or consumer-based brand equity, and this may ultimately have an impact on the organisations financial performance. This study sought to examine whether UGC does influence consumer-based brand perceptions, and if so, to determine whether negative or positive UGC exerted the most influence on these perceptions. The data for the study was collected using a mono-method quantitative research approach, which included a sample of 513 Generation Y respondents who completed self-administered online questionnaires distributed using Survey Monkey. Data analysis was based on both descriptive and regression models using SPSS version 27. As its major result, the study found that UGC does exert an influence on consumer-based brand equity, while positive UGC exerted a more significant influence than negative UGC. Similarly, both positive and negative UGC had an influence on other brand equity elements, such as brand credibility, brand loyalty and purchase intentions. From a policy perspective, it is imperative for companies to implement strategies or interventions in the form of promotional and information campaigns that enhance positive UGC while at the same time countering negative UGC that is damaging to the business.

The slow food movement, a new gastronomic trend, arisen as a striking response to negative impacts of globalization with three principles of “Good, Fair and Clean. Community-based tourism covers a variety of local culture, especially local food products, services, and experiences. As the generation Y cohort represents a significant market for tourists, this article aims to explore the connection between slow food principle and community-based tourism, and evaluate slow food attributes that need to be improved related to Gen Y perspective. A questionnaire was used to collect data with 385 respondents. Five steps of the importance-performance analysis were evaluated to acquire reliability and validity issues. The findings imply the slow food principle associated with CBT food-related activities with high level of perceived importance and performance. The results of IPA reveal that the quality of food in CBT destination needs to be urgently managed to establish a memorable experience. A collaboration among CBT enterprises, government, private sector, and marketers to strengthen public awareness about slow food could be one of steppingstone toward sustainable development and healthy food culture.

Customer loyalty and trust are key elements for the success of retail banking. For this reason, it is crucial to investigate the predictors of these elements. This study aims to model service quality, customer satisfaction, and commitment influencing customer loyalty and trust in South African retail banking. The target population is a growing banking customer segment – Generation Y. A sample of 271 Generation Y customers participated in the survey. Their responses were analyzed using AMOS, whereby a structural equation model was developed. Although the structural model suggests that service quality (β = 0.097; p = 0.175) is an insignificant predictor of customer loyalty in retail banking, the influence remains positive. Moreover, the model infers that customer satisfaction (β = 0.793; p = 0.001) predicts customer loyalty in retail banking and that customer satisfaction (β = 0.715; p = 0.001) and commitment (β = 0.257; p = 0.001) influence trust in retail banking. All the model fit indices (NFI = 0.95; RFI = 0.92; IFI = 0.97; TLI = 0.96; CFI = 0.97; RMSEA = 0.06; SRMR = 0.03) infer that the model is reliable, valid, and ultimately good fitting measurement tool of customer loyalty and trust in retail banking. The results provide insights into the most critical factors in building customer loyalty and trust among Generation Y customers in South African retail banking. Moreover, they can help to develop marketing and customer service strategies to improve these outcomes.

Y kuşağı kendinden önce gelen diğer kuşaklardan farklılaşarak, internet ve teknolojik gelişim öncesini ve sonrası bilen, girişimciliğe en yatkın olan bir kuşaktır. Bu bağlamda da bu araştırmanın amacı, Selçuk Üniversitesi iktisadi ve idari bilimler fakültesinde öğrenim gören işletme öğrencilerinin girişimci kişilik özelliklerinin girişimcilik eğilimleri üzerinde etki edip etmediğini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmanın evrenini Selçuk Üniversitesi iktisadi ve idari bilimler fakültesinde işletme bölümünde öğrenim gören örgün ve ikinci öğretim öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada kolayda anket uygulaması kullanılmış ve ankete 69’u kadın, 64’u erkek olmak üzere toplam da 133 öğrenci katılmıştır. Araştırma için hazırlanan hipotezler SPSS 22 istatistik paket programı ile test edilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular betimsel istatistikler, korelasyon analizi ve regresyon analizleri ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda ise, öğrencilerin girişimci kişilik özellikleri alt boyutlarının risk alma, başarmak ihtiyacı ve belirsizliğe karşı toleransın girişimcilik eğilimleri üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilirken, yenilik ve kontrol odağı alt boyutlarının istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisinin bulunmadığı tespit edilmiştir.

The objective of this study is to determine the moderator role of generation gap in the effect of psychological empowerment perception on job satisfaction. The population (N: 200) and sample (n=136) of the study consists of health professionals working in the Karaman Provincial Health Directorate, Türkiye. In the research data were collected with a questionnaire technique and the hypotheses were tested through the SPSS Macro Process program. The significance of the regulatory role (statistically) was calculated by the bootstrap test. As a result of the analyzes made, it was found that the moderator effect of psychological empowerment perception on job satisfaction differed between the X and Y generations. While the effect of the psychological empowerment perceptions of the X Generation employees on job satisfaction did not show a statistically significant difference, this effect was found to be statistically significant in the Y Generation employees. It has been found that generations have a moderator effect on the effect of psychological empowerment perceptions of health workers on job satisfaction (X and Y).

This study was carried out to ascertain the opinions of the Indonesian people, particularly Generations Y and Z, about the growth of cryptocurrency. This study used descriptive statistical analysis to analyse sentiment using primary data from 100 respondents through the questionnaire. The SentiStrength software is used to process the data. According to the findings, generations Y and Z in Indonesia tend to have more neutral sentiment (48%), positive sentiment (23%), negative sentiment (28%), and highly negative sentiment (1%). The findings of this research show that most respondents are more sceptical about cryptocurrency in Indonesia. Respondents, with a neutral sentiment, consider that the development of cryptocurrency has not been inclusive. Therefore, there is no positive or negative sentiment. However, this study also discovered that respondents' negative responses dominated the positive responses. As a result, the findings of this study can be used to develop suitable policies or education. The study's implication is to represent the overall perspective and offer a basic understanding of the opinion of the Indonesian Y and Z generations toward cryptocurrency.

Establishing employee innovative behaviour (IB) is essential to achieve competitive advantage. Thus, in the context of Indonesia’s hotel industry, this study examines generational differences in the relationship between empowering leadership (EL) and IB, with knowledge sharing (KS) as the mediator. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires to hotel employees in Indonesia through purposive sampling. A total of 186 responses were obtained. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was then employed to test each hypothesis. Results demonstrate that all hypotheses were confirmed. EL positively determines KS and IB. In addition, IB was positively determined using KS. This study also confirmed the importance of KS as a mediator in the relationship between EL and IB. Additionally, the results identified generational differences (Gen X and Gen Y) in these relationships. A significant difference was observed in the effect of EL on KS and IB between Gen X and Gen Y. The difference between Gen X and Gen Y was also confirmed in the relationship between KS and IB, and the mediating role of KS in the relationship between EL and IB.

The emergence of Generation Y, which dominates the workforce due to population shift, brings awareness to businesses and organizations to be prepared and build a strategy to engage the Millennial workforce and reduce the high turnover rate that led to company loss. Turnover intention is the best predictor for observing an early indication of employee turnover. Therefore, leaders and organizations must explore and gain more information on generation Y employees' expectations in the workplace and how to fulfill them to reduce their turnover intention. This study used a phenomenological approach to acquire an in-depth understanding of Generation Y employees' expectations and perspective towards the organization and how it influences turnover intention. The results revealed that most Generation Y employees agreed that co-workers' support (emotional and instrumental) and interpersonal relationship play an essential role in their work life. Although, few others believed these factors needed to be more influential to affect their commitment to the organization. Unanimously, all Generation Y employees also agreed that supervisor support and career development opportunities played crucial roles in their career journey. They believed that the organization should facilitate them with mentorship to deliver supervisor support, learning opportunities, and career path plan to ensure their career progression within the workplace. Businesses and organizations need to have policies and facilitation which fulfill all these expectations and provide them with a reason to stay loyal and oblige to higher commitment in return for all the support given by the company.

This research investigates the relationship between relational psychological contract and the retention of young talents in Vietnam. The study surveyed young employees pertaining to (Generations Y and Z) at BBB Company. The results show an equal weight of transactional and relational psychological contracts in the job satisfaction and retention of young Vietnamese employees. The research compared the relative importance of future growth potential against existing good practices. The results indicate that these two constructs have equal importance, as the value for r square is almost equal. This suggests that from a strategic standpoint Human Resource Management (HRM) ought to prioritise the development of practices that enhance both relational and transactional psychological contracts among young talents in Vietnam. This derives from a cultural transition, which means that both the weights of national culture and globalisation are influencing the choices and loyalty of the younger generations in the workplace. These findings have significant implications for the understanding of how generational differences and culture influence how a company retains their young talents and the importance of psychological contract for young employee commitment in Vietnam in an increasingly competitive environment.

Abstract Background The paper examines whether the widespread assumption holds that younger birth cohorts (referred to as Millennials or Generation Y) act as pioneers of changing everyday mobility. Methodology Based on the time-series dataset "Mobility in Germany" (Mobilität in Deutschland), cohort-specific changes in everyday bicycle and car use that have occurred between 2002 and 2017 are analyzed. The empirical analyses are differentiated by age-group and settlement type. Additionally, socio-structural factors are taken into account. Results The results show a decline in the predominant everyday use of cars in metropolitan cities, especially among Generation Y. However, the Millennials do not emerge as pioneers of the trend toward predominant bicycle use. The results challenge the assumption that changes in everyday mobility are essentially driven by generational change.

Sustainable development became an essential part of our world since we realized the fragility and limits of our system, dangerous of resource exhaustion, and insistently looking for the way to stabilyze our life and life of our descendents, to restrict risks of collapses. Last years’ catastrophes – the pandemic of COVID-19 and the war in Ukraine, both are still existed, show us undoubtedly that we have to be more careful using our resources and develop our relations in economics and politics. In this article authors made an attempt to reconsider the approaches to understanding judiciary in Ukraine, using the new coordinates – generation born since 1980 till 1996 so called Millennials (generation Y), dictating new requests to life, and, in our opinion, to justice and judiciary development. Analysis of the impact of Millennials (generation Y) on the development of the judicial system is a complex process for a number of reasons. First, the lack of formal information about the age of the parties makes it impossible to substantiate the conclusions with empirical data. Secondly, despite some generalized traits, the characteristics of Millennials differ depending on the region and country of origin, which determines their economic, social, political, and cultural differences A striking example of this are the ex-Soviet Union’s states. In majority of these countries, Millennials have become the first generation sufficiently aware of their rights, the legal ways to protect them and the role of the court as an effective tool for such protection. Their formation was accompanied by the changes in ideology, political regime and economic instability. In this article authors argue how Millennials change the judiciary in the ex-Soviet society, taking into account the specifics of the latter. The study suggests two interrelated aspects: the impact of Millennials on the development of the court as consumers of judicial services; the impact of Millennials, who come to work in the judicial system, as judges. The article substantiates the necessity of modernization of the courts, which is associated with the high technology of this generation and its vital need for information, as well as their consumerization aimed to create more sustainability justice and to answer the request of Millennials by changes of goals, by limits of expenses and by introducing the culture of peaceful and strong institutions in judiciary.

The existence of different groups of employees in an organization can present certain problems in the human resource management if the characteristics of these groups are not taken into account. The present empirical study, carried out within the high school learning system in Dâmbovița County, aims to determine if there are significant differences in terms of monitoring the work motivation of teachers who belong to the different employment generations that currently coexist on the labor market: the Baby Boomers generation, Generation X, Generation Y and Generation Z and which one is more important.

The author analyzes the composition of the associative content and the semantic areas behind the signs that convey values in the linguistic consciousness of native 30-40 years old speakers of the Russian language. Responding to incentives of family, work, money etc. revealed the types of speech action in the situation of a free and directed associative experiment. The actualization of meanings in the process of responding to value-significant stimuli established the uniformity of cognitive mechanisms, the absence of complexity in the cognitive structure of associative fields, the prevalence of semantic areas representing socially and personally significant intangible objects - family, love, morality, ethics, a person that should be stored, developed, transmit. Most of the cases of directed association are associated with the unambiguous nature of the response, clear boundaries of the stereotype area, a low level of emotion and evaluation, the frequency of complex reactions (series of enumerations, for example, values - security, comfort, stability, family, one’s job, country). The concentration of stereotypical meanings (the area of frequency reactions of the core of associative fields) is higher when responding to stimuli What kind of work …, Work requires what …, What kind of family …. The remaining stimuli cause an approximate equality of stereotyped and individual ways of responding. The life experience of the respondents had a significant impact on the choice of the type of speech action and the method of response.

The main purpose of the article is an attempt to assess the development potential of Multi LevelMarketing in Poland, considering differences in perception of the system by different generations. Inthe theoretical part of the article, the essence of the concept of Multi Level Marketing is explained,market trends in the development of direct selling are presented, and the characteristics ofgenerations X, Y, and Z are described. Then, according to the empirical part of the paper, the resultsof surveys on the differences in the perception of Multi Level Marketing by Polish representatives ofgenerations X, Y, and Z are presented. In the last part, based on the analysis of the collected data,conclusions were formulated concerning further development perspectives of the direct selling branch.

Objective: This study aimed to establish real prospects for teaching foreign languages, taking into account the features of Generations X, Y, and Z to enhance the quality of education. Methodology: The study employed a communicative approach to foreign language education and utilized qualitative research methods, including observation, analysis, and generalization, to examine the effectiveness of this methodology. Results: The study highlighted several learning approaches used to bring different generations into teams. It was revealed that the contemporary era of university students, living and developing in the age of digital technologies and tools, has specific emotional, psychological, and conditioning characteristics that necessitate the use of creative and innovative forms and methods of teaching foreign languages, and in the future, their introduction into the educational process. Discussion and Conclusions: Knowledge of the composition and content of such features largely determines the ability of teachers to comprehensively and purposefully explain the educational material to students. In turn, this will help students master a foreign language at a higher quality level, taking into account their professional exposure. The preceding predetermined the relevance of the research and worked correspondingly.

Cílem tohoto článku je posoudit vliv jednotlivých generací (X, Y, Z) potenciálních zákazníků sdílené ekonomiky na jejich ochotu preferovat sdílené auto oproti autu vlastnímu v konkrétních definovaných situacích. Výzkum probíhal od prosince 2021 do března 2022 a zúčastnilo se ho 741 respondentů, kteří byli rovnoměrně rozděleni mezi všechny tři analyzované generace. Závěry výzkumu naznačují, že jednotlivé generace respondentů nebudou mít odlišné preference využívat sdílené auto v různých situacích. Všechny generace respondentů si dokážou více představit používat sdílené auto pravidelně během cestování a zábavy, ale už ne tolik s dětmi na kroužky, nebo při cestách do práce či školy. Tato skutečnost může být využitelná marketingovými odborníky, kteří potřebují rozklíčovat motivy pro účast zákazníků ve sdílené ekonomice, resp. v segmentu sdílených aut.

The need in high-quality education has always been and now is acute for learners and their parents all over the world. Only the most advanced methods, methodology and practices can enable teachers to cover completely the subject field and develop skills of analytical and critical thinking of the digital generation or generation Z, as we call people born after 2000. The situation formed by COVID-19 pandemic changes traditional foundations of life, business, education in the world. In March 2020 the majority of educational institutions were forced to change to distance learning. A lot of conventional forms of teaching underwent serious changes. Not only the process of teaching was altered, but the system of teacher – learner interaction was modified. Pandemic and restrictions imposed by it differ from country to country. Special attention is paid to distance forms using multimedia technologies. Today digital projects of distance learning integrated in the classic system of education are being developed. The author showed that difficulties arising with teaching high-school learners and university students point to the necessity to focus teachers’ attention on digital generation.

The need for housing becomes important, especially for generations Y and Z who are dominating the world's population today. The type of dwelling itself is divided into tread dwelling and vertical dwelling. In determining the type of residence they want, someone always relates it to the criteria they want as well as generations Y and Z. This study aims to determine the preferences of generations Y and Z for the type of tread or vertical residence they want. The research uses a grounded theory approach with qualitative-exploratory methods. Data collection uses a questionnaire that is distributed online and is open-ended from a freely selected sample. The findings show that there are two types of housing that are possible for generations Y and Z, namely residential treads on the outskirts of the city and vertical housing in the city center. The reasons for choosing a residence on the outskirts of the city are: flexibility, convenience, value, environment, livable culture, and security. The reasons for choosing vertical housing in the city center are: location and accessibility, facilities, practicality, atmosphere, and compulsion.

This paper deals with elements from which modern society has created a particular gap into which it has pushed young generations, named by scientists, the media and the public, Generation Y. This gap appears between the society of knowledge, in all its conceptual poverty and absurdity on the one hand, and demands of prosperous markets, on the other. The first part of this paper will present the definition and main characteristics of millennials, as well as the socio-historical context of their development. This is followed by an analysis of the media that reproduce and, to a large extent, determine the conditions and environment in which these generations exist. They are subject to technological socialization, which means they do not come into contact with each other but with machines. In this way they achieve only contact, instead of actual human relationships as experienced by previous generations. This paper also deals with technologies commonly known as “new”, although, as we write these lines, some of them have probably already become outdated and are being replaced by newer ones. This is how fast the world changes.

Purpose – The study aims to determine how the relationship among links, fit and sacrifice (dimensions of job embeddedness) influence employees' intention to quit in the case of professionals belonging to Generation Y. Design/methodology/approach – A quantitative correlational study was conducted with a cross-sectional dimension of time. The survey technique was applied through a certified online panel. The sample consisted of 211 members of Generation Y. Findings – It has been verified that the only significant dimension for Generation Y is sacrifice. Research limitations/implications – It is necessary to extend the study of the dimensions of job embeddedness and their influence on employees' intention to quit in different demographic groups. It would be advisable to conduct longitudinal studies to observe the dynamics of job embeddedness throughout the years. Practical implications – Organizations concerned with retaining the talent of young professionals can focus on the development of policies and benefits that encourage sacrifice. Social implications – The finding that the sacrifice dimension is the one that would reduce the intention to leave for Generation Y will help to ensure that organizations retain the workforce that they value. Originality/value – The study is important to gain a better understanding of Generation Y behavior. In addition, in response to the demand from the literature, the sample considered only Generation Y with work experience.

The banking industry's future will be filled by Generation Y or millennials, who differ from previous generations in their behavior and characteristics. This study explores banking leaders and managers in better understanding the work values of Generation Y employees. This study examined the role of self-efficacy in moderating the relationship between work values, emotional intelligence, and career commitment among employees in the banking sector in Jakarta, Indonesia using Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory. The survey method was used to collect data from 350 employees in the Indonesian banking industry. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23.0 was used as the main statistical analysis. The statistical results reveal a significant positive relationship between work values and emotional intelligence with career commitment. For implications, management should reconsider their practices in order to determine the best way to attract, retain, and integrate Generation Y employees into the workforce. It also highlights the limitations. Firstly, the sample was restricted to Gen Y employees in the banking sector located in Jakarta. Secondly, this study was cross-sectional, and the findings provided a snapshot of the phenomenon in a specific period. Suggestions for future research are to examine the relationship of other variables and career commitments across companies and industries.

Housing is a basic human need besides food and clothing. Housing needs are important, especially among generations Y and Z, who are currently dominating the world's population today. In determining the desired for housing, a person always relates to the criteria they want as well as these two generations. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that influence the type of housing desired by generations Y and Z. This research uses qualitative and quantitative methods. Data collection was carried out using online questionnaires and distribution with non-random sampling method. The qualitative data were analysed using the open-coding method. Quantitative data were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA), factor analysis and multivariate regression analysis. Based on the results of the research, the factor of choosing a house is divided into fourteen factors (latent variables), namely facility and infrastructure, clean environment, natural environment, security, accessibility, landed housing attributes, vertical housing attributes, social relations, countryside or sub-urban locations, crowded environments, supporting facilities, future investment, city views, and en suite bathroom and exterior. The main factors for generations Y and Z choosing landed housing outside the city are the factors of countryside location and future investment. The main factors for generations Y and Z choosing vertical housing in the city center were accessibility, crowded surroundings, and views of the city. The main factors generation Y and Z choose cohousing in the suburbs are social relationships, sub-urban location, and en suite bathroom and exterior. Meanwhile, the factors that generation Y and Z do not want in choosing cohousing housing are the crowded environment and landed housing attributes.

The urgency of the problem of formation and improvement of the level of financial literacy of the population is beyond doubt. By far, the most vulnerable social group here is the older generation. However, young people also need this competence. Purpose: this article describes the study of the level of financial literacy of generation Z and Y on the subject of knowledge of the operations of the gold and foreign exchange market; representations and concepts of modern economics; banking transactions; the subject of international trade, as well as international currency. Methods that were used in the research process: comparative analysis and synthesis, dialectical approach, sociological survey. Results: the authors conclude that Generation Z is less educated in terms of having and using financial knowledge than Millennials, and this is explained by the following facts: less life experience, focus only on the present, low interest in finance as a source of self-development opportunities.

Bu araştırmanın amacı X, Y ve Z kuşağı bireylerinin toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin tutumlarını karşılaştırmak, toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin tutumda kuşaklar arasında bir farklılaşmanın olup olmadığını incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolleri Tutum Ölçeği kullanılmış olup ölçek; 84’ü X kuşağı, 208’i Y kuşağı ve 151’i Z kuşağında yer alan toplam 443 katılımcıya uygulanmıştır. Katılımcıların Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolleri Tutum Ölçeğinin alt boyutları olan; eşitlikçi cinsiyet rolü, kadın cinsiyet rolü, evlilikte cinsiyet rolü, geleneksel cinsiyet rolü ve erkek cinsiyet rolüne ilişkin görüşleri incelendiğinde verilerin büyük bir çoğunluğunda X-Y ve X-Z kuşakları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark (p

IntroductionThe objective of the research was to analyze the effect of COVID-19 with the predictors of the health belief model (perceived severity, perceived benefits, and cue to action) on the social identity of the consumer and the social identity of the socially responsible food consumption among four generation groups of adults based on the stimulus-organism-response model.MethodsThe study had a quantitative approach explanatory design and a cross-sectional temporal dimension. A total of 834 questionnaires were collected from adults in the metropolitan area of Mexico City, and the data were analyzed through partial least squares structural equation modeling.ResultsThe results indicated that perceived severity, perceived benefits, and cue to action positively and significantly influenced social identity, and this positively and significantly influenced socially responsible consumption. In addition, identity was found to be a variable that had a total mediation effect between perceived severity and socially responsible consumption, perceived benefits and socially responsible consumption, and cue to action and socially responsible consumption. While the perceived barriers only had a direct effect on socially responsible consumption. Likewise, a difference was found between generation X and Y, generation Z and X, and generation Y and X in the relationship between cue to action, belonging to a social network group, and social identity.DiscussionIn this sense, these results allow us to consider that when environmental stimuli (predictors of the health belief model) affect the organism (social identity), it will respond with socially responsible food consumption. This type of consumption is explained through social identity and is modified according to the age of the consumers due to the effects of social networks.

This study examines the perceptions and attitudes of teachers towards tablets as pedagogical aids from an intergenerational perspective. It is based on sociological theories and definitions that emphasize the disparities and the uniqueness of each “generation” as well as customary teaching and learning methods. The study compares teachers from Generation Y and Generation X and it was carried out about one year from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, when all teachers regardless of “generation” were required to teach digitally. We focused on a common digital tool, the tablet, which enables diverse learning methods. A questionnaire was administered to teachers in the Israeli educational system (N = 154). The research findings showed that teachers from Generation Y (aged 26-42) have more positive general attitudes towards the use of tablets as an integral part of the study program and identify more advantages and less disadvantages than their Generation X colleagues (ages 43-65). The current research findings were compatible with research findings regarding the general attitudes of teachers towards innovative technologies and their integration in study programs in educational systems worldwide. The practical meaning of the study is that it is important to continue leading programs for integrating advanced technological appliances, and not only tablets, in the curriculum, as the generation of teachers who will be responsible for educating the younger generations and for leading these programs in particular is from the age group that has the most positive attitudes towards the subject.

The pandemic leap continues and only makes things worse. Sharp criticism continues to pour in about what measures it can put in place to reduce the social crisis. Although some have accused the restrictions of being relaxed (lockdown), it does not improve human nature, which instinctively requires communication with partners, family, and co-workers. This study has a target to uncover the relationship between stress and anxiety on social tourism interest. We invited the 321 respondents to be surveyed online. The characteristics of the response involved cross-age, namely generations Y and Z (17 to 40 years) from 15 provinces in Indonesia. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) applied to the AMOS program to interpret the data. Statistical tests found that stress and anxiety levels had no significant effect on social tourism interest. Other results prove an important difference if altruistic value increases social tourism interest significantly. From empirical moderation, altruistic value actually plays a significant role in the relationship between stress and anxiety levels in social tourism interest. The respondents have emotional resilience in the face of COVID-19. Finally, the novelty, contribution, and implications of the research is comprehensively disclosed. A follow-up agenda could investigate these findings in order to improve upon the limitations of the study.

There is no leadership without communication. This is especially paramount in hospitals to guarantee optimal processes and teamwork. But do physicians belonging to younger generations, the so-called Generation Y, need another approach to leadership and communication? And does the concept of generations stand up to scientific standards? This study is based on a literature review on leadership communication in healthcare across generations and hierarchies and in-depth interviews with physicians from Swiss hospitals on communication. The thematic analysis of the interviews revealed four main fields of communication patterns: 1. Increasing demand for information and transparent communication; 2. Low power distance versus high power distance; 3. Feedback; and 4. leadership communication. Younger generations, so-called Digital Natives or the Generation Y, have an increased need for transparent communication and involvement in the process of decision-making. More than previous generations and based on flatter hierarchies, Generation Y dares more to question its boss and his or her decisions and expect at the same time more feedbacks. New forms of leadership are needed to optimize communication between the generations and prepare young physicians for the increasing demands of more complex healthcare systems.

The aim of the research was to explore experiences of a Positive Psychology 2.0 (PP2.0) intervention for burnout among Generation Y medical doctors working in a South African public hospital. The emphasis was on the potential benefits and recommended intervention amendments in a specific cultural context of South Africa. A phenomenological approach was followed in the collective case study. The Maslach Burnout Inventory was administered in phases I and III to quantify the level of burnout. This study offers findings that could be incorporated into a bigger burnout intervention strategy in the South African public hospital, involving all stakeholders to ensure that burnout is combatted on a long-term basis. Furthermore, the findings emphasized certain culture-specific structural issues and the impact that the neglection of burnout has on newly qualified medical doctors working in a South African public hospital and patients in their care. Certain recommendations were made for the South African public hospital for future research in PP2.0 interventions and for facilitators working with burnout among newly qualified medical doctors.