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Wafer-baking ovens are machines that bake liquid batter by heating the interconnected cast plates in a gas oven. The plates in contact with the wafer batter are generally made of the cast material. Although there are many studies on the contents in the recipes of wafer products and the effects of the additives included in the recipes on the quality of the wafer sheet, there are few studies on the effects of the material type of the wafer-baking plate on the baking process. In this study, the thermal distribution of two baking plates made of different materials (GG-25 gray cast iron and GJV-350 vermicular cast iron), their effects on the thickness of the wafer sheet, and their effects on the color distribution of the wafer sheet were investigated at different baking rates. The experiments were conducted in an industrial wafer-baking oven at two different production rates. As a result, it was observed that the GJV-350 vermicular casting plate provides a more homogeneous heat distribution, more stable wafer sheet thickness, and more homogeneous color distribution of the wafer sheet at a maximum production rate.

Occupational hygiene is very important in meat processing plants. For this reason, butchers need to disinfect the cutting blades before and after each procedure. In this study aimed that the kettle is suddenly intended to remove the water as soon as possible to the desired temperature and keep it stable at a certain temperature with the rod resistors and thermostat control system positioned on the aluminum plate of different power. It is also aimed to increase the ideal water temperature to the optimal point of use by using the energy correctly. A mechanism has been created to keep the water temperature under control with the help of a thermostat. Experimental results were obtained by operating the rod resistors placed in aluminum plate at 1 kW, 1.5kW and 2kW. It has been observed that the aluminum plate positioned under the AISI 304 quality stainless body heats the water homogeneously by the heat transfer by convection. The results from the experiments were compared according to the determined parameters. As a result of the experiments, we were observed that the rod resistance with a power of 2 kW reached the desired temperature in a shorter time.

In this study, the effect of drilling Carbon Fiber Reinforced Products (CFRP) under dry and cryogenic conditions with different diametered drill bits and different cutting parameters on delamination injury, hole diameter and on surface quality were investigated experimentally. Two different cutting speed (20 and 50 m/min), four different moving amount (0.075 mm/rev, 0.15 mm/rev, 0.225 mm/rev and 0.3 mm/rev) and two different diametered drill (4 mm and 6 mm) values for experimental design have been applied under dry and cryogenic conditions in this study. The results showed that the penetration of CFRP by the immersion cryogenic technique was facilitated, greatly improving the machinability by reducing the surface roughness of the drilled parts. However, thrust and delamination factor increased.

Bu çalışmada ASTM B574(Hastelloy C-22) malzemesi üzerinde tornalama işlemi sonrasında kesmeparametrelerinin (kesme derinliği, kesme hızı, radius, ilerleme hızı, debi,talaş açısı, yanaşma açısı) yüzey pürüzlüğü ve sıcaklık üzerindeki etkileriincelenmiştir. Kesme parametrelerini etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek için varyansanalizi (ANOVA) uygulanırken, yüzey pürüzlülüğünü etkileyen parametrelerinoptimizasyonu Taguchi ortogonal deney tasarımına dayanan Tepki YüzeyiMetodolojisi (RSM) ile elde edilmiştir. Geliştirilen modellerin yüzey pürüzlülüğüve sıcaklık tahmini için gerekli olan doğruluğu oldukça başarılıdır. Ölçütolarak değerinin kullanıldığı çalışmada ortalama Ra yüzeypürüzlüğü için %93.85, doğruluk değeri elde edilmiştir. ANOVA analizlerisonucunda %95 güven aralığında, Ra için en etkili parametreler sırasıyla kesmehızı, yanaşma açısı, talaş açısı ve debi olarak tespit edilmiş ve en düşükyüzey pürüzlüğü oranı için en uygun kesme parametre değerleri belirlenmiştir.

The vocabulary of a language is a system of interrelated lexical networks but not a collection of independent items. Vocabulary of a language is organised into fields within which words interrelate and define each other in various ways. Sense relations are not enough to explain the relation between some lexical items. For example, we cannot explain the relation between patient and hospital through synonymy, antonym, hyponymy, polysemy or homonymy, but we can say that they belong to the same semantic field which we can label as ‘health’. In this paper, semantic field also known as word field, lexical field, field of meaning, and semantic system is explained by giving supporting examples. Besides, some implications for Teaching English as a Foreign Language/Teaching English as a Second Language (TEFL/TESL) are suggested. Key words: Semantic fields, structural semantics, lexical network, lexical field, semantic system

The vocabulary of a language is a system of interrelated lexical networks but not a collection of independent items. Vocabulary of a language is organised into fields within which words interrelate and define each other in various ways. Sense relations are not enough to explain the relation between some lexical items. For example, we cannot explain the relation between patient and hospital through synonymy, antonym, hyponymy, polysemy or homonymy, but we can say that they belong to the same semantic field which we can label as ‘health’. In this paper, semantic field also known as word field, lexical field, field of meaning, and semantic system is explained by giving supporting examples. Besides, some implications for Teaching English as a Foreign Language/Teaching English as a Second Language (TEFL/TESL) are suggested

Timely dissemination of results from clinical studies is crucial for the advancement of knowledge and clinical decision making. A large body of research has shown that up to half of clinical trials do not publish their findings. In this study, we sought to determine whether clinical trial publication rates within neurology have increased over time. Focusing on neurology clinical trials completed between 2008 to 2014, we found that while the overall percentage of published trials has not changed (remaining at approximately 50%), time to publication has significantly decreased. Our findings suggest that clinical trials within neurology are being published in a more timely manner.

When speaking or writing in a foreign language, being grammatically and semantically competent may not be enough to convey the necessary information to the interlocutors in dual conversations or to the readers who read our texts in various genres such as personal letters, formal letters, e-mails...etc., Namely, individuals who use a foreign language in their communications may generate grammatically and semantically well formed sentences or phrases but their sentences and phrases may still not be comprehensible because they fail in highlighting the new information and deemphasizing the old information. Therefore, teaching intonation, sentence stress and pitch as important characteristics of spoken language and teaching how to highlight new information and deemphasise old information when writing a text are of great importance in foreign language teaching. In this article, the concept of information structure is reviewed, examples are given both in Turkish and English and suggestions are made for EFL (English as a Foreign Language) classes. Key Words: information structure, pragmatics, teaching pronunciation

Bulent Kadri Gultekin,1 Betul Ozdilek,2 Engin Emrem Bestepe1 1Department of Psychiatry, 2Department of Neurology, Erenkoy Research and Training Hospital for Neurologic and Psychiatric Disorders, Istanbul, Turkey Objective: We aimed to investigate the frequency of social phobia in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). In addition, we explored the relationship between social phobia and the clinical characteristics of PD, and the frequency of comorbid psychiatric disorders in PD patients. Methods: This study included 80 consecutive patients with PD admitted to the Parkinson’s disease and Movement Disorders Clinic at the Erenkoy Research and Training Hospital for Neurologic and Psychiatric Disorders, Istanbul, Turkey and used demographic and clinical data. The PD patients were evaluated during the “on state”, using the Hoehn and Yahr scale, the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, and the Schwab England Activities of Daily Living Scale. Psychiatric evaluations were conducted using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition structured clinical interview, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Results: Social phobia was diagnosed in 42.5% of PD patients. Social phobia was comorbid with depression in 20 patients (58.8%), generalized anxiety disorder in 18 patients (52.9%), and panic disorder in six patients (17.6%). Social phobia was more frequent in males, early-onset PD, patients with a long duration of disease, the presence of postural instability, and with the use of a high Levodopa equivalent daily dose. A logistic regression analysis revealed the predictive factors of social phobia to be the sex of the patient (more frequent in males) and the presence of postural instability. There was a statistically significantly negative correlation between the LSAS score and the age of disease onset (r=–0.503; P=0.002) and a positive correlation between LSAS score and the duration of disease (r=0.374; P=0.023). Conclusion: Social phobia is frequently observed in PD patients. Therefore, the assessment of PD patients should always include psychiatric evaluations, particularly for social phobia. The early detection and treatment of social phobia in PD patients is very important for the quality of life of patients as well as caregivers.Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, social phobia, psychiatric disorders

When speaking or writing in a foreign language, being grammatically and semantically competent may not be enough to convey the necessary information to the interlocutors in dual conversations or to the readers who read our texts in various genres such as personal letters, formal letters, e-mails, etc. Namely, individuals who communicate in a foreign language may generate grammatically and semantically well-formed sentences or phrases but their sentences and phrases may still not be comprehensible enough because they fail in highlighting the new information (unfamiliar information) and deemphasizing the given (old) information. Therefore, teaching how to utilize intonation, sentence stress and pitch when speaking English and teaching how to utilize various syntactic constructions such as fronting, left-dislocation, clefting, pseudoclefting, passive structures and word order in order to highlight new information and deemphasise given information when both speaking English and writing a text in English are of great importance in foreign language teaching. In this article, the concept of information structure is reviewed, examples are given both in Turkish and English and suggestions are made for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classes.

YDİ YabancıDil Olarak İngilizce öğrenenlerin yaptıklarıhatalarıetkileyen başlıca iki neden vardır. Birinci neden öğrencilerin ana dilidir; öğrenci kendi ana dilini edinmişolduğu için, sesletim, sözcük, cümle, anlam, edim düzeylerinde ana dili tarafından etkilenir. Eğer öğrenci ana dili ile öğrenmekte olduğu dilin belirtilen bu düzeylerde birbirinden farklıolduğunun bilincinde değilse, hata riski daha yüksek olur. İkinci neden ise, hedef dil yani öğrenilmekte olan dildir; öğrenilen dil içinde yapılan yanlışgenellemeler ve bilgi eksikliği öğrencilerin hata yapmalarına neden olur. Bu makalede, Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi İngilizce Öğretmenliği Bölümü öğrencilerinin çok yaygın olarak yanlıştelaffuz ettikleri kelimeler üzerine yapılan bir araştırma sunulmaktadır. Bu hatalar sadece bu çalışmanın yapıldığıyerdeki öğrencilerin hatalarıolarak görülmemekte, hataların nedenleri göz önünde bulundurulduğunda İngilizce öğrenen bütün Türk öğrencilerin aynıhatalarıyapabilecekleri düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada incelenen telaffuz hatalarının nedenleri de deneklere verilen anketle araştırılmıştır.

Compared to milling on a macro scale, the micromilling process has several cumbersome points that need to be addressed. Rapid tool wear and fracture, severe burr formation, and poor surface quality are the major problems encountered in the micromilling process. This study aimed to reveal the effect of cutting path strategies on the cutting force and surface quality in the micromilling of a pocket. The hatch zigzag tool path strategy and the contour climb tool path strategy under different cooling conditions (e.g., dry, air blow, and flood coolant) at fixed cutting parameters. The micromilling tests revealed that better results were obtained with the use of the contour tool path strategy in terms of cutting forces (by up to ~43% compared to the dry condition) and surface quality (by up to ~44% compared to the air blow condition) when compared to the hatch tool path strategy. In addition, the flood coolant reduces the cutting temperature and eliminates chips to significantly enhance the quality of the micro milled surface.

Abstract Background Endophthalmitis is the inflammatory response to invasion of the eye with bacteria or fungi. The incidence of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery varies between 0.072–0.13 percent. Treatment of endophthalmitis with fungal etiology is difficult. Case Presentation Case 1: A 71-year old male diabetic patient developed postoperative endophthalmitis due to Aspergillus flavus. The patient was treated with topical amphotericin B ophthalmic solution, intravenous (IV) liposomal amphotericin-B and caspofungin following vitrectomy. Case 2: A 72-year old male cachectic patient developed postoperative endophthalmitis due to Scopulariopsis spp. The patient was treated with topical and IV voriconazole and caspofungin. Conclusion Aspergillus spp. are responsible of postoperative fungal endophthalmitis. Endophthalmitis caused by Scopulariopsis spp. is a very rare condition. The two cases were successfully treated with local and systemic antifungal therapy.

Abstract Background Intestinal parasitic infections are amongst the most common infections worldwide. Epidemiological research carried out in different countries has shown that the social and economical situation of the individuals is an important cause in the prevalence of intestinal parasites. Previous studies in Turkey revealed a high prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection. The objectives of the current study were to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in Aydin among 7–14 years old school children and to identify associated socio-demographic and environmental factors, behavioral habits and also related complaints. Methods Multistage sampling was used in the selection of the study sample. A questionnaire, cellulose adhesive and a stool specimen examination were done. Results A total of 456 stool specimens were collected. 145 students (31.8%) were infected with one or more intestinal parasites. 29 (6.4%) of the students were infected more than one parasite, 26 (5.7%) with two parasites and 3 (0.7%) with three parasites. The three most common were E. vermicularis, G. intestinalis and E. coli. Intestinal parasite prevalence was higher in rural area, in children with less than primary school educated mother, in children who use hands for washing anal area after defecation, and in children who use toilet paper sometimes or never. The relation between child health and mother education is well known. Children were traditionally taught to wash anal area by hand. Toiler paper usage was not common and might be due to low income or just a behavioral habit also. Most of the complaints of the study population were not significantly related with the intestinal parasitic infection. Conclusions Intestinal parasitic infection is an important public health problem in Aydin, Turkey. Rural residence, mother education less than primary school, sometimes or never usage of toilet paper, and washing anal area by hands after defecation were the significant associations. Interventions including health education on personal hygiene to the students and to the parents, especially to mothers are required. The ratio of uneducated women should be declined with specific programs. A multisectoral approach is needed.