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Problem. The relevance of this work is explained by the fact that there are no works at all in the reference and normative literature on the theory and practice of forensic auto technical examination, and even more so, methodical recommendations regarding the values of the braking parameters of vehicles of the M1 category with an electric power plant. Goal. The purpose of the work is to establish the factors that affect the braking parameters of M1 category vehicles with an electric or hybrid power unit. Methodology. The approaches adopted in the work to solve the set goals are based on the theory of conducting the experiment, the theory of the interaction of the pneumatic tire with the road surface, the theory of the car and the laws of theoretical mechanics. Results. On the basis of the obtained experimental data regarding the value of permanent deceleration and the time value of the increasing deceleration during emergency braking of the M1 category vehicles with an electric or hybrid power unit, the tasks will be solved necessary for conducting forensic engineering and transport examinations for specific road traffic events with the participation of M1 category vehicles with an electric or hybrid power unit. Originality. The results of the study provided an opportunity to get an idea of the influence of factors on the braking parameters of M1 category vehicles with an electric or hybrid power unit. Practical value. The obtained results can be recommended to forensic experts when writing expert opinions or expert studies.

Problem. The process of interaction of a pneumatic tire of a car wheel with the surface of the road surface, which is covered with a layer of water, affects the safety of the vehicle movement, therefore, the assessment of the effect of aquaplaning when writing the conclusions of the auto technical examination is an actual direction of research. The study of the effect of aquaplaning will allow forensic experts and specialists in the automotive industry to make an objective analysis and form non-subjective conclusions. Goal. The purpose of the work is to determine the design parameters and operational features of the pneumatic tire, as well as the speed of the vehicle on the process of interaction of the car wheel tire with the surface of the road coating, which is covered with a layer of water. Methodology. The approaches adopted in the work to solve the set goals are based on the theory of aquaplaning, the theory of the interaction of the pneumatic tire with the road surface, the theory of the vehicle and the laws of theoretical mechanics. Results. The obtained results of the research in the form of an analysis make it possible to assess the impact of the aquaplaning effect of a pneumatic tire on road safety. It was established that the thickness of the water layer affects the conditions for meeting the requirements established by the traffic rules, since the decrease in the height of the tire tread pattern leads to unstable contact of the tire with the road surface. Originality. The results of the study provided an opportunity to get an idea of the influence of the design parameters of tires on road safety in terms of forming the conclusions of the motor-technical examination. Practical value. The obtained results can be recommended to forensic experts when writing expert opinions and for expert research.

Digitalization, a phenomenon that continues to actively develop in the world, is faced with the lack of a clear, methodologically consolidated definition in literary sources. Despite its long development path, the concept of digitalization and the closely related term “digital transformation” currently do not have a single scientific and applied definition. One of the articles provides the following definition of digitalization: “Digitalization is about the systems of interaction and the systems of understanding digitized data”. In this context, Gartner’s interpretation is also mentioned, where digitalization refers to the impact on the company’s business model and its effectiveness. The authors of the article propose a more complete definition of the concepts of “digitalization” and “digital transformation” (which are inextricably linked to each other), based on the basic concepts of systems-cybernetic theory and the general methodology of enterprise architecture. The lack of a clear definition of digitalization does not hinder its development, since the concept is intuitively understandable, and specialists find a common language. Nevertheless, the lack of a logically structured approach to the definition of this concept and related terms is an obstacle to the development of methodology, taxonomies and communication between specialists. This affects the speed, efficiency and security of the development of digitalization and related areas in science and engineering. Solving this problem will be a key factor for a more successful and sustainable development of digitalization in the future. The reader is offered an approach based on the analysis of the current practice of automation in its evolutionary aspect, performed using the basic concepts of systems-cybernetic theory, the general methodology of enterprise architecture. The analysis of digitalization using these tools will help to form a scientifically based, structured view of this concept and formulate some elements of taxonomy in this area. Applying the obtained method, the authors proposed the concept of “digitalization”, as well as “digital transformation” (which is inextricably linked with the previous concept). In the article, the authors limited the area in which digitalization is analyzed to the corporate sector.

Problem. In the scientific and methodological recommendations of forensic institutions and in the scientific and technical literature there are currently no universal methods for determining the braking parameters of cargo multi-axle vehicles that have wheels with double tires, which affects the results of drawing up the conclusions of the motor-technical expertise. The lack of universal methods is due to the difficulty of determining the actual braking, especially when the tires of dual wheels interact with the road surface. Goal. The goal is justification of the method of determining the average torsional stiffness of tires of a double vehicle wheel during its interaction with the road surface. Methodology. The approaches adopted in the work to achieve the set goal are based on the theoretical foundations of the deformation of elastic elements, which are located parallel to each other. Results. Equations are determined that allow you to calculate the value of the average torsional stiffness of the tire for wheels that have double, triple or quadruple tires. Originality. The results of the research provide a general idea of the effect of the pressure in the tires of a double wheel on the value of its average torsional stiffness. Practical value. The obtained results can be recommended to expert motor technicians when drawing up a conclusion of an expertise or an expert study. Besides, the results of the study can be used in the educational process during the training of specialists in the field of transport or mechanical engineering.

The studies were carried out on Aberdeen Angus bulls at the age of 18 months. The animals, depending on the level of somatotropin in the blood serum, were divided into three groups using the percentile method: group I – up to the 25th percentile; Group II – within the 25-75 percentile; Group III – above the 75th percentile. Testosterone content was determined in blood serum by enzyme immunoassay using an automatic microplate analyzer Infinite F200 PRO. To study the meat qualities of the bulls, a control slaughter was carried out. It was established that bulls with the maximum concentration of testosterone in the blood serum were superior to individuals with the minimum concentration in pre-slaughter live weight by 3.4% (P≤0.05), in fresh carcass weight by 4.7% (P≤0.05), slaughter weight – by 3.6% (P≤0.01), pulp weight – by 5.4% (P≤0.05), protein accumulation in pulp – by 8.3% (P≤0.05), dry matter content – by 0.24% (P≤0.05), protein concentration – by 0.65% (P≤0.05), protein quality indicator – by 1.3% (P≤0.05) ). At the same time, they were inferior to them in weight and yield of internal fat by 12.1 (P≤0.001) and 0.6% (P≤0.05), respectively, in terms of bone content in the carcass - by 0.63% (P≤0 .05), relative fat content by 0.84% (P≤0.05).

The study was conducted to develop a budgeting system based on the formation of financial management structure in the budget institution, contributing to the rational resource functioning, the achievement of established state goals and information objectivity. The objectives of the study included determining the degree of implementation of management accounting tool - budgeting - in the activities of institutions. In the course of the study the financial structure of organizations was developed, which is represented by budgetary institutions and commercial enterprises, where not only the form of ownership, but also the specifics of activity is taken into account. On the basis of the budgetary structure the scheme of the consolidated budget of the institution in the divisional and functional aspect and practical recommendations for the development of forms of each of the presented budgets are offered. The application of the developed model of budgeting will help in the formation of operational, relevant management decisions to achieve the mission of the institution. This tool makes it possible not only to reduce deviations from the state assignment, but also to achieve the set targets of income-generating activities.

The studies were performed on Aberdeen Angus bulls at the age of 18 months. Animals, depending on the level of somatotropin in blood serum, were divided into three groups by the percentile method: group I – up to the 25th percentile; group II – within the limits of 25-75 percentiles; group III – above the 75th percentile. The somatotropin content was determined in blood serum by enzyme-linked immunoassay using an automatic microplate analyzer Infinite F200 PRO. To study the meat qualities of steers, a control slaughter was carried out at the age of 18 months. It was found that animals with the maximum level of somatotropin in the blood serum had a higher pre-slaughter mass, hot carcass weight, chilled carcass, pulp mass and bone mass, with a minimum content of internal fat in the carcasses. The chemical composition of the average sample of meat and the longest back muscle in these animals was characterized by an increased protein content and a minimum fat concentration. The protein-qualitative indicator estimated by the ratio of tryptophan to oxyproline in the longest back muscle increased with an increase in serum somatotropin.

Problem. For an hour, in the scientific-methodical recommendations of the ship-experts, it is installed in the scientific-technical literature of the day-to-day parameters of galvanizing of vantage, bug-capable transport equipment, so that it is inaccurate to introduce autotransport equipment for the eastern part to inaccurate zasob_v unique road transport suit. Goal. The value of the function of galvanizing large transport bridges on the basis of the coordinates of the position to the center of the heavy transport, realizable values, which are realized between the tires and the supporting surface, as well as the support for the rear axle of the transport bridges. Methodology. The approaches adopted in the work to solve this goal are based on the theoretical foundations of braking multi-axle vehicles, the scientific provisions of elastic deformations of pneumatic tires of automobile wheels, geometric and weight parameters of a wheeled vehicle. Results. The equations that allow to calculate the value of the braking coefficient of multi-axle vehicles based on the coordinates of the position of the center of gravity, the realized couplings between the tires and the bearing surface, as well as the load distribution between the respective front and rear axles of the vehicle. Rivnyannya is assigned, which allow the positioning of the coordinates to the center of the car of a multi-axle wheeled transport vehicle for both front and rear axles. The calculation schemes of the position of the coordinates of the center of mass for two-axle, three-axle and four-axle with different axle layout are presented in graphical form, which give a general idea of the mass distribution between the front and rear axles of the vehicle. Originality. Presented in a graphical view of the layout of the positioning of the coordinates to the center of the car for a two-axle, three-axle and one axle with a small layout of the bridges, which give a far-reaching display of the space between the front and rear axles of the transport vehicle. Practical value. The results can be recommended by the experts-auto technicians in the development of technical capabilities for the drivers of vantage transport means, uniqueness of the road-transport usability.

All-dielectric nanoantennas, consisting of high refractive index semiconductor material, are drawing a great deal of attention in nanophotonics. Owing to their ability to manipulate efficiently the flow of light within sub-wavelength volumes, they have become the building blocks of a wide range of new photonic metamaterials and devices. The interaction of the antenna with light is largely governed by its size, geometry, and the symmetry of the multitude of optical cavity modes it supports. Already for simple antenna shapes, unraveling the full modal spectrum using conventional far-field techniques is nearly impossible due to the spatial and spectral overlap of the modes and their symmetry mismatch with incident radiation fields. This limitation can be circumvented by using localized excitation of the antenna. Here, we report on the experimental near-field probing of optical higher order cavity modes (CMs) and whispering gallery modes (WGMs) in amorphous silicon nanoantennas with simple, but fundamental, geometrical shapes of decreasing rotational symmetry: a disk, square, and triangle. Tapping into the near-field using an aperture type scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) opens a window on a rich variety of optical patterns resulting from the local excitation of antenna modes of different order with even and odd parity. Numerical analysis of the antenna and SNOM probe interaction shows how the near-field patterns reveal the node positions of – and allows us to distinguish between – cavity and whispering gallery modes. As such, this study contributes to a richer and deeper characterization of the structure of light in confined nanosystems, and their impact on the structuring of the light fields they generate.

The work presents a study on the influence of high-speed nonequilibrium of the meltspinning process on the morphological and magnetic properties of the amorphous Co58Ni10Fe5 Si11B16 alloy. It is shown that the amorphous states with a different extent of disordering may be produced by varying the melt-spinning conditions. A correlation has been established between the fractal structure of morphological inhomogeneities and the magnetic properties of the melt-spun alloy: the higher the fractal dimension of the hierarchical mesoscale structure, the more the soft magnetic alloy. The optimal ordering of both the morphological and magnetic structure of the melt-spun Co58Ni10Fe5Si11B16 alloy is achieved at a cooling roller speed of 28 m/s.

Problem. Malfunction of the service braking system of a wheeled vehicle (WV) significantly affects road safety, especially when operating multi-axle vehicles with big masses. One of the ways to increase the level of road safety of multi-axle vehicles, when braking using a spare (emergency) braking system, is the introduction of automated adaptive braking systems into the design of the brake drive of vehicles. The definition of the limits of using the adaptive braking system on vehicles with many axles is almost not disclosed in the scientific and technical literature, therefore, the issue of using such a system on vehicles with a large number of axles requires additional research. Purpose. The purpose of this work is to develop a simulation model for adaptive control of the braking process of a multi-axle vehicle using a spare (emergency) braking system, taking into account the simulation of the dynamics of the drive and the variability of the adhesion properties between the tire of the vehicle wheel and the road surface. Methodology. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to develop a simulation model of the brake drive in an adaptive mode, implement a model of the interaction of the tire with the road surface, and implement a model of the braking dynamics of a multi-axle vehicle in the event of a malfunction of its service brake system. Originality. The proposed key criterion (Kr) for changing the throttle section in electro-pneumatic pressure modulators, which provide adaptive air inlet or outlet from the corresponding brake chambers of the drive, during simulation, made it possible to simulate the operation of the drive circuits in the adaptive mode. It has been established that, depending on the potential for the realization of the adhesion between the tires of automobile wheels and the road surface, the pressure in the electro-pneumatic brake drive with its adaptive regulation can be increased by no more than 0.04 MPa.

Heart rate variability (HRV) is understood as the severity of fluctuations in heart rate or RR-intervals in relation to their average values. HRV is defned as the actual variability of the duration of the RR-intervals between consistent heart contraction cycles for a certain period of time. Traditional methods for analyzing heart rate variability are often insuffcient to characterize the complex heartbeat dynamics, since the mechanisms involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular system are likely to interact with each other in a non-linear manner. The article represents data on the association between non-linear parameters of heart rate variability in patients with cardiovascular diseases. It can be concluded, that the non-linear analysis of HRV provides useful information for characterizing the autonomic balance and is a reliable marker of complications and mortality in patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Immunotropic drugs (such as sera, blood plasma and immunoglobulins) have polyfunctional activity with anti-infectious, antitoxic, homeostasis-regulating properties. Based on this, we conducted the present study with the purpose to evaluate the therapeutic effect of anti-cadmium -anti-radiation serum (AARS) on the level of radiation-chemical damage. Modeling of experimental radiation-chemical damage was carried out by preliminary 4-time subcutaneous injection of cadmium chloride solution (CdCl2) at doses of 1/500 LD50, followed by radiation exposure of 90 outbred white rats at doses of 7.0 and 9.0 Gy (LD50 and LD100, respectively). It was found that a single subcutaneous injection of TDC at a dose of 25 mg/kg of live weight 24 hours after the combined radiation-toxic damage had a radioprotective and antitoxic effect, increasing the survival rate of animals affected by lethal doses of CdCl2 and γ-rays. Increase in the survival rate of animals treated with the test agent after exposure to two-factor damage was due to inhibition of the concentration of BFR-active toxic compounds and reciprocal increase in the synthesis of metallothioneins and SOD. Thus, the use of immunotropic agent of anti-cadmium anti-radiation serum (AARS) after exposure to two-factor combined radiation-chemical damage provided 90% survival rate by induction of increased formation of metallothioneins and SOD, inhibition of redox-cycled toxic radicals formation and neutralization of cadmium toxicity with the help of anti-cadmium antibodies.

Analysis of trace elements in blood serum can be an important tool for monitoring micronutrient supply in stallions in order to maintain reproductive health. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the concentrations of macro- and microelements in the blood serum of stud stallions with the qualitative characteristics of fresh sperm and sperm after cryopreservation and thawing. The studies were carried out on purebred Arabian stallions (n=50). As a biomaterial for studies, we used blood serum, fresh and thawed sperm after cryopreservation. The elemental composition of seminal plasma was determined by 25 chemical elements Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, I, Mn, Se, Zn Ca, K, Mg, P, B, Li, Si, V Na, Ni, Sn, Hg, Sr, Al, As, Cd, Pb) by ICP-DRC-MS methods. It was found that the concentrations of Mg and Co in the blood serum positively correlate with the qualitative characteristics of the sperm of Arabian purebred stallions. Wherein, the optimal range of concentrations of Mg in the blood serum, typical for stallions with relatively high indicators of sperm quality, is 22.64 to 27.05 μg/g; Co – 0.001 to 0.0015 μg/g.

The main problem of implementation of technology of rutin extraction from grass buckwheat Fagopyrum sagittatum Gilib. lies in purification of rutin raw. In this connection the following research object is determined: consideration of the possibility to use for rutin raw purification different commercial carbon brands as adsorbents by the method of preparative chromatography and assessment of their effectiveness to achieve the maximum degree of purification with minimum duration of the elution process. The article presents experimental data on purification of rutin raw sample, extracted from grass buckweat green material by the preparative chromatography method using wood- and coconut-based activated carbons of different brands as sorbents; besides, the following items are presented in the article: dependence of rutin sample melting temperature, qualitative and quantitative flavonoid content, authenticity on chlorophyll and red pigments content depending on sorbent layer height and elution duration in comparison with the GSO [State Standard Samples] control sample. To confirm the reliability of the obtained results, statistical processing of experimental data is conducted using the methods of correlation and regression analysis, as well as using the two-parameter normal distribution of values. It is demonstrated that the use of the following carbon brands, indicated in decreasing effectiveness order, can provide the best purity and stability of parameters values, characterizing the product: NWС-P, NWM-P, OU-A, OU-B; the conducted calculations indicate that the best correlation between the sorbent layer height in a column and the rutin samples quality parameter was achieved when the carbons of the brands NWM-P, ОY-А and ОY-В were used. Depending on the tasks, rutin purification degree may be regulated by sequential use of NWC-P and NWM-P carbons. When rutin is purified from proximate admixtures, chlorophyll and red pigments, NWC-P adsorbent allows to get a comparable result even when the layer height is from 50 to 70 mm respectively.

Drilling fluids for deep and extended reach wells are complex multicomponent systems that contain dissolved salts, polymers, surfactants and coarse solids. Complexity of drilling mud is caused by wide range of functions: creating pressure on the formation, retention of cuttings particles in suspension, bottomhole cleaning and transportation of sludge on the surface, preservation of reservoir properties of the target formation and other. Tribological properties are one of the most important properties of the drilling fluids. It is possible to control properties through introduction of lubricant additives. Their components are characterized by high, sometimes unique, surface activity, they create superplastic nanofilms on the surface of the protective pipe, contribute to chemical modification of the surface layers of metal. The choice of such components is complicated, first of all, by price (to construct wells one needs large volumes of mud), and secondly by strict environmental requirements. Therefore, when lubricant additive is developed, it is necessary to ground the choice of rational content for each of its components. This necessitates the use of mathematical modeling methods, i.e. construction of regression equations according to several experiments of the planned experiment. The paper presents a possible way to use the two-step method of choosing the rational ratio of the components in the lubricant additive. As a rule tribological properties of drilling fluids are considered from three different points of view or different positions – friction pairs: «metal – rock», «metal – metal» and «metal – filter cake». This article is devoted to the study of drilling fluids in relation to a pair of «metal – filter cake».

The article is devoted to the author’s approach to the formation of indicators of the sustainability of the economy of organizations. The developed approach holds the attention focused on its classical understanding, modified for the modern entrepreneurial era, based on the environment of organizations’ activities, a term of internal (interpolation) and external (extrapolation) factors that form their costs, determine the financial result and its efficiency, on which the prospective financial benefit. The study considered the selected resulting and factor indicators of the sustainability of the economy of organizations: the efficiency and cost of activities, changes in their results and costs under the influence of qualitative (profitability, profitability, expense) and quantitative (income, profit, costs) parameters of activity in dynamics. The construction of these dependencies between the selected combination of the resulting and factor indicators of the stability of the economy of organizations is carried out through the union of differentiated by types of additive, multiplicative and multiple interactions of intermediate (factor) values with the final (resulting) values. The combination of all types of dependencies that form a common system of the studied indicators will provide organizations with an accurate assessment of the analyzed final values and ranking pursuant to the degree of significance of the values of the intermediate group and the adoption of objective measures to optimize the sustainability of their economies. The material will benefit entrepreneurs of all spheres and industries, carrying out their activities under the current economic mechanism, education and science workers, students in economic areas.

The beet webworm Loxostege sticticalis (LS) has eruptive type of population dynamics and high migratory activity. The LS outbreaks are therefore difficult to predict and the pest belongs to the category of highly dangerous pests. However, during periods of depressions this insect is not observed within the most of its range and is very susceptible to infection by pathogens, including various species of microsporidia, some of which are not specific parasites of the order Lepidoptera. The distribution of LS microsporidia in Eurasia is quite extensive. During the study period of LS from 2003 to 2019, we have found 6 species of microsporidia. The parasite list includes not only species known for Lepidoptera such as Nosema sp. and Vairimorpha thomsoni, but also Vairimorpha (Nosema) ceranae as the typical pathogen from Apis mellifera, as well as Endoreticulatus cf poecilimonae, a pathogen similar to Endoreticulatus poecilimonae from Poecilimon thoracicus. Moreover, two isolates from the genus Tubulinosema identified in LS belong to the group of parasites with a very wide host range, including humans. In laboratory experiments, LS proved high sensitivity to microsporidia N. pyrausta from Ostrinia nubilalis and N. tyriae from Tyria jacobaeae. Its susceptibility to Paranosema locustae from Locusta migratoria has also been discovered.

The European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) has recently become very harmful to maize in the North of its range in Europe, primarily in Belarus. Conventional pheromone-trapping methods however show very low effectiveness. Our electrophysiological study did not reveal any impairment in peripheral sensitivity, but flight-tunnel responses were low. The reason for such discrepancy could lie in breeding of the Z race of moth coming with maize from south with local populations of the pest.

The article describes the technological processes for manufacturing high-voltage diodes, varicaps and Schottky diodes using layers of porous anodic oxide of silicon. It is shown that the growth features of anodic oxide of silicon at an increased voltage makes it possible to significantly improve the set of parameters and characteristics of both devices with p-n junctions and Schottky diodes.

The objective of this article is conducting the analysis of economic growth, being a key factor in the dynamics of level and quality of life of the population, as well as to develop the related suggestions, in order to accelerate and stabilize such processes in Ukraine. This research presents the analysis of the real GDP’s changing rate in recent years, along with the assessment of another evidence of the economic growth i.e. the income of the population. The related crosscountry comparative analysis of the level of population’s well-being has been performed. The reasons for Ukraine’s significant lagging behind its neighboring regions and other European countries in terms of main economic indicators have been determined. We’ve defined the “poverty trap”, the authors believe that it is the current state of Ukrainian Economy. The related suggestions aimed to accelerate and stabilize the economic growth in Ukraine have been developed.

The present status of two operating BINP electron-positron colliders VEPP-2000 and VEPP-4M is given.

The Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous tectonic evolution of SE Siberia was marked by the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk ocean. While this geodynamic event led to compressive deformation and denudation in a wide area encompassing the North-Altay, Sayan and Baikal Patom ranges, it was contemporaneous to widespread extension from the Transbaikal region situated immediately north of the suture zone to the Pacific plate, affecting eastern Mongolia and northeastern China. In this study we review the paleontological and sedimentological data available in the Russian literature and provide new macro-floral and palynological data from the Mesozoic sediments of three Transbaikal basins. These data are used to describe the paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic evolution of the Transbaikal area in order to assess the topographic evolution of the region in relation with the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk ocean. We establish that the Transbaikal basins evolved in a continuously extensional tectonic setting from at least the Early-Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. The associated sedimentary environments are characterized by retrogradation from alluvial fan–braided river dominated systems prevailing during the Early to Middle Jurassic initial opening of the basins to meandering river– lacustrine systems that developed during the Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous interval. No evidence of high relief topography was found and we conclude that, while compression and denudation occurred in the North Altai, Sayan and Patom ranges, in the Transbaikal region, the docking of the Mongolia-North China continent to Siberia was a “soft collision” event, possibly involving a major strike-slip displacement that did not lead to an orogenic event implying strong compressive deformation, crustal thickening and topography building.

Creating an innovation environment is shown in the context of interaction of economic agents in the creation and consumption of innovative value-based infrastructure approach. The problem of the complexity of collecting heterogeneous data on the formation and distribution of innovative value in the conditions of the dynamic nature of the research object and the environment is formulated. An information model providing a subject-independent representation of data on innovation value flows is proposed and allows to automate the processes of data collection and analysis with the minimization of time costs. The article was prepared in the course of carrying out research work within the framework of the project part of the state task in the field of scientific activity in accordance with the assignment 26.2758.2017 / 4.6 for 2017-2019. on the topic “System for analyzing the formation and distribution of the value of innovative products based on the infrastructure concept”.

The deposition of Jurassic continental sedimentary rocks in the southern part of the Siberian continent (Transbaikalia) reflects the intensification of tectonomagmatic processes in this region. The most likely cause of this intensification was associated with the formation and development of the Mongol-Okhotsk orogenic belt. The latter was controlled in its turn by the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean, for which the timing of its closure, as well as the formation of a collisional orogeny and its subsequent collapse are still under debate. We address this question by studying sediments of the Irkutsk Basin, which were deposited in a short time span in the Middle Jurassic, most likely during the Aalenian. The Sm-Nd data for bulk-rock sandstones demonstrate that the youngest samples of the Irkutsk Basin are characterized by a prominent contribution from a source within the juvenile crust of the Mongol-Okhotsk orogenic belt. U-Pb detrital zircon ages concur with the Sm-Nd data and show that the amount of material derived from local cratonic sources decreased in time whereas material from the remote Transbaikalian sources increased. Our data provide evidence that mountain growth in Transbaikalia intensified rapidly close to the Early and Middle Jurassic boundary.

The considerable attention is paid to information technologies in system of the higher education now. Using the latest technology, software and hardware in the learning process allows achieving high outcomes quality of study. The article deals with modern teaching technologies, including distance learning technology, case-technology, which is already used in practice in higher education. There remain unresolved issues of effective use of new learning technologies, the quality of the used software and hardware. The perspective directions of development of informatization of education are defined.

For more accurate calculation of structure it is required to apply loads in the process of its construction instead of load application after structure has taken its final form. This action is necessary in order to observe changes in the stress-strain state of the structure under study. This circumstance is important for the massive hydraulic structures, such as hydroelectric dams. It is required to determine tensions, deformations and displacements in solving the building-up tasks. It is necessary to consider the problem for constructions of linear and nonlinear materials and check the principle of superposition on which the method of solving nonlinear problems is based. Also it is necessary to consider the solution of finite element schemes with the help of various iterative methods, such as the method of additional loads and the method of variable.

Change control of enclosure structures state includes several tasks depending on a structural concept. To test the performance of thermal protective functions the distribution uniformity of the thermal field, possible losses or protection quality are controlled. Defects can emerge in bearing wall constructions, such as the material structure violation and it reduces the walls safety. Cracks, loose layer, loss of individual elements, the disclosure of stitches and so forth also lead to the change of the thermal field. Thermovision research based on the developed methodology helps to monitor emerging defects in the materials of buildings wall structure. Most of the detected thermal protection defects are not critical for the bearing capacity of building structures in general, but they are important for the microclimate of separate rooms.

Issue of construction of facilities in areas of weak saturated soils is becoming particularly relevant in recent years. This problem applies especially to objects of oil and gas industry. Saturated soils are characterized by a filtration anisotropy, an inhomogeneity and an ability to liquefy in violation of their structure because of water content. Therefore, the study of bearing capacity of such soils in the process of consolidation has significant practical importance in ensuring the reliability of structures. The formulation, the method and the algorithm for calculating the stress-strain state of weak saturated soils is described in this article. Solution of the consolidation task is based on the model of body forces of threecomponent soil considering the elastic-plastic deformation of its skeleton. Some results of calculations have been shown in this article.

The issues of modern urban development raise a significant question about an environmental cleanliness of progressing cities. Energy sources which are running on fuel cause tremendous harm to the atmosphere. Therefore, special attention is paid to the rational use of natural renewable resources such as wind and solar energy. Wind-electric sets, or wind turbines, are able to work autonomously, which is also important for the development of modern “smart” cities. Currently, the most commonly used design of wind turbines is the system which has the form of a tower of circular cross section (also called pipe), which carries at the upper end a nacelle with wind wheel. When such a system is being designed in urban conditions the wind pulsation and seismic calculations are added to the standard calculations. These added calculations are dynamic loads. It is known that in the process of solution of dynamic tasks design models of various levels of approximation can be used. It occurs due to stages of the design and other factors. The question of errors, which are associated with the use of a dissected, or partitioned, design scheme, raises.

Abstract Background Phytohormones are the key metabolites participating in the regulation of multiple functions of plant organism. Among them, jasmonates, as well as abscisic and salicylic acids are responsible for triggering and modulating plant reactions targeted against pathogens and herbivores, as well as resistance to abiotic stress (drought, UV-irradiation and mechanical wounding). These factors induce dramatic changes in phytohormone biosynthesis and transport leading to rapid local and systemic stress responses. Understanding of underlying mechanisms is of principle interest for scientists working in various areas of plant biology. However, highly sensitive, precise and high-throughput methods for quantification of these phytohormones in small samples of plant tissues are still missing. Results Here we present an LC-MS/MS method for fast and highly sensitive determination of jasmonates, abscisic and salicylic acids. A single-step sample preparation procedure based on mixed-mode solid phase extraction was efficiently combined with essential improvements in mobile phase composition yielding higher efficiency of chromatographic separation and MS-sensitivity. This strategy resulted in dramatic increase in overall sensitivity, allowing successful determination of phytohormones in small (less than 50 mg of fresh weight) tissue samples. The method was completely validated in terms of analyte recovery, sensitivity, linearity and precision. Additionally, it was cross-validated with a well-established GC-MS-based procedure and its applicability to a variety of plant species and organs was verified. Conclusion The method can be applied for the analyses of target phytohormones in small tissue samples obtained from any plant species and/or plant part relying on any commercially available (even less sensitive) tandem mass spectrometry instrumentation.

Background. Blepharitis is one of the most common eye diseases: it accounts for 23.3 % of the total number of patients with inflammatory eye diseases worldwide. 40.2 % of these patients seek outpatient care. The incidence of blepharitis is 1.5–2 times higher in women than in men. The leading factors in the development of blepharitis are both general (gastrointestinal tract diseases, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, systemic use of corticosteroids, etc.) and local (atopic and seborrheic dermatitis or rosacea). The main causative agents of this disease are Staphylococcus spp. (S. aureus, S. epidermidis). As a rule, the disease manifests itself in patients aged 30–50 years, while in women aged 40 to 45 years, 80 % of blepharitis are of staphylococcal origin. Currently, there are reports in the literature about apotential link between Helicobacter pylori infection and the development of chronic blepharitis, but the data are very contradictory.The aim of the study. To analyze the features of the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and inflammatory eyelid diseases.Materials and methods. We conducted a search and analysis of literary sources in the Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar databases, as well as in the Russian Science Citation Index database for the period from 2000 to 2022.Conclusion. The review analyzes and summarizes the pathogenic mechanisms of the relationship between chronic blepharitis and Helicobacter pylori. We carried out an analysis of numerous studies, which give grounds to assume a possible role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the development and course of inflammatory eyelid diseases (blepharitis). The main pathogenic aspects in these studies are: chronic inflammation of the eyelids and gastrointestinal tract (antigenic mimicry); excretion of toxic substances from the oral cavity (ammonia, hydrogen nitrite, hydrogen cyanide and other substances causing indirect inflammation of the conjunctiva and eyelid cartilage); the presence of Helicobacter pylori in tears.

The purpose and principles of operation of a civil aircraft emergency system including a power transfer unit are considered. Problems and trends of the development of piston hydraulic machines in aircraft construction are analyzed. The parameters of power transfer units used on 12 types of passenger airplanes are analyzed. The scenarios of failure of power transmission units are considered. The main directions of solving the problems of operation, as well as the requirements to design and testing are outlined.

Aim of investigation. To estimate efficacy and safety of various variants of sclerosing treatment of hemorrhoids at patients with severe concomitant diseases.Material and methods. At 13 patients with chronic hemorrhoids of 2–4 stages sclerosing treatment in combination to ultrasound cavitation, at 14 patients – sclerosing treatment without additional procedures was carried out.Results. Good and satisfactory results of treatment (termination or essential decrease of frequency and intensity of bleedings, decrease of degree of prolapse of hemorrhoids) after a week and month in both groups were identical. In 12 months good result after sclerosing treatment in combination to ultrasound cavitation is ascertained in 58,3% of cases, in the other group – in 15,4% (p

Aim: to summarize the literature data of use of laser technologies in the treatment of anorectal diseases. Key points. Lazer intervention technologies in the treatment of anorectal diseases such as haemorrhoids, anal fistula, anal fissure and pilonidal disease makes it possible to significantly reduce the intensity of pain syndrome, shorten the time of wound healing and also reduce the duration of the period of disability of the patient without worsening the quality of life. The main advantages of minimally invasive techniques are the absence of extensive wounds, minimal complications and reduction of the disease recurrence rate, minimally invasive methods are almost as effective as traditional ones. Besides, the use of laser allows to perform minimally invasive interventions under local anaesthesia in a day hospital. Conclusion. It is necessary to further study and improve the use of laser technologies in the treatment of anorectal diseases, and to actively introduce techniques into practice to improve the results of treatment of patients with these nosologies.

Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the increasing importance and complexity of horizontal public relations in socio-political processes, an increase in the number of practices of grassroots civic activity at the regional and local levels, including the use of new information and communication technologies. The purpose of the article is to identify the causes of initiation, the specifics of the organization and practical implementation of grassroots civic activity, as well as the specifics of the interaction of its key actors in modern socio-political conditions in the Yaroslavl region. Materials and Methods. The empirical basis of the study is 21 practices of grassroots civic engagement in the Yaroslavl region, the analysis of which was carried out by the case-study method with elements of comparative analysis. The case-study method made it possible to study these practices of grassroots civic engagement in their complexity and integrity, and also identified their key characteristics and factors influencing them. Results. A comparison of the main practices of grassroots civic engagement that have taken place in the Yaroslavl region in recent years has been made. The main mechanisms and subjects of grassroots civic engagement, processes of interaction between actors are identified. The role of information and communication technologies in the organization of grassroots civic engagement was determined. The problems of grassroots civic engagement organization and interaction of its key actors were also outlined. Discussion and Сonclusion. The study revealed the key characteristics of grassroots civic activity: significant actors, theirs goals, motives, resources and methods of action, features of media coverage and the use of information and communication technologies. The results of the study will be useful for improving the efficiency of the work of local authorities with various formal and informal organizations and associations of citizens. They will help to build work with these groups, taking into account the identified features in the implementation of practices of grassroots civil initiatives in the Yaroslavl region.

Purpose: Studying the effect of the Uddiyana Bandha (UB) yoga breathing exercise on blood flow in the marginal sinus (MS).Materials and methods: The study involved 16 people in whom blood flow in the MS was assessed against the background of free breathing, during voluntary expiratory apnea (VEA) — 5 seconds, and during UB — 5 seconds. The maximum blood flow velocity (Vmax), the time-averaged maximum velocity Vmean, and the index phase character (IP) were recorded.Results: When recording Vmax during VEA (stage 2) for 5 seconds, it did not show significant differences compared to free breathing (stage 1); within 5 seconds of execution, the UB (stage 3) was significantly higher than the baseline (stage 1), p < 0.001, and also higher than the VEA (stage 2), p < 0.001. Vmean PEA (stage 2) for 5 seconds was without significant differences compared to free breathing (stage 1). During 5 seconds of UB execution (stage 3), Vmean was higher than the baseline (stage 1), p < 0.001, and also higher than VEA (stage 2), p < 0.009. Against the background of free breathing (stage 1) and PEA (stage 2), the values of IP and were without significant differences compared to UB (stage 3).Conclusions: The UB breathing exercise increases the maximum linear blood flow velocity Vmax and the time-averaged maximum blood flow velocity Vmean in the MS, which may indicate activation of cerebral venous outflow during the exercise.

Abstract We present a map between the excitation of the symmetric-product orbifold CFT of T 4, and of the worldsheet-integrability description of AdS 3 × S 3 × T 4 of Lloyd, Ohlsson Sax, Sfondrini, and Stefański at k = 1. We discuss the map in the absence of RR fluxes, when the theory is free, and at small RR flux, h ≪ 1, where the symmetric-orbifold CFT is deformed by a marginal operator from the twist-two sector. We discuss the recent results of Gaberdiel, Gopakumar, and Nairz, who computed from the perturbed symmetric-product orbifold the central extension to the symmetry algebra of the theory and its coproduct. We show that it coincides with the h ≪ 1 expansion of the lightcone symmetry algebra known from worldsheet integrability, and that hence the S matrix found by Gaberdiel, Gopakumar, and Nairz maps to the one bootstrapped by the worldsheet integrability approach.

Resource use and diet specialisation of Madagascan dung beetles have been little studied especially concerning the possible associations between specific dung beetle and lemur species. Pilot studies have demonstrated that amplicon sequencing is a promising tool for the lemur inventories. In the present contribution, we report the results of the gut content analysis of three endemic Madagascan dung beetles species: Helictopleurus clouei (Harold), Epilissus apotolamproides (Lebis) and Nanos dubitatus (Lebis). Amplicon metagenomics revealed trophic associations of these species with Eulemur sanfordi (Archbold), Eu. fulvus (É.Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire) and Cheirogaleus crossleyi (Grandidier), respectively. The reads of other mammal species, revealed by the analysis, including putative contaminations, are discussed.

Abstract Grain boundaries (GBs) profoundly influence the properties and performance of materials, emphasizing the importance of understanding the GB structure and phase behavior. As recent computational studies have demonstrated the existence of multiple GB phases associated with varying the atomic density at the interface, we introduce a validated, open-source GRand canonical Interface Predictor (GRIP) tool that automates high-throughput, grand canonical optimization of GB structures. While previous studies of GB phases have almost exclusively focused on cubic systems, we demonstrate the utility of GRIP in an application to hexagonal close-packed titanium. We perform a systematic high-throughput exploration of tilt GBs in titanium and discover previously unreported structures and phase transitions. In low-angle boundaries, we demonstrate a coupling between point defect absorption and the change in the GB dislocation network topology due to GB phase transformations, which has important implications for the accommodation of radiation-induced defects.

In modern society, more and more students show an avoidance of participation in public and political life. This phenomenon causes serious concern and deserves attention from society. Modern students may feel helpless in the face of the complexity of political processes and their impact on everyday life. They may believe that their participation will not change anything and will not bring meaningful results. Such pessimism and alienation from politics form a negative image of a student who does not show interest in public affairs and leads to the choice of an evasion strategy, that is, avoidance and non-participation in socio-political processes. In this regard, the article analyzes the factors influencing the choice of an evasion strategy, identifies possible tactics and suggests ways to involve students in the socio-political sphere. The purpose of the study is to identify the causes, tactics and consequences of the use of evasion among students in the socio-political sphere, as well as ways to involve students in socio-political activities. The methods of collecting empirical data were: a series of focus groups among students in four regions: Kostroma, Vologda, Vladimir and Yaroslavl regions (the choice of regions is associated with the presence of universities in them, members of the consortium “Upper Volga - the territory of innovation”), in-depth interviews of experts (university administrators and teachers, representatives of public and student organizations working directly with young people within the framework of the main activities of their organizations), as well as content analysis of students’ essays. According to the results of the study, the main factors influencing the choice of an avoidance strategy by students were identified, the forms of student avoidance from socio-political life were determined, and ways of involvement were proposed.

Abstract The inclusion of an additional U(1) gauge L μ − L τ symmetry would release the tension between the measured and the predicted value of the anomalous muon magnetic moment: this paradigm assumes the existence of a new, light Z′ vector boson, with dominant coupling to μ and τ leptons and interacting with electrons via a loop mechanism. The L μ − L τ model can also explain the Dark Matter relic abundance, by assuming that the Z′ boson acts as a “portal” to a new Dark Sector of particles in Nature, not charged under known interactions. In this work we present the results of the Z′ search performed by the NA64-e experiment at CERN SPS, that collected ~ 9 × 1011 100 GeV electrons impinging on an active thick target. Despite the suppressed Z′ production yield with an electron beam, NA64-e provides the first accelerator-based results excluding the g − 2 preferred band of the Z′ parameter space in the 1 keV < m Z ′ $$ {m}_{Z^{\prime }} $$ ≲ 2 MeV range, in complementarity with the limits recently obtained by the NA64-μ experiment with a muon beam.

The article presents a new look at the content of personality-oriented pedagogical education, taking into account the patterns of professional development of future teachers, the peculiarities of structuring the content of education and the technologies used to form the personality of a future teacher as a subject of professional pedagogical activities. The authors believe that university pedagogy requires a different methodology for organizing pedagogical education, the purpose of which is to introduce future teachers to the essence of professional activities aimed at professional development. In the context of personality-oriented pedagogical education, the behavioral growth of future teachers associated with the assimilation of knowledge and methods of pedagogical activities is reflected in the student’s mind as a special goal and subject of educational and professional activities. As a result, professional development appears as the construction of oneself in the area of the university educational process.

Background. Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) Score is a single-answer scale widely used within the global medical community. However, to date, it has not been adapted and validated into Russian, particularly as a tool to assess orthopedic shoulder conditions. The aim of the study is to conduct a cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Russian version of the SANE score as an assessment tool of orthopedic shoulder conditions. Methods. The study included a total of 160 patients with various shoulder pathologies, of which 101 (63%) males and 59 (37%) females. The median age was 45 (37-52) years. At the first stage of the study, we performed cross-cultural adaptation of the SANE score into Russian. The second stage was the validation of the obtained score. Its reliability, validity and responsiveness were evaluated. Reliability was assessed by “test-retest” method. It allowed to measure an intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) between the SANE score results obtained at the time of the first appointment and again in 14 days. The validity assessment was based on the comparison of the SANE and ASES (have already been adapted into Russian) score results. Responsiveness was assessed using statistical analysis for two dependent samples and calculation of the Guyatt’s Responsivity Index (GRI). Floor and ceiling effects were evaluated as the percentage of patients who reported either minimum or maximum scores. Results. The psychometric properties assessment has revealed good indicators of reliability (ICC = 0.77), validity (a strong direct correlation between SANE and ASES scores = 0.707; a moderate strength inverse correlation with ASES “Intensity of pain” subsection = 0.542) and responsiveness (GRI = 1.861). Floor and ceiling effects accounted for 1% and 3%, respectively, (all below 15%). Conclusions. Adapted to assess the shoulder conditions, the Russian version of the SANE score has good psychometric properties. Its advantage is the combination of completion speed and ease of use with a high-quality integrated subjective assessment of the patients’ set of complaints.

В статье рассматривается вопрос технологии максимально точной фиксации объектов разного типоразмера с помощью фотограмметрии, а также возможности работы с полученной цифровой копией объекта. Современные цифровые технологии позволяют проводить более точную фиксацию и разностороннее изучение, получая при этом не только более детальную, но и более полную информацию об объекте исследования. Применение фотограмметрии в археологии уже стало неотъемлемой частью исследований, но, несмотря на свою эффективность, она сталкивается с такими проблемами, как необходимость наличия относительно дорогостоящего оборудования и специальных знаний. В статье рассмотрено применение такой технологии на примере трех объектов разного типа и размера — раскоп 2022 г. на памятнике Усть-Теплая в Чарыш-ском районе Алтайского края, тюркского изваяния из Бийского краеведческого музея им. Бианки и фрагмента зеркала из Бийского краеведческого музея. В результате проведенных работ выявлено, что качество и точность конечной модели зависят в первую очередь от разрешения фотографии на данном участке объекта, которая должна содержать необходимый уровень пиксельной детализации. Отмечено, что, чем меньше предмет и чем больше он содержит мелких деталей, тем больше возможных геометрических искажений 3D-модели, поэтому необходимо более скрупулёзно подходить к процессу съемки, калибровке камеры и коррекции ошибок. Отдельно рассмотрены возможность ортогональных компьютерных визуализаций без перспективных искажений и выделение выбитых рисунков, в том числе малозаметных. В результате сделан вывод о том, что фотограмметрия в археологии имеет большие перспективы, которые могут существенно изменить способы исследования и сохранения археологических находок, а также рассмотрены некоторые из потенциальных направлений ее развития.

In open terrestrial biomes of Holarctic realm, ground squirrels are recognised as keystone species inhabiting steppes. They shape the plant species composition and diversity and support a fauna of species associated with their burrows. Ground squirrels and associated dung-beetles are important elements of the steppe food webs, yet the trophic associations between species are still poorly studied.The area in the northern outskirts of Obshchy Syrt plateau, on the border of Samara and Orenburg Provinces of Russia was surveyed and scarab beetles (Scarabaeidae) feeding on steppe marmot (Marmota bobak (Müller, 1776)) faeces were collected from six localities. Twenty eight species of two subfamilies – Aphodiinae and Scarabaeinae, - were identified with the majority of species belonging the genus Aphodius Hellwig, 1798. Seven species are recorded as consumers of marmot faeces for the first time. Only two nidicolous specialist species were found which suggests that the studied population of steppe marmots is as result of the recent secondary colonisation and not all the associated scarab beetle faunas were re-established.

Abstract The ability to finely tune the properties of magnetic topological insulators (TIs) is crucial for quantum electronics. We studied solid solutions with a general formula GexMn1-xBi2Te4 between two isostructural Z2 TIs, magnetic MnBi2Te4 and nonmagnetic GeBi2Te4 with Z2 invariants of 1;000 and 1;001, respectively. We observed linear x-dependent magnetic properties, composition-independent pairwise exchange interactions, and topological phase transitions (TPTs) between topologically nontrivial phases and the semimetal state. The TPTs are driven purely by the variation of orbital contributions. By tracing the x-dependent Bi 6p contribution to the states near the fundamental gap, the effective spin-orbit coupling variation is extracted. The gapless state observed at x = 0.42 closely resembles a Dirac semimetal above the Néel temperature and shows a magnetic gap below, which is clearly visible in raw photoemission data. The observed behavior demonstrates an ability to precisely control topological and magnetic properties of TIs.