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Abstract Ischaemic bowel disease (ICBD) is a group of intestinal ischaemia syndromes caused by various aetiologies of reduced intestinal blood flow or vascular occlusion. ICBD can present as abdominal pain, bloody stool, and diarrhoea. This disease often occurs in middle-aged and elderly individuals with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The incidence of ischaemic bowel disease has been increasing for decades, and it is difficult to diagnose, resulting in rapid disease progression and a high mortality rate. Therefore, fully understanding this disease, improving the diagnosis rate of this disease, and finding appropriate treatment methods are urgently needed to improve the condition and prognosis of patients. Umbilical cord blood stem cells are accessible, have weak immunogenicity, and have various biological functions, such as angiogenesis, inflammation and immune regulation. Many studies have confirmed that cord blood stem cells can relieve ischaemia, and these cells have attracted tremendous amounts of attention in regenerative medicine in recent years. In this paper, we discuss the clinical characteristics of ICBD, analyse the characteristics of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (HUCB-MNCs), and use its to treat ischaemic bowel disease. Additionally, we compare the clinical manifestations and related indicators before and after treatment to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these methods.

Summary: This study explores the use of large language models (LLMs) in interpreting and predicting experimental outcomes based on given experimental variables, leveraging the human-like reasoning and inference capabilities of LLMs, using selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 as a case study. We implement the chain of thought (CoT) concept to formulate logical steps for uncovering connections within the data, introducing an “Ordered-and-Structured” CoT (OSCoT) prompting strategy. We compare the OSCoT strategy with the more conventional “One-Pot” CoT (OPCoT) approach and with human experts. We demonstrate that GPT-4, equipped with this new OSCoT prompting strategy, outperforms the other two settings and accurately predicts experimental outcomes and provides intuitive reasoning for its predictions.

Zeolite-based materials are widely used as adsorbents and catalysts for purifying air pollutants like NOx and VOCs due to abundant pore structure, regular pore distribution, and numerous ion exchange sites. Thermal treatment is a necessary procedure for both removing impurities in pores and promoting the metal active dispersed evenly before the zeolite-based adsorbents/catalysts were applied for purifying the NOx/VOCs. Nevertheless, the conventional thermal field treatment (i.e., high-temperature calcination, high-temperature purging, etc.) takes large energy consumption. In contrast, unconventional external-field treatments such as non-thermal plasma and microwave show significant advantages of high efficiency, low energy consumption as well and low pollution, which were used to substitute the traditional thermal treatment in many fields. In this paper, the roles of non-thermal plasma or microwave in the adsorption/catalysis of the NOx/VOCs are reviewed from three aspects assisting activation of materials, cooperative catalysis process, and assisting zeolites synthesis. The reasons for unconventional treatments in improving textural properties, active sites, performance, etc. of zeolite-based materials were illuminated in detail. Moreover, the influences of various parameters (i.e., power, time, temperature, etc.) on the above aspects are elaborated. It is hoped that this review could provide some advanced guidance for the researchers to develop highly efficient materials.

In this study, the Co(3-x)MnxO4@TiO2 core-shell catalysts prepared by sol-gel and external kinetic coating method were investigated for DeNOx by response surface methodology (RSM) using 3-factor with 5-level experiments. Compared with CoMn2O4 sample, the CoMn2O4@TiO2 catalyst was optimized to obtain almost 100% NOx conversion at 125°C to 225°C that also maintained above 80% SCR activity with 100 ppm SO2 and 10 vol.% H2O in the testing time within 24 h. The XRD and Raman show a clear distinction of that CoMn2O4 spinel phase was well-dispersed on anatase TiO2 over CoMn2O4@TiO2 catalyst, which exhibited a core-shell structure with obvious distribution boundary of CoMn2O4 core coated by TiO2 shell confirmed by TEM images. This intact catalyst presented complete TiO2 coating structure due to the detected bonds Mn-O, Co-O and particular Ti-O via FT-IR analysis. NH3-TPD and H2-TPR profiles indicated that the CoMn2O4@TiO2 catalyst owned more acid sites, stronger acidity and enhanced redox capacities benefiting from its core-shell structure after TiO2 coating. According to XPS analysis, higher content of (Mn3++Mn4+)/(Mn2++Mn3++Mn4+) (77.7%), Co3+/ (Co2+ + Co3+) (53.5%) and surface oxygen (26.1%) were in favour of valence electron interaction (Mn4++Co2+↔Mn3++ Co3+, Mn3++Ti4+↔Mn4++ Ti3+). The NH3-SCR reaction pathways over CoMn2O4 and CoMn2O4@TiO2 catalysts were compared and proposed through DRIFTS experiments, which mainly follows the typical Eley-Rideal (E-R) mechanism, while the Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) mechanism is weak at 225 °C. This study opens up a new avenue for designing efficient and environment-friendly NH3-SCR catalysts and looks promising for practical application.

Catalytic hydrolysis technology of carbonyl sulfide (COS) at low temperature was reviewed, including the development of catalysts, reaction kinetics, and reaction mechanism of COS hydrolysis. It was indicated that the catalysts are mainly involved metal oxide and activated carbon. The active ingredients which can load on COS hydrolysis catalyst include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal oxides, rare earth metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, and nanometal oxides. The catalytic hydrolysis of COS is a first-order reaction with respect to carbonyl sulfide, while the reaction order of water changes as the reaction conditions change. The controlling steps are also different because the reaction conditions such as concentration of carbonyl sulfide, reaction temperature, water-air ratio, and reaction atmosphere are different. The hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide is base-catalyzed reaction, and the force of the base site has an important effect on the hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide.