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Abstract Background Castanea sativa Mill. is important for ecosystems and societies. Its rich historical and cultural significance, remarkable ecological contributions, and diverse applications have inspired scientific research. This comprehensive review and conceptual mapping of chestnut research consolidates existing knowledge, identifies emerging trends, and highlights untapped potential to inform future investigations. First, the Scopus database was searched to retrieve all data-driven articles in English related to C. sativa published in English from 1951 to 2023. Second, the R language, Scopus Analytics, and VOSviewer were used to analyze the year of publication, authors, countries, affiliations, keywords, and citations. Finally, network analysis was performed to evaluate the hotspots and developmental trends of C. sativa. A total of 1889 research articles were recovered. Results The articles showed an exponential progression, with a regression coefficient of 0.9435 (R2) and an annual growth rate of 6.28%. Italy (19.87%), Spain (15.56%), Portugal (13.39%), Turkey (6.92%), and Switzerland (5.17%) were the most prolific countries. C. sativa (798), sweet chestnut (54), cryphonectria parasitica (44), honey (38), phenolic compounds (35), chestnut blight (33) and antioxidant activity (31) are the keywords that occur the most frequently. The main research groups in the thematic map are "forest management," "Cryphonectria parasitica," "wood," "Spain" and "ethnobotany." Research on C. sativa has all the basic, motor, niche, and emerging or declining themes. Forest management, drought, Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi, C. sativa shells, amino acids, honey, phenolic compounds, hydrolyzable tannins, antioxidant capacity, antioxidants, and extractives are trending topics. Conclusions This bibliometric analysis highlights the importance of C. sativa research, revealing its ecological contributions, cultural significance, and diverse applications. Future studies should focus on forest management, drought resistance, and bioactive properties to ensure sustainable utilization.

Introduction Previous studies have identified several risk factors for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study was intended to examine the potential risk of ACS associated with khat and tobacco use. Methods A case-control study of 344 people (172 cases and 172 controls) was conducted at Prince Mohammed Bin Nasser Hospital in Jazan, Saudi Arabia, from April to September 2019. The cases and controls were matched for age (±5 years) and gender. Data were analyzed using descriptive, inferential, and modeling analyses. We utilized the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) to express the results. Results The prevalence of ever khat chewing among all study participants was 29.1%, significantly higher for the cases with ACS than for the control group (43.6% vs 14.5%, p 0.05). In the final model, tobacco use was more likely to be reported among cases with myocardial infarction (MI) (AOR=4.58; 95% CI: 1.01–4.73, p

Objective: Frankincense (Boswellia) and Myrrh (Commiphora) are natural substances that have a long history of traditional use and potential therapeutic applications. This study aimed to provide comprehensive insights into the literature on Frankincense and Myrrh research (FMR) by examining patterns, perspectives, and research trends within the research landscape. Methods: This bibliometric study utilized MeSH-generated terms, followed the PRISMA guidelines, and analyzed English-based bibliographic data from original studies retrieved from the Scopus database. The VOSviewer and Bibliometrix applications were employed to analyze the CVS and BibTex data consisting of 955 records. This study focuses on publication trends, research topics, citation counts, research impacts, and collaboration dynamics. Results: The analysis revealed a steady increase in FMR, indicating growing interest in these substances. Egypt, the United States, and Saudi Arabia are the most prolific countries in terms of research output. FMR primarily focuses on chemical composition, pharmacological properties, and medicinal applications. Key research topics include identification and analysis of bioactive compounds, optimization of extraction techniques, and evaluation of their therapeutic potential. Surprisingly, the thematic map was overwhelmed by the niche, motor, basic, and emerging themes. Trending topics in FMR include “Myrrh oil”, “sesquiterpene”, “tapping”, “triterpenoids”, and “allergic contact dermatitis”. Collaboration networks highlight the involvement of diverse stakeholders, indicating the importance of multidisciplinary and international collaboration in advancing the field. Conclusions: These insights contribute to a better understanding of the research landscape of FMR, guiding future studies and facilitating the utilization of these natural substances for the benefit of society.

This study analyzed the growth, collaboration, citation trends, and emerging topics in nanoparticle-based vaccine and adjuvant research (NVAR) from 1977 to 2023, using data from the Scopus database. The field showed a steady growth rate of 7.53% per year. Leading researchers Jaafari, M.R. and Alving, C.R. contributed significantly to the field, with 24.22% of publications and 38.92% of total citations coming from the United States. International collaboration was very strong, particularly between the US, UK, Germany, China, and France. Key research topics include nanoparticles, immunotherapy, COVID-19, and vaccines with a focus on SARS-CoV-2 and malaria. Emerging topics include vaccine adjuvants, mRNA, and neutralizing antibodies. This study emphasizes the importance of ongoing collaboration and interdisciplinary efforts to advance the field of NVAR.

AbstractResearch on camel milk and urine (CMUR) has gained significant attention because of its nutritional and medicinal applications. The aim of this study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the CMUR from 1947 to 2023. Following PRISMA rules, the Scopus database was used to extract 1338 English-language studies, which were analyzed using Scopus Analytics, Bibliometrix, and VOSviewer. The findings indicated that 7.78% of studies focused on camel urine within the CMUR domain. The analysis showed a steady increase in the number of publications over 77 years (R-squared = 0.8308). The CMUR encompasses a wide range of research disciplines, with particular emphasis on the agricultural and medical fields. Saudi Arabia is the top producer of CMUR, with the Journal of Camel Practice and Research being the most prolific source. King Saud University contributed 103 documents to the CMUR, making it the most prolific institution globally. The co-word analysis identified seven prominent research themes within the CMUR, which can be further categorized into four distinct clusters. Notably, ‘Probiotics’, ‘Anti-inflammatory’, and ‘Diabetes’ emerged as trending subjects. The analysis of the CMUR yielded significant insights into the present research trends, identified gaps in the existing knowledge, and provided valuable recommendations for future investigations.

Background: Research on Coffea arabica focuses on various aspects, including genetics, breeding, climate change resilience, pest and disease management, agronomy, sensory analysis, and sustainability. This study aims to analyze the hotspots, conceptual map and dynamicity, global landscape, and emerging trends in Coffea arabica research (CA-R). Methods: A comprehensive dataset comprising data-driven articles (N = 3967) from 1932 to 2023 was extracted from Scopus using predefined search terms. VOSviewer and Bibliometrix applications were utilized to analyze the data. Thematic evolution was examined by identifying shifts in research focus over time. The global landscape was assessed by examining comparative productivity and collaborative dynamics. Highly-cited CA-R was identified to highlight key findings in specific research areas. Results: The analysis revealed a steady growth of CA-R (annual growth rate = 6.53 %), with strong international collaboration (international co-authorships = 29.35 %) and significant contributions from various countries. Brazil leads the way with 1601 publications, accounting for 28.55 % of the total. Recognizable CA-R focused on important areas such as pollination, shade management, nanotechnology applications, roasting effects, disease management, and environmental impacts. Thematic analysis identified five distinct clusters representing different CA-R themes: “coffee”, “coffea,” “fermentation,” “Coffea arabica,” and “climate change.” Emerging themes such as ''in vitro culture,'' ''sustainable agriculture,'' ''climate change,'' and ''coffee berry borer'' were also identified. Conclusion: The current findings enhance our understanding of CA-R and lay the groundwork for future studies in the coffee industry.

Background: Accumulating evidence indicates that the incidence of cancer is increasing in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This analysis aimed to determine the current cancer research output in the UAE to guide future national research. Methods: The Scopus database was searched for cancer-related bibliographic data from the UAE. The number of publications, citation analysis, co-authorship of the author, institution, and country, keyword co-occurrence, and reference co-citations were analyzed using the R-studio bibliometrics package and VOSviewer software. Results: A total of 1678 journal articles were retrieved from 1981 to 2022. Cancer research in the UAE (UCR) is increasing at a rate of 14.64% (R-squared = 0.75; F = 46.477; P

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy that contains hereditary subgroups. AML can arise as a result of a previous myeloid malignancy. AML's molecular pathogenesis is not yet complete. NADPH quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQ01), which is linked to AML, is one of a few handfuls of genes that have a role in AML pathogenesis. The goal of this study was to look at the roles of C609T and C465T polymorphisms in the NQ01 gene in the development of AML in Saudis. In this experimental study, 100 AML patients and 100 healthy controls were chosen. For the C609T and C465T PCR products, restriction enzymes were utilized in this study. AML cases and controls were investigated for genotype and allele frequencies. The average age of AML patients and control subjects was 39.9 ± 12.06 years. AML patients were 61% male and 39% female, while controls were 54% male and 46% female. The C609T and C465T polymorphisms in the NQ01 gene were not linked with any of the genotypes (p > 0.05). According to the findings of this investigation, the C609T and C465T polymorphisms play no effect in AML patients in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Monkeypox viral infection is considered as global public health and a rare disease caused by Monkeypox virus (MPXV), which is caused by smallpox-like virus and it causes pustules all over the body. MPV is an emerging zoonotic infection with sporadic occurrence globally and multiple outbreaks have been reported in African regions. The story of MPXV has been started since 1970 in Democratic republic of Cargo. The high cases of MPXV was majorly detected in Congo Rain Forest region in Africa. Animal-human (Zoonotic) transmission occurred, although the individual infected animal was not recognized. Human-human transmission occurs and is difficult until bodily fluids or respiratory droplets are exchanged. If a specific individual uses an infected person's towels or bed sheets, infection may occur. Aim: The aim of this review is to document the methods of diagnosis, treatments (vaccines) and future role of MPXV in human population. Output: The diagnosis is confirmed mainly through clinical diagnosis and then laboratory diagnosis such as cell-culture, serological and Polymerase Chain Reaction tests. Presently, there is no vaccine for MPXV but the smallpox vaccine will protect. The old vaccine includes antivirals approved for use against Orthopoxvirus, such as tecovirimat, which can treat up to 85 % of MPXV in humans. MPXV is now considered as transmission virus which affects from human to humans. The fatality rate was documented to be 3–10 % in children and in adults it is very low. Conclusion: This review concludes MPXV is not as contagious as COVID-19 but proper measures should be taken as mentioned in this review to avoid MPXV. Presently, controlling MPXV presents unique challenges, and future prospective global studies in antivirals for this disease, as well as an MPXV vaccines, are recommended to eliminate this virus.

Objective: This study describes the development of a cost-effective and sensitive immunosensor for rapid detection of the dengue virus (DENV) antigen in human plasma. Methods: Screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) were used to fabricate the immunosensor by immobilizing the DENV antibodies to its surface using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino propyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (EDC/s-NHS) as linker. The detection of the antigen–antibody interaction was achieved by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) using potentiostat instrument and a sensor connector. The developed method was validated as per the ICH guidelines for linearity, sensitivity and accuracy. Results: The developed immunosensors showed excellent sensitivities in detecting the DENV antigens in both phosphate buffer saline (PBS) maintained at pH 7.4 as well as diluted human plasma. The limit of detection (LOD) values obtained in PBS was 0.11 nM; whereas in human plasma, it was calculated to be 0.16 nM. Good linearity was obtained for both PBS and human plasma over a wide range of concentrations showing promising applications of the immunosensor in both qualitative and quantitative detection of dengue virus antigen. Also, the developed immunosensor was able to detect the dengue antigen in 5 min showing rapid detection. Conclusion: A sensitive, reliable and cost-effective biosensor was developed which was able to detect the dengue virus antigen selectively and rapidly.

Vaccination is a groundbreaking approach in preventing and controlling infectious diseases. However, the effectiveness of vaccines can be greatly enhanced by the inclusion of adjuvants, which are substances that potentiate and modulate the immune response. This review is based on extensive searches in reputable databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The goal of this review is to provide a thorough analysis of the advances in the field of adjuvant research, to trace the evolution, and to understand the effects of the various adjuvants. Historically, alum was the pioneer in the field of adjuvants because it was the first to be approved for use in humans. It served as the foundation for subsequent research and innovation in the field. As science progressed, research shifted to identifying and exploiting the potential of newer adjuvants. One important area of interest is nano formulations. These advanced adjuvants have special properties that can be tailored to enhance the immune response to vaccines. The transition from traditional alum-based adjuvants to nano formulations is indicative of the dynamism and potential of vaccine research. Innovations in adjuvant research, particularly the development of nano formulations, are a promising step toward improving vaccine efficacy and safety. These advances have the potential to redefine the boundaries of vaccination and potentially expand the range of diseases that can be addressed with this approach. There is an optimistic view of the future in which improved vaccine formulations will contribute significantly to improving global health outcomes.

Acute Myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common leukemia among adult population which begins with the bone marrow, but it frequently spreads to the blood stream as well. One of the common polymorphisms in AML is A66G in Methionine Synthase Reductase (MTRR), which converts isoleucine into methionine residue in the protein chain, the methionine/homocysteine cycle is disrupted. Limited studies were documented between A66G polymorphism in MTRR gene with AML. This study aimed to investigate the A66G polymorphism in MTRR gene with AML patients in the Saudi population. Peripheral blood was collected from 100 AML patients and 100 controls and DNA was isolated. Using A66G primers, polymerase chain reaction was performed followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The mean age of both cases and controls was found to be an average of 39 years. Allele (G vs A: OR-3.41 [95 %CI: 1.87–11.24; p = 0.0001) and genotype analysis (GG vs AA: OR-3.43 [95 %CI: 1.45–8.11]; p = 0.0004) has shown the association. In conclusion, A66G polymorphism has a strong genetic role in the AML patients in Saudi population.

A high increase witnessed in type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) globally has increasingly posed a serious threat to global increases in liver cancer with the association between diabetes mellitus type II and the survival rate in liver cancer patients showing unstable findings. An increase in the development and progression of chronic liver disease from diabetes mellitus patients may be connected to cancer of the liver with several links such as Hepatitis B and C virus and heavy consumption of alcohol. The link between T2DM patients and liver cancer is centered on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which could be a serious threat globally if not clinically addressed. Several reports identified metformin treatment as linked to a lower risk of liver cancer prognosis while insulin treatment or sulphonylureas posed a serious threat. Mechanistically, the biological linkage between diabetes type II mellitus and liver cancer are still complex to understand with only the existence of a relationship between NAFLD and high level of energy intake and diabetes mellitus induces hepatic damage, increased liver weight thereby causes multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines that lead to the development of liver cancer. Therefore, this review gives an account of the pathophysiological importance of liver cancer position with T2DM, with the role of NAFLD as an important factor that bridges them.

Arthrospira platensis (Ap) has several advantageous adaptive mechanisms including its efficient response to elevated oxidative stress (OS). This study intends to identify the antioxidant effect, in vitro and in vivo, of a novel peptide (GP13), Ap-derived cysteine-desulfurase (CDS) peptide, for antioxidant role and the associated mechanism(s) by which the GP13 elicits cytoprotection under elevated OS.Using bioinformatics tools, a short sequence of amino acids GP13 with a predicted antioxidant effect has been identified from the cysteine sulfurase domain of ApCDS between 243 and 616 amino acids. The synthesized GP13 peptide expressed significant antioxidant activity against free-radicals at various concentrations (10–80 µM), as established through the DPPH, ABTS, SARS, and HRS assays.Besides, GP13 demonstrated no cytotoxicity on Vero cells and human leucocytes. In H2O2-induced human leucocytes, the peptide exhibited maximum ROS scavenging activity at a concentration of 80 µM. Reduced apoptotic body formation was identified using Hoechst 33,342 staining in GP13-exposed Vero cells. In vivo results revealed that pre-treated zebrafish larvae with GP13 (10–80 µM) ameliorated the H2O2-induced oxidative damage. Further, GP13 inhibited the H2O2-induced caspase-3-dependent apoptotic response at 96 h post fertilized (hpf) zebrafish larvae.Together, results demonstrated that in GP13 treated (80 µM) zebrafish there was a reduction in the expression of lipid peroxidation level; and an increase in antioxidant-enzymes. Therefore, it is possible that GP13 peptide derived from ApCDS has in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity and that GP13 should be further investigated for potential therapeutic utility in OS-mediated complications.

The Curcuma longa plant is endowed with multiple traditional and therapeutic utilities and is here explored for its phytochemical constituents and cytotoxic potential. Turmeric rhizomes were extracted from three different solvents and screened for the presence of different phytochemical constituents, observation of which indicated that the polar solvents favoured extraction of greater versatile phytochemical constituents. These extracts were investigated for their cytotoxic potential by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay on three different of cell lines including SCC-29B (oral cancer cell line), DU-145 (prostate cancer cell line) and the Vero cell line (healthy cell line/non-cancerous cell line). This assay was performed by taking three extracts from isolated curcuminoids and a pure bioactive compound bisdemethoxycurcumin (BD). Bisdemethoxycurcumin was isolated from curcuminoids and purified by column and thin-layer chromatography, and its structural characterisation was performed with different spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, NMR (1H Proton and 13C Carbon-NMR) and LC-MS. Amongst the extracts, the ethanolic extracts exhibited stronger cytotoxic potential against the oral cancer cell line (SCC-29B) with an IC50value of 11.27 μg/mL, and that this was too low of a cytotoxicity against the Vero cell line. Although, curcuminoids have also shown a comparable cytotoxic potential against SCC-29B (IC50 value 16.79 μg/mL), it was not as potent against the ethanolic extract, and it was even found to be cytotoxic against healthy cell lines at a very low dose. While considering the isolated compound, bisdemethoxycurcumin, it also possessed a cytotoxic potential against the prostate cancer cell line (DU-145) (IC50 value of 93.28 μg/mL), but was quite safe for the healthy cell line in comparison to doxorubicin.