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ABSTRACT Background : The II Brazilian Consensus on Gastric Cancer of the Brazilian Gastric Cancer Association BGCA (Part 1) was recently published. On this occasion, countless specialists working in the treatment of this disease expressed their opinion in the face of the statements presented. Aim : To present the BGCA Guidelines (Part 2) regarding indications for surgical treatment, operative techniques, extension of resection and multimodal treatment. Methods: To formulate these guidelines, the authors carried out an extensive and current review regarding each declaration present in the II Consensus, using the Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Library and SciELO databases initially with the following descriptors: gastric cancer, gastrectomy, lymphadenectomy, multimodal treatment. In addition, each statement was classified according to the level of evidence and degree of recommendation. Results : Of the 43 statements present in this study, 11 (25,6%) were classified with level of evidence A, 20 (46,5%) B and 12 (27,9%) C. Regarding the degree of recommendation, 18 (41,9%) statements obtained grade of recommendation 1, 14 (32,6%) 2a, 10 (23,3%) 2b e one (2,3%) 3. Conclusion : The guidelines complement of the guidelines presented here allows surgeons and oncologists who work to combat gastric cancer to offer the best possible treatment, according to the local conditions available.

ABSTRACT Background: The II Brazilian Consensus on Gastric Cancer by the Brazilian Gastric Cancer Association (ABCG) was recently published. On this occasion, several experts in gastric cancer expressed their opinion before the statements presented. Aim: To present the ABCG Guidelines (part 1) regarding the diagnosis, staging, endoscopic treatment and follow-up of gastric cancer patients. Methods: To forge these Guidelines, the authors carried out an extensive and current review regarding each statement present in the II Consensus, using the Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Library and SciELO databases with the following descriptors: gastric cancer, staging, endoscopic treatment and follow-up. In addition, each statement was classified according to the level of evidence and degree of recommendation. Results: Of the 24 statements, two (8.3%) were classified with level of evidence A, 11 (45.8%) with B and 11 (45.8%) with C. As for the degree of recommendation, six (25%) statements obtained grade of recommendation 1, nine (37.5%) recommendation 2a, six (25%) 2b and three (12.5%) grade 3. Conclusion: The guidelines presented here are intended to assist professionals working in the fight against gastric cancer with relevant and current information, granting them to be applied in the daily medical practice.

ABSTRACT Background: Since the publication of the first Brazilian Consensus on Gastric Cancer (GC) in 2012 carried out by the Brazilian Gastric Cancer Association, new concepts on diagnosis, staging, treatment and follow-up have been incorporated. Aim: This new consensus is to promote an update to professionals working in the fight against GC and to provide guidelines for the management of patients with this condition. Methods: Fifty-nine experts answered 67 statements regarding the diagnosis, staging, treatment and prognosis of GC with five possible alternatives: 1) fully agree; 2) partially agree; 3) undecided; 4) disagree and 5) strongly disagree A consensus was adopted when at least 80% of the sum of the answers “fully agree” and “partially agree” was reached. This article presents only the responses of the participating experts. Comments on each statement, as well as a literature review, will be presented in future publications. Results: Of the 67 statements, there was consensus in 50 (74%). In 10 declarations, there was 100% agreement. Conclusion: The gastric cancer treatment has evolved considerably in recent years. This consensus gathers consolidated principles in the last decades, new knowledge acquired recently, as well as promising perspectives on the management of this disease.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of the cellulosic exopolysaccharide membrane (CEM) as a urethral reinforcement for urethrovesical anastomosis. Methods: Twenty eight rabbits were submitted to urethrovesical anastomosis with or without CEM reinforcement. The animals were divided into 4 groups: C7, CEM7, C14 and CEM14: (C= only anastomosis or CEM = anastomosis + CEM), evaluated after 7 weeks, and 14 weeks. The biointegration and biocompatibility of CEM were evaluated according to stenosis, fistula, urethral wall thickness, urethral epithelium, rate of inflammation and vascularization. Results: Between the two experimental groups, the difference in the number of stenosis or urinary fistula was not statistically significant. The morphometric analysis revealed preservation of urethral lumen, well adhered CEM without extrusion, a controlled inflammatory process and implant vascularization. The urothelium height remained constant over time after CEM reinforcement and the membrane wall was thicker, statistically, after 14 weeks. Conclusion: The absence of extrusion, stenosis or urinary fistula after 14 weeks of urethrovesical anastomosis demonstrates cellulosic exopolysaccharide membrane biocompatibility and biointegration with tendency to a thicker wall.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the effects of nicotine patch on pain control, occurrence of nausea and its hemodynamic repercussions in laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedures. Methods: we conducted an analytical, prospective, randomized, triple-blinded, clinical study between January and July 2017. The sample consisted of 17 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for the treatment of cholelithiasis. Nine patients used nicotine patch, and eight, placebo patch. The studied variables were pain, nausea, patient satisfaction, blood pressure, heart rate, oximetry and morphine rescue. Results: taking into account the pain and nausea parameters, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). Also, the evaluation of rescue medication, both opioids and prokinetics, did not show any significant statistical difference between the groups. Among the hemodynamic parameters, there was only one statistically significant difference in the analysis of oxygen saturation and systolic blood pressure (SBP) six hours after surgery: the mean oxygen saturation was higher in the Test group (97.89 x 95.88) and the mean SBP was higher in the Control group (123.89 x 110.0). Conclusion: although pain levels were lower for nicotine within 24 hours, the action of nicotine and the need for rescue opioids in pain control were not statistically significant between the groups and at the time intervals studied. There was no clinical repercussion in the hemodynamic parameters.

Background The incidence of surgical site infection in bariatric patients is significant and the current recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis are sometimes inadequate. Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of three prophylactic antibiotic regimens on the incidence of surgical site infection. Methods A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2009 and January 2013 in which 896 Roux-en-Y gastric bypasses were performed to treat obesity. The study compared three groups of patients according to the perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis administered intravenously and beginning at anesthesia induction: Group I consisting of 194 patients treated with two 3-g doses of ampicillin/sulbactam; Group II with 303 patients treated with a single 1-g dose of ertapenem; and Group III with 399 patients treated with a 2-g dose of cefazolin at anesthesia induction followed by a continuous infusion of cefazolin 1g throughout the surgical procedure. The rate of surgical site infection was analyzed, as well as its association with age, sex, preoperative weight, body mass index and comorbidities. Results The rates of surgical site infection were 4.16% in the group treated prophylactically with ampicillin/sulbactam, 1.98% in the ertapenem group and 1.55% in the continuous cefazolin group. Conclusion The prophylactic use of continuous cefazolin in surgeries for morbid obesity shows very promising results. These findings suggest that some prophylactic regimens need to be reconsidered and even substituted by more effective therapies for the prevention of surgical site infections in bariatric patients.

O objetivo deste estudo é relatar o caso de uma gestante de 20 anos portadora de neoplasia cística mucinosa do pâncreas. Evidências sugerem que essa neoplasia é dependente dos hormônios estrógeno-progesterona levando a um importante crescimento durante a gestação e ainda apresentar, mesmo baixo, um potencial para degeneração maligna. O motivo deste relato é a raridade da doença associada a gestação em uma paciente tão jovem. Foi realizada pancreatectomia corpo-caudal no segundo trimestre da gestação com boa evolução materna e fetal.The aim of this study is to report the case of a 20 years old pregnant woman with a mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas. Evidence suggests that this neoplasm is dependent on estrogen-pro-gesterone leading to a significant growth during pregnancy and beyond this a potential malignant degeneration, even low. The reason of this case-study is the rarity of the disease associated with pregnancy in a patient so young. A body-tail pancreatectomy was performed in the second trimester of pregnancy with good maternal and fetal outcomes.

OBJETIVOS: descrever o perfil epidemiológico e clínico das pacientes admitidas com o diagnóstico de sepse puerperal de origem pélvica em uma Unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) obstétrica. MÉTODOS: um estudo de corte transversal, de fevereiro a agosto de 2010, foi conduzido. Foram investigados os casos de sepse puerperal de origem pélvica admitidas na UTI obstétrica do Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP) - Recife - Brasil. As variáveis analisadas foram: idade, procedência, realização de pré-natal, via de parto, uso de sonda vesical, uso de cateter venoso central, intubação, uso de droga vasoativa, realização de relaparotomia, o número de relaparotomias realizadas, realização de histerectomia, ocorrência de complicações e óbito. RESULTADOS: identificamos 77 admissões por sepse, sendo 35 puerperal de origem genital. A idade média foi de 22,6 anos, a maioria procedente de cidades do interior do estado. 52,9% das mulheres tinham até 20 anos. 62,5% eram primíparas e 68,6% haviam sido submetidas a cesárea. Em relação à temperatura, 42,8% das pacientes apresentaram valores abaixo de 35ºC ou acima de 37,8ºC. Complicações ocorreram em 45,7% das pacientes. Diálise foi indicada em 40% e droga vasoativa utilizada em 22,9%. Histerectomia foi realizada em 44,1% das pacientes, sendo necessário relaparotomia em 54,3%. CONCLUSÕES: a sepse puerperal de origem genital é doença grave, que acomete mulheres jovens de baixa paridade. A freqüência de complicações e de procedimentos invasivos nesse grupo de mulheres é alto o que implica em alta morbidade e mortalidade. Conhecer de forma mais detalhada esse grupo de pacientes contribui com o conhecimento atual sobre a doença, melhorando a preparação dos centros para lidar a sepse puerperal de origem genital.OBJECTIVES: to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients admitted with the diagnosis of puerperal sepsis of pelvic origin in an intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: a cross-sectional study, from February to August 2010 was conducted. Cases of puerperal sepsis from pelvic origin admitted to the ICU obstetric Institute of Integrative Medicine Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP) - city of Recife - Brazil were investigated. The variables were: age, origin, conducting pre-natal, delivery route, use of urinary catheter, central venous catheter, intubation, vasoactive drugs, conducting relaparotomy, the number of performed relaparotomies, performing hysterectomies, the incidence of complications and death. RESULTS: 77 identified admissions for sepsis, and 35 postpartum. The mean age was 22.6 years, most coming from towns of the state. 52.9% of women were aged 20 years. 62.5% were primiparous and 68.6% had undergone cesarean section. Concerning temperature, 42.8% of patients had values below 35ºC or above 37.8ºC. Complications occurred in 45.7% of patients. Dialysis was indicated in 40% and vasoactive drug used in 22.9%. Hysterectomy was performed in 44.1% of patients, in 54.3% relaparotomy necessary. CONCLUSIONS: genital puerperal sepsis is a serious disease that affects young women with low parity. The frequency of complications and invasive procedures in this group of women is high, which implies a high morbidity and mortality. Describing this group of patients contributes with current knowledge about the disease, improving the preparation of the Centers for dealing with genital puerperal sepsis.

There is a consensus about surgical indications on morbidobesity upon two topics: 1 - BMI equal or greater than 40; 2 -BMI equal or greather than 35 in the presence of importantcomorbities. It is important to avoid surgical treatment inchildren and in the youth and in the presence of endocrine diseasesuch as Cushing syndrome, liver cirrhosis, other incapacitatingdiseases or age over 70 years old. Its also recommended to useinformed consent in all surgical indication.

OBJETIVO: Analisar a experiência do Serviço de Cirurgia Geral - HC/UFPE com os tumores do intestino delgado, na tentativa de colaborar com a definição de metas para o manejo dessas lesões. MÉTODO: Constitui-se este estudo em uma análise retrospectiva de12 pacientes portadores de neoplasias intestinais atendidos no SCG-HC/UFPE, no período de cinco anos (1994-1999). Sete eram do sexo masculino (58%). A média de idade à admissão foi de 52 anos. A principal queixa referida foi dor abdominal (83%), seguida por sangramento digestivo e perda ponderal (42%). Massa abdominal palpável foi evidenciada em 50% dos casos. Sete (58%) apresentavam lesões malignas. Dentre as neoplasias benignas, quatro eram leiomiomas. Uma paciente, portadora de síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers, apresentou um hamartoma. Dez foram submetidos a tratamento operatório. Em seis, enterectomia com enteroanastomose foi empregada. Três foram operados em caráter de urgência (um por perfuração intestinal, um por enterorragia maciça e um por obstrução intestinal). RESULTADOS: A mortalidade relacionada à operação foi de 17%. Todos os pacientes que evoluíram para óbito apresentavam neoplasias malignas avançadas e perda ponderal superior a15% de seu peso. CONCLUSÕES: Tumores do intestino delgado são lesões incomuns, mesmo em serviços de referência. Um alto grau de suspeição deve ser mantido visando o diagnóstico precoce.

OBJETIVOS: Conhecer a prevalência e as características do assédio moral nas residências médica e não médica em um hospital de ensino em Recife (PE). MÉTODOS: Um questionário foi elaborado para investigar a prevalência do assédio moral, os perfis do assediado e do assediador, e possíveis sequelas. Uma definição para assédio moral foi apresentada aos participantes. RESULTADOS: Foram entrevistados 105 residentes. A prevalência do assédio foi de 41,9%, sendo mais frequente em menores de 28 anos (46,3%), mulheres (45,8%), residentes do segundo ano (47,7%) e na área médica (46,8%). Essas diferenças não foram estatisticamente significantes (p = 0,082; 0,118; 0,349; 0,225, respectivamente). As mulheres referiram mais sequelas (p = 0,013), sendo a maior parte destas de origem psíquica (58,5%) ou profissional (39,0%). Os profissionais responsáveis pela preceptoria são os principais assediadores (40,7%), seguidos daqueles com cargos na coordenação (29,1%; p = < 0,001). CONCLUSÕES: 41,9% dos residentes já foram vítimas de assédio moral. Não houve diferença significativa de prevalência entre os grupos estudados. Os cargos próximos das atividades clínicas se mostraram mais propícios a cometê-lo (preceptoria e coordenação). O sexo feminino se mostrou tão suscetível ao assédio quanto o masculino, mas sofreu significativamente mais sequelas (p = 0,013).

Background The Extensive Intraoperative Peritoneal Lavage (EIPL) has been proposed as a practical prophylactic strategy to decrease the risk of peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer. Objective To explore the safety and efficacy of the EIPL in our locally advanced gastric cancer patients. Methods This study is an open-label, double-center, single-arm phase II clinical trial developed at two tertiary hospitals from Recife (Pernambuco, Brazil). Results The study protocol was prematurely closed due to slow accrual after only 16 patients had been recruited to participate. Eight of them were excluded of the protocol study during the laparotomy, whereas four cases were also excluded from the per-protocol analysis. Two patients had died in hospital before 30 days and six were alive with no evidence of cancer relapses after a follow-up ranging from five to 14,2 months (median of 10.6 months). In the intention-to-treat analysis, three of eight patients suffered of gastrointestinal leakages and two of them had died. On a per-protocol basis, two of four patients presented this type of postoperative complication and one of them had died. All deaths occurred as a somewhat consequence of gastrointestinal leakages. Conclusion We could not make any conclusion about the safety and efficacy of the EIPL, but the possibility of this approach might increase the rate of gastrointestinal leakage is highlighted.

ABSTRACT Background: The use of measures in colonic anastomoses to prevent dehiscences is of great medical interest. Sugarcane molasses, which has adequate tolerability and compatibility in vivo, has not yet been tested for this purpose. Aim: To analyze the biomechanical parameters of colonic suture in rats undergoing colectomy, using sugarcane molasses polysaccharide as tape or gel. Methods: 45 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) were randomized into three groups of 15 animals: irrigation of enteric sutures with 0.9% saline solution; application of sugarcane molasses polysaccharide as tape; and sugarcane molasses polysaccharide as gel. The rats underwent colon ressection, with subsequent reanastomosis using polypropylene suture; they were treated according to their respective groups. Five rats from each group were evaluated at different times after the procedure: 30, 90 and 180 days postoperatively. The following variables were evaluated: maximum rupture force, modulus of elasticity and specific deformation of maximum force. Results: The biomechanical variables among the scheduled times and treatment groups were statistically calculated. The characteristics of maximum rupture force and modulus of elasticity of the specimens remained identical, regardless of treatment with saline, polysaccharide gel or tape, and treatment time. However, it was found that the specific deformation of maximum force of the intestinal wall was higher after 180 days in the group treated with sugarcane polysaccharide gel (p=0.09). Conclusion: Compared to control, it was detected greater elasticity of the intestinal wall in mice treated with sugarcane polysaccharide gel, without changing other biomechanical characteristics, regardless of type or time of treatment.

BackgroundGallbladder cancer is sometimes incidentally uncovered following cholecystectomy for gallstones diseases. The supposed highly variable prevalence of incidental gallbladder cancer through our country is unknown.ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence of incidental gallbladder cancer in our tertiary-care hospital.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out on patients who consecutively underwent cholecystectomy due to gallstones disease at Faculdade Pernambucana de Saúde, Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira - FPS/IMIP, from January, 2007 to December, 2010. Data on incidental gallbladder cancer patients were explored for prevalence estimation and description of our experience with the management of this malignancy.ResultsOur analysis involved 2018 patients with a marked predominance of women (n=1.697; 84.1%) over men (n=321; 15.9%). The 3-year prevalence estimate of 0.34% was recorded for incidental gallbladder cancer in our sample. Regarding tumor staging, there were 1 T1a, 1 T1b, and 5 T2 adenocarcinoma tumors. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy alone was performed for the T1a tumor, and additional radical surgery was performed in five others. One patient presented metastatic disease at the time of repeat surgery. The final pathology revealed residual/additional disease in all T2 tumors after radical surgery whereas the T1b patient underwent a salvage Whipple’s procedure due to a secondary distal cholangiocarcinoma. The patient with T1a tumor is alive after 3-year follow-up but all of the others died because of disease recurrence/progression up to 12 months.ConclusionThis study confirms the poor prognosis of Gallbladder cancer even when incidentally diagnosed following cholecystectomy and supposes a 3-year prevalence estimate of 0.34% for incidental gallbladder cancer in our Center from Pernambuco State, Brazil.

CONTEXT: Superobese patients who undergo gastric bypass have a greater incidence of complications. The greater incidence of comorbidity in this group leads to a higher surgical risk, and a need for special care. By analyzing the risk factors identified in the preoperative period, scoring them, constructing a score and assessing the occurrence of serious complications and death, we will have elements to identify which patients are at greater risk. OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of the Recife Score for predicting serious postoperative complications and death in superobese patients who undergo Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery by the conventional method. METHODS: An ambidirectional study was conducted to validate the diagnostic test on 203 severely obese patients submitted to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass at the Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil, from September 1997 to May 2007. The dependent variables were major postoperative complications and death. The independent variable was the Recife Score. The data were analyzed using the Epi-Info 3.5.1 program. The accuracy of the Recife Score was analyzed considering the following parameters: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive verisimilitude ratio and negative verisimilitude ratio. RESULTS: The accuracy of the Recife Score with cut-off points higher than 3 and higher than 5 to predict serious postoperative complications was, respectively, a frequency of complications of 12.3%, with a risk ratio of 2.83, sensitivity of 57.1% and specificity of 69.8%, and 12.5%, with a risk ratio of 1.88, sensitivity of 7.1% and specificity of 96.3%. The accuracy of the Recife Score with cut-off points higher than 3 and higher than 5 to predict death was, respectively, a frequency of death of 7.7%, with a risk ratio of 10.62, sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 69.5%, and 12.5%, with a risk ratio of 4.88, sensitivity of 16.7% and specificity of 96.5%. CONCLUSION: A Recife Score >3 prior to conventional gastric bypass presents a high level of accuracy in the prediction of serious postoperative complications and death.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is one of the world’s greatest health problems. The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the gold standard treatment for severe obesity. Surgery in obese patients has an acceptable level of morbidity and mortality. The superobese patient, a subcategory of severe obese patients with a high surgical risk has not yet been analyzed as a group. METHODS: A retrospective and prospective cohort study was conducted enrolling 135 patients submitted to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for treatment of severe obesity at the " Hospital das Clínicas" , Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil, between November 1997 and September 2003. The independent variables were possible risk factors of adverse outcomes: age, gender, weight, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, sleep apnea, cardiopathy/coronariopathy, pneumopathy or any other co-morbidity. The dependent variables were major complications, minor complications and death. RESULTS: Diabetes (RR = 1.6 and CI = 1.02-2.40) and sleep apnea (RR = 1.8 and CI = 1.18-2.64) were associated to minor complications. Cardiopathy/coronariopathy were associated with major complications (RR = 5.42 and CI = 1.22-2.40) and death (RR = 16.25 and CI = 3.00-87.95). BMI >55 kg/m² was associated with minor complications (RR = 1.58 and CI = 1.04-2.40), major complications (RR = 3.17 and CI = 1.03-9.80) and death (P = 0.007). After logistic regression, the body mass index >55 kg/m² remained as a strong risk factor of death (OR = 3.6 and CI = 1.05-12.32). CONCLUSIONS: The body mass index >55 kg/m² was the main risk factor for severe complications and death. Other risk factors affecting the outcome were diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea and cardiopathy/coronariopathy.RACIONAL: A obesidade é um dos grandes problemas de saúde mundial. A gastroplastia em Y-de-Roux é o padrão-ouro para o tratamento do obeso severo. Cirurgia em pacientes obesos tem aceitáveis índices de morbidade e mortalidade. O paciente superobeso, subgrupo de obesos graves, apresenta risco cirúrgico elevado, ainda não avaliado. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo e prospectivo envolvendo 135 pacientes superobesos submetidos a gastroplastia em Y-de-Roux para tratamento de obesidade severa no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, no período de novembro de 1997 até setembro de 2003. As variáveis independentes foram possíveis fatores de risco: idade, sexo, peso, índice de massa corpórea, diabetes, hipertensão, hipercolesterolemia, apnéia do sono, cardiopatia/coronariopatia, pneumopatia ou qualquer outra co-morbidade. As variáveis dependentes foram as complicações graves, complicações leves e óbito. RESULTADOS: Diabetes (RR = 1.6 and CI = 1.02-2.40) e apnéia do sono (RR = 1.8 and CI = 1.18-2.64) foram associados a complicações leves. Cardiopatia/coronariopatia foram associadas a complicações graves (RR = 5.42 and CI = 1.22-2.40) e óbito (RR = 16.25 and CI = 3.00-87.95). Índice de massa corporal >55 kg/m² foi associado a complicações leves (RR = 1.58 and CI = 1.04-2.40), complicações graves (RR = 3.17 and CI = 1.03-9.80) e óbito. Após regressão logística, o índice de massa corporal >55 kg/m² permaneceu como forte fator de risco para óbito (OR = 3.6 and CI = 1.05-12.32). CONCLUSÃO: O índice de massa corporal >55 kg/m² foi o principal fator de risco para complicações severas e óbito. Outros fatores de risco que afetaram os resultados foram: diabetes, apnéia do sono e cardiopatia/coronariopatia.