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Peruvian aquaculture has undergone significant development in the last three decades, however Peruvian aquaculture faces, as every country does, fierce competition and environmental challenges. To overcome these key challenges, environmental certifications can be a strategic tool. This paper analyzes the implementation of environmental certificates in Peruvian aquaculture. Peruvian aquaculture companies with international environmental certificates were located and analyzed through a case study analysis based on a closed-ended questionnaire. In parallel, the same questionnaire was sent to an equal number of non-certified Peruvian aquaculture companies for comparison purposes. Analysis was carried out to characterize the Peruvian aquaculture companies that are environmentally certified and to determine the degree of concern for and commitment to the environmental problems of aquaculture. Finally, the reasons that led to obtaining the certification or not were studied, as were the elements that act as facilitators or barriers to its implementation and the future prospects for the certification of Peruvian aquaculture companies.

The scale of environmental pressure caused by the construction sector has prompted a search for new technical solutions to minimize the negative impact of this part of the national economy on the environment. The drive to evaluate the adopted solutions has led to the creation of building assessment systems - environmental certificates.

Introduction. Environmental certification in accordance with ISO 14001 and EMAS makes it possible to understand and assess the impact of economic activities on ecosystems, as well as to set environmental goals and objectives for improving the activities of enterprises and organizations. The effects of the EMS (environmental management and audit scheme) depend on how companies decide to use them after certification. In this regard, the authors investigate the organizational climate issues associated with the use of ISO 14000 and EMAS series standards to improve the environmental efficiency of companies.Materials and methods. The methodology is presented in the form of an environmental safety model related to the enterprises and organizations, including environmental audit, environmental standardization and environmental assessment of compliance with various environmental requirements at different levels of organization of enterprises’ activities. The object of research is the international environmental standards of the ISO 14000 and EMAS series. The subject of the study is the environmental safety of negative factors in the activities of enterprises and organizations. The concept of the necessity of greening personnel training and a positively environmentally oriented organizational climate in enterprises and organizations is proposed.Results. The implementation of EMS does not always lead to an improvement in the environmental performance of companies. Some companies focus on formal criteria without taking into account real environmental problems. In addition, environmental indicators can take the form of coefficients and can be improved with unchanged or even worsened environmental impact. The organizational climate is important for the realization of EMS goals, especially the attitude of employees to the environment and environmental values. Despite limitations, EMS, environmental audit and ISO 14000 principles can help companies reduce their negative impact on the environment and increase their competitiveness, as well as make more informed choices when planning their activities.Conclusions. The importance of creating an organizational climate for the successful greening of negative factors in the activities of enterprises and organizations is emphasized. There is also a need for a more accurate assessment of the effectiveness of environmental measures when formulating environmental standards and assessing compliance with their implementation.

Palm oil is produced on plantations primarily in Indonesia and Malaysia, which, historically, have been responsible for significant tropical deforestation and ecosystem loss. Driven by a shift away from hydrogenated vegetable oils and its high productivity, palm oil is now part of more than half of all packaged consumer products. Given its centrality across many supply chains, certification schemes have sought to improve environmental sustainability in the palm oil industry. Increasingly, there is an intersection between certification schemes and regulatory drivers. The recent 2023 European Union regulation on deforestation-free products has implications for palm oil and many other forest products. Environmental certification schemes, such as the one developed by the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil, have the potential to play a critical role in the implementation of this recent policy for palm oil and can serve as model for many other commodities subject to the new Directive.

The increase in the rate of environmental certification of buildings in foreign countries and Russia makes it necessary to study the role of environmental certification in construction, to highlight the degree of influence of environmental standards on architectural space. Consider the features of architectural shaping of buildings certified according to international and Russian environmental standards, and determine their new typology. In the conducted research, the percentage of architectural and technological requirements of foreign and Russian environmental standards in construction is presented. For the analysis of more than eighty environmentally certified buildings, a graph-analytical tabular form using an assessment matrix is used. The characteristic features of the objects of research are identified, similar features are generalized into groups and systematized. Typical architectural planning and engineering measures that are most often used to improve the environmental friendliness rating are identified. The impact of environmental standards requirements on spatial planning solutions is assessed. Identification of the share of architectural and engineering requirements in the assessment of objects according to environmental standards with the definition of a new typology of environmentally certified buildings is important for further improvement of the national environmental standard and the architectural space of Russian cities.

Climate change and the consequent increase in society's environmental awareness have triggered new forms of pressure on companies and the way they face environmental sustainability. Hence, either by legal imposition or by other types of pressures, companies must incorporate the environmental impact of their activities into their responsibilities, without compromising their financial viability. Environmental certification is a common procedure for firms to improve their environmental performance, as well as increase their reputation and image. Notwithstanding, determinants for environmental certification are still poorly understood. Therefore, the present study aims to assess, from a sample of 1,917 Portuguese companies of various sectors and dimensions, the influence of some factors on the probability of a firm adopting the ISO 14001 certification. Results showed that the different variables used as measures of profitability of the firm have a positive impact on its probability of adopting ISO 14001. Other factors with the same effect include the participation of the firm in the stock market and the firm's size. This can be justified by a greater need for large firms to improve their reputation or to have access to some markets where this kind of certification is an obligation. However, it is also possible to observe a certain variation in results depending on the measures of profitability used. Another conclusion is that the fact that a firm is an exporter does not influence its probability to be certified in any of the specifications, something contrary to what has been found in the literature.

Environmental problem has become a popular research area. Efforts are being made at an international level for creating a sustainable environment. Hospitality industry is considered to be one of the main industries of a country. It makes contributions in the development of sustainable environment. Hospitality industry is adopting environmental certifications and green hotels concept rapidly. In this research, we performed bibliometric analysis of 49 articles on the topic of importance of environmental certificates for green hotels. Results indicate that majority of the journals have articles with a large number of citations, which indicates that they are high-quality journals. The results indicate that Cornell University, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, and George Washington University are the institutes producing high-quality research work, as 28% of the researchers cited the articles published by the researchers of these universities. Results indicate that universities of Spain and USA are the largest contributors, as they have published 52% the total articles in the area under this study. USA and Spain are considered to be the world superpowers; their interest in this area of research unveils the importance of the topic. The authors Verma, Chan, and Rivera are the core researchers of this area, as they published 20% of the overall articles discussed in this study, which makes them the gurus of the research area.

Educational institutions certified according to international and national environmental standards in construction were studied. The equipment of schools and universities with ecological architectural and engineering solutions is analyzed. The sections of environmental standards for certification of educational institutions BREEAM Education (UK), LEED for School New Construction and Major Renovations (USA), GB/T51356-2019 “assessment Standard for green campus” (China), GREEN ZOOM “Universities, campuses and innovative scientific and technological centers” (Russia) are considered. A comparative analysis of the data of environmental certification systems with the allocation of priority areas is carried out. Using the example of Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov (Saratov, Russia), a new concept for the ecological reconstruction of General education institutions is proposed.

With the arising of environmental problems from the construction sector, the sustainability issues gained more space, making sustainability assessment tools emerge. These tools are based on the global definition of sustainability that meets Environmental, Economic, and Social criteria, and each system has a different and peculiar methodology. This paper aims to analyse the structure adopted by these European sustainability assessment systems: BREAM UK, DGBN (Germany), ITACA (Italy), LiderA (Portugal), and HQE (France), showing an overview of each system assisted by the SWOT Matrix, enabling the reader to better understand their differences. There are no superior or inferior systems, but each system notably performs much better in a subject or goal.

The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) eco-labeling program provides fisheries a pathway to demonstrate their sustainability by undergoing an environmental certification. Like other standard-setters, the MSC’s ‘theory of change’ presumes that markets use this information to select for sustainable products, providing an incentive for producers to improve their practices and become certified. However, the underlying mechanisms which actually work to link market behavior and participation in the program in different contexts have not been systematically identified. We draw on broad MSC field experience to identify processes that have supported the theory of change in individual fisheries. Then, we develop a broadly applicable rapid assessment protocol, relying on a semi-structured interviews of key informants, to gather systematic evidence for key dynamics within the theory of change: the effects of going through MSC certification on market processes, partnerships in the fishery, and governance. In a pilot test of the protocol, we identify important common and idiosyncratic processes in three canned product fisheries: United States west coast albacore tuna, Brittany sardines, and Portuguese sardines. We find that the harvesters and buyers/processors in these fisheries sought certification primarily to expand or maintain their market share, and that certification was synergistic with stakeholder cooperation. The cases demonstrate how our rapid assessment interviews allow program participants to relate their experience in their own words yet facilitate systematic comparison to identify common mechanisms within the theory of change. We propose its wider application to systematically advance our understanding of social and economic processes that drive of eco-label interventions in different geographies and supply chains around the world.

Concerns about the climate and local air impacts of emissions from the oil and gas supply chain have caused a reevaluation of natural gas’ role in a low carbon future. In response, some producers, large purchasers, and investors have pushed to certify some gas deliveries as ‘responsibly-sourced’ or ‘green’, which could give rise to a differentiated gas market. Third-party oil and gas certifications have been under development for several years, however, their focus has historically been on a broader set of societal impacts and risks, and they have typically focused on the upstream sector. Recent advances have been focused on methane emissions and supply chains into the certification process. In this paper we provide a critical review of several prominent natural gas certification processes. We do so within a broader historical context of using third-party market certifications and labels to differentiate clean vs. dirty versions of commodities.

Environmental sustainability has increasingly become a priority for organisations. However, the public and academic attention is generally on large companies, while small and medium enterprises constitute the bulk of organisations and are arguably lagging behind. Fewer than ten per cent of total environmental certifications are awarded to small hotels. This lack of attention represents an opportunity to investigate small hotels and how to increase certification numbers. On the basis of existing literature, three overreaching factors that hold managers back from achieving certification were individuated: motivations, personal values, and barriers. To explore whether these factors play a role in small hotels too, semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten hotel managers/owners in the Netherlands. The findings include the discovery of three new barriers: other priorities, negative views regarding certification, and building restrictions. More specifically, findings suggest that hoteliers do not proceed with certification because they perceive it as unambitious and meaningless, and thus not worth the effort. Simultaneously, managers seem to have a limited understanding of the scope and depth of existing certification. This study provides certifying organisations an insight into small hotel managers’ viewpoints; information that can be used to better reach this important target group.

The basis of life of any society is a safe environment that is not only the guarantee of welfare and quality of life, but also the guarantee of the further development of human civilization. That is why in the modern world the issue of the preservation of the natural environment is of special actuality. The gradual awareness by humanity of new threats (high degree of concentration of harmful industries; high level of resource and energy consumption; lack of modern environmental technologies; slow but inevitable degradation of the gene pool of a population due to the consumption of poor quality and in most cases harmful products, etc.) forced the society to seek new approaches to socio-economic development and environmental management. One of such approaches is the introduction of ecological and organic labeling. Marking is a source of information about the purity, safety and quality of the products offered in the market; effective information mechanism, which is a kind of quality mark for the offered products. The current practice of ecological and organic labeling aimed at the increase of level consumer's awareness and the changing models of purchasing behavior in the direction of environmental protection. The feature of most marking systems of environmentally friendly and safe products is the obligation of compliance with the established requirements used by producers of raw materials and technologies taking into account their potential environmental impact. Labeling of ecologically clean and safe products is reducing the negative impact on the environment and on the human's health. It is the consequence of changes in the economic environment, namely: the improvement of socio-ethical requirements to production; the increasing level of integration of producers and service providers; the customer's satisfaction in varieties of products; globalization of economic space; reduction of time for development, standardization and production. Labeling is a step in the direction of European Integration and the legal adjustment of relations between the buyer and manufacturer. All these activities will assist for the implementation of innovative technologies for cleaner production, rational use of material and energy resources, balancing economy development, the production of safe products for human health and the environment, improving the competitiveness of domestic producers in the international market, enhancing export potential, reducing investment risks from ecological factors.

The article deals with the current trends of tourism development, approaches to green tourism activities based on platforms of ―green‖ economy, studied environmental problems in the management of tourism development Ukrainian Danube region, the international experience of the implementation of environmental certification programs in the field of tourism. Attention is drawn to the need to raise the level of ecological safety of travel in accordance with the criteria of sustainable human development. It was determined that the implementation of environmental certification of tourist services necessary to implement the concept of sustainable tourism development in the Ukrainian Danube region.

The lighting environment is a factor that significantly affects the physical and psychological aspects of occupants of a building. In particular, educational facilities should be designed to provide adequate natural lighting because it has a profound impact on students’ health and learning performance. Although environmental certification systems include evaluation items for improving the indoor light environment, there is a lack of evaluation criteria regarding the corresponding issue of glare. Therefore, this study aims to help visualize areas where indoor glare problems occur, and to improve the evaluation scale of discomfort glare in environmental certification systems. A standard high school classroom in Seoul was analyzed to study glare issues in the educational space. DIVA for Rhino—Grasshopper, a light environment simulation program based on Radiance and DAYSIM program, was used to obtain reliable light analysis simulation results, and the daylight glare probability (DGP) measure was used to calculate discomfort glare. The results of the simulation and analysis suggest this is a method for improving glare evaluation measures that are lacking in indoor environmental certification standards. The visualized frequency of discomfort glare data is useful for planning the layout of the indoor space, opening, and shading design of a building to prevent glare problems.

En el camino hacia una economía y una sociedadsostenible, la eco-innovación juega un papel central,puesto que relaciona los dos pilares de la sostenibilidad:la calidad ambiental y el bienestar económico. La industriaturística está sujeta a importantes cambios estructurales.En este nuevo marco competitivo, las empresas turísticasbuscan modelos no sólo rentables sino también sostenibles.Los trabajos sobre la medición de la eco-innovación enlos servicios son escasos. En este trabajo analizamos lasprincipales ventajas e inconvenientes de las tres principalesherramientas de gestión medioambiental proactiva y susimplicaciones en el sector turístico. ABSTRACT Eco innovation plays a main role in the road towardsa sustainable economy and society, as it relates to twosustainability pillars: environmental quality and economicwellbeing. Tourism industry is nowadays subjected to strongstructural changes that force the change towards models notonly profitable but also sustainable. Published works attemptingto gauge eco innovation are rare. This paper analyses the prosand cons of the three main proactive eco-environmental toolsand their resonance on the tourism sector.

The organic products that have been produced in harmony with nature and maintain the health of the population are increasingly required on the market in Romania. The production is directed especially to food, but non-food products are made in Romania or imported, too. Although the diversity and percentage of these products increased and the number of operators in this field is also increased, the achievements are relatively insignificant representing less than 1 % of total production; this fact may be explained by a variety of reasons, like technological, economic, bureaucratic, etc. Therefore, it is necessary primarily to grow the organic production in both agriculture and industry. Farmers must be supported by the government in achieving their final products. In a sustainable development, the intervention of state to support those who produce organic food and non-food should be felt more strongly.

The ecological and economic ground of transition of economies of the Rivne region to organic agriculture is conducted . Economic efficiency of conduct of agricultural production is expected without (from) a stabilizing period and with a brief transitional period.

Palm oil production has been linked to deforestation, biodiversity loss, and climate change. We explore consumer awareness of palm oil, perceptions of its environmental impact, recognition of ecolabels including the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) ecolabel, and inclusion or avoidance of ecolabels in household shopping using a representative sample of the British population. We find consumer awareness of palm oil to be fairly high (77%), with 41% of those aware of palm oil perceiving it as ‘environmentally unfriendly’, more than double the level of any other vegetable oil examined. However, recognition of the RSPO ecolabel is the same as those who ‘recognize’ a fictitious ecolabel, making recognition indistinguishable from zero. Based on our logistic regression analysis, members of the British population most likely to actively include ecolabelled products in their weekly household shopping are those who are female, from higher socioeconomic groups, spend more than £120 per week on household shopping, and have received a Bachelors degree or higher. Despite clear benefits of environmental certification and ecolabelling, a relatively niche segment of the general population actively includes ecolabelled products in their weekly household shopping. Therefore, we recommend current policies be amended to require companies to source 100% identity preserved certified palm oil that can be traced to the plantation level to avoid having to rely on consumer decisions to enable a shift towards more responsibly-sourced palm oil. Additionally, requiring multinational companies to map and publicly disclose full supply chain information for all global operations, including palm oil suppliers and concessions, could help illuminate and discourage unsustainable practices.

Imperfect information and inattention can lead consumers to undervalue the energy efficiency of products, contributing to growing environmental problems and climate change. To nudge individuals towards energy efficiency, environmental certification schemes, such as the European Union (EU) energy label, present grade-like efficiency classes. In a real-stakes randomized controlled trial, we contrast this approach with a control condition that gives no energy-related information and an alternative treatment condition that provides detailed information on the lifetime cost of energy-using durables. Our results show that the EU energy label does not increase demand for energy-efficient products over a control condition. By contrast, lifetime-cost information increases the willingness-to-pay for energy efficiency considerably.

O objetivo deste artigo foi apresentar e testar um método de construção de modelos para a mensuração de desempenho ambiental em operações de manufatura. O método de pesquisa foi o estudo de caso múltiplo. O desempenho ambiental de uma operação de manufatura foi tratado como uma grandeza intangível, composta por cinco construtos latentes: emissões atmosféricas; efluentes líquidos; resíduos sólidos; uso de recursos naturais e gestão interna; e atendimento a legislações e certificações. Os quatro primeiros são de impacto direto, enquanto que o último foi considerado condição intermediária e necessária para os demais. Os significados dos construtos foram apreendidos por indicadores e mensurados qualitativamente por questionários respondidos por gestores de cinco operações: operação avícola, fabricação mecânica, fabricação de materiais elétricos, fabricação de rações e estamparia de aço. Os resultados foram estudados e comparados e forneceram subsídios para a eventual reformulação de estratégias de ação ambientais inseridas nas estratégias de operação das empresas.This paper presents and tests a method for building models to measure environmental performance in manufacturing operations. The research method was the multiple case study. Environmental performance of a manufacturing operation was treated as an intangible variant, composed of five latent constructs: atmospheric emissions, liquid effluents, solid waste, natural resources employment and management and legal requirements and certification compliances. The first four have direct impact on the environment and the last is accepted as a priority and necessary condition for the others. The meaning of the constructs was appraised by indicators and assessed by questionnaires answered by managers from five operations: chicken egg production, mechanical manufacture, electrical goods manufacture, animal food manufacture and steel stamping. The results were discussed and compared, providing some indicators for an eventual reformulation of environmental strategies of the enterprises studied, to be adopted within the enterprises operational strategies.

Previous research has shown that merely calling an indoor environment environmentally certified will make people favor that environment over a conventional alternative. In this paper we explore whether this effect depends on participants deliberately comparing the two environments, and whether different reasons behind the certification influence the magnitude of the effect. In Experiment 1, participants in a between-subjects design assigned higher comfort ratings to an indoor environment that had been labeled “environmentally certified” in comparison with the exact same indoor environment that was unlabeled, suggesting that the effect arises even when participants do not compare the two environments when making their estimates. The results from Experiment 2 indicate that climate change mitigation (as the reason for the certification) is a slightly better trigger of the effect compared to climate change adaptation. The results suggest that studies on psychological effects of “green” buildings should experimentally control for the influence from participants’ judgmental biases.

We examine new dynamics of privatization and collective action in common pool resource situations facilitated by the nonstate multistakeholder institutions of the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC), the global leader in sustainability certification for wild caught seafood. Through a review of the literature and two case studies of fishing cooperatives in Baja California Sur, Mexico and on Fogo Island in the Canadian Province of Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), we advance two interrelated arguments. First, certification and eco-labeling institutions privatize fisheries governance in largely unexamined ways through the injection of new forms of exclusive rights or privileges into common pool resource situations already complicated by access and property privileges, creating conditions for confusion and conflict as well as cooperation. Second, the MSC whole stock definition of sustainability places greater demands on certification clients for engaging in collective action by encouraging coordination over all social extractions from targeted fish stocks. Although rules encouraging collective action in common pool situations militate against the narrow private capture of certificate and eco-label rights, they also undermine the ability of small-scale and community-based fisheries that are embedded in larger unhealthy fishery contexts to acquire the right to the MSC stamp of sustainability. We conclude that MSC certification and eco-labeling create new institutions of private property rights and collective action, which can result in exclusionary practices, inclusionary collective action, or both. Much will depend on the specific common pool context and history of the fishery.

Baseado em estudo feito no Distrito Industrial Fazenda Botafogo, no município do Rio de Janeiro, este artigo analisa a possibilidade de aplicação conjunta em distritos industriais brasileiros de um modelo de sistema de gestão ambiental (SGA), o modelo Hackefors, criado para facilitar a obtenção da certificação ambiental ISO 14.001 por empresas de pequeno e médio porte de distritos industriais na Suécia. O modelo Hackefors, surgido em 1997 no distrito sueco que lhe deu o nome, foi adotado por 450 empresas de 24 distritos industriais daquele país, basicamente, por ter possibilitado a certificação ambiental a cada empresa que a ele aderiu, com ganhos individuais e coletivos para as mesmas. Para a elaboração deste artigo, foi analisada a literatura sobre distritos industriais e sistemas de gestão ambiental e, também, consultados documentos relativos ao modelo Hackefors e ao Distrito Industrial Fazenda Botafogo. Além disso, foram entrevistados consultores que trabalharam na implantação do referido modelo, representantes das empresas do distrito industrial carioca e especialistas em certificação ISO 14.001. Esse esforço permitiu comparar as duas situações e fazer algumas considerações sobre a aplicação do modelo sueco em Fazenda Botafogo. O resultado mostra que as diferenças entre as situações iniciais de atuação ambiental nos dois distritos não são um empecilho à construção de redes. Revela ainda que as semelhanças existentes sugerem que a aplicação do modelo Hackefors no distrito industrial do Rio de Janeiro poderia ser bem-sucedida. Por outro lado, em Fazenda Botafogo não foi identificado nenhum fator que transformasse a busca individual por um sistema de gestão ambiental nos moldes da ISO 14.001 numa busca coletiva, como ocorreu nos distritos industriais suecos.

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact of environmental certification ISO 14001 on environmental performance. A case study was conducted on four companies, among which two are certified. It shows a positive relation between environmental certification and environmental performance. The results show that the pollution level of the four companies is not in accordance with the requirements of agency regulations.