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The use of paracetamol in excessive doses can increase the hepatotoxicity effect, which causes acute hepatocellular injury. Dewa leaves (Gynura pseudochina (L.) DC) contain flavonoids, saponin, and tannin. This study aimed to determine the effect of ethanol extract from dewa leaves in reducing the impact of paracetamol induction on SGPT and SGOT levels and liver histology of white rats (Rattus norvegicus). The test was grouped into five treatment groups, namely: normal control; negative control with paracetamol induction 315mg/KgBW; Dewa leaf extract was administered with three variations in dosage, namely 3.15mg/KgBW, 3.50mg/KgBW and 3.85mg/KgBW and each treatment group consisted of 5 rats as replications. Dewa leaf extract was administered to the experimental animal, followed by the administration of paracetamol 8 hours after the extract was given orally; both treatments were given for 14 days. Measurement of SGPT and SGOT levels uses the photometric method. The hepatoprotective effect was further verified by histopathology of the liver. Liver histology was made using the paraffin method. SGPT levels, SGOT levels, and Hepatocyte Damage Scores were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA); if the results are significant, continue with the Least Significance Difference (LSD) test at a significance level of 5%. The results of this study show that the administration of dewa leaf extract was not able to significantly reduce SGPT and SGOT levels in rats. The administration of dewa leaf extract at doses of 3.50mg/KgBW and 3.85mg/KgBW significantly prevented histological damage to rat livers.

Bangkok chicken, renowned for its exceptional characteristics, presents a valuable option for crossbreeding to enhance the local chicken varieties in Indonesia. Cryopreservation is widely considered a promising approach for protecting the genetic diversity of the Bangkok chicken. This research aims to investigate the biological characteristics of embryonic fibroblast cells from Bangkok chickens, with the goal of preserving the chicken strain's genetic diversity through cryopreservation methods. The fibroblast cells were derived from 8–10-day-old Bangkok chicken embryos and cultivated in DMEM media. Growth curves and Population Doubling Time were observed to assess the rate of fibroblast cell growth. Immunocytochemistry staining was employed to examine the protein expression associated with fibroblast cell adhesion. The results showed that fibroblast cells predominantly exhibited a fusiform morphology rather than an elongated cytoplasmic morphology. The cells proliferated continuously with an average population doubling time of 204 h and the maximum cell count was 7.83×104±1.7 cells/ml. The cells exhibited normal detection of protein expression, including integrin, cadherin, actin, and microtubules. It was also noted that after cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen, fibroblast cells took 4-6 days to grow and reach 80% confluency. The data collectively verifies the successful establishment of cell culture and cryopreservation for Bangkok chicken embryonic fibroblast cells.

Suplemen peptida memainkan peran penting dalam proses penyembuhan luka karena memiliki bioaktivitas yang bekerja pada fase-fase luka sehingga luka cepat menutup. Bahan aktif ini dapat diekstrak dari organisme laut seperti ikan, hanya saja, kajian mengenai aplikasi suplemen berbahan ikan sebagai produk perawatan luka masih terbatas jumlahnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efektivitas pemberian peptida kolagen ikan Decapterus macarellus secara oral dalam mempercepat penyembuhan luka kulit pada mencit. Dosis yang digunakan adalah 0,3 g/kgBB dan 1,3 g/kgBB per hari. Pengujian dilakukan dengan mengamati struktur morfologis dan histologis proses regenerasi jaringan kulit pasca luka selama 21 hari. Peptida kolagen diperoleh dari kulit ikan melalui ekstraksi menggunakan kombinasi asam asetat dan pepsin, kemudian dilanjutkan hidrolisis dengan enzim kolagenase. Mencit yang mendapat suplementasi oral peptida kolagen menunjukkan akselerasi proses penyembuhan luka yang signifikan dibandingkan kelompok mencit kontrol. Pada hari ke-11 hingga 14 pasca luka, mencit yang diberi perlakuan peptida kolagen (dosis 1,3 g/kgBB) menunjukkan presentase penurunan diameter luka yang lebih tinggi, diferensiasi jaringan neo-epidermis yang lebih cepat, serta deposisi berkas kolagen yang lebih banyak. Berkas kolagen dengan struktur retikuler juga terlihat pada kelompok perlakuan yang mengindikasikan adanya maturasi jaringan pengikat. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan peran positif peptida kolagen D. macarellus terutama pada fase maturasi, dimana jaringan pengikat baru mengalami reorganisasi untuk memberikan kekuatan tarik. Informasi ini bisa menjadi referensi efektivitas peptida kolagen yang bersumber dari ikan laut sebagai bahan produk perawatan luka.

Jamur tiram coklat (Pleurotus cystidiosus L) tudung buah berwarna coklat, teksturnya tebal, begizi tinggi, berkhasiat obat. Prospek yang baik untuk dikembangkan, namun ketersediaan bibit unggul susah didapatkan. Permasalahan dalam pembuatan biakan murni (F0) dengan media PDA adalah terkontaminasi dengan organisme lain. Penelitian ini membuat bibit biakan murni jamur P. cystidiosus L dengan media campuran jagung dan dedak dan dengan media PDA. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui persentase tumbuh dan laju pertumbuhan miselium jamur P. cystidiosus L pada media campuran jagung dan dedak dan media PDA. Prosedur biakan murni (FO): penyiapan media, sterilisasi, inokulasi, inkubasi, pengumpulan dan perhitungan data. Hasil penelitian: (1) Persentase tumbuh miselium jamur P. cystidiosus L dengan media campuran jagung dan dedak sebesar 100%, media PDA sebesar 60% (2) Laju pertumbuhan miselium jamur P. cystidiosus L pada media campuran jagung dan dedak lebih rendah dari media PDA, namun demikian fakta ini dapat menjadi petunjuk bahwa tahapan pembuatan bibit biakan murni (F0) dapat ditumbuhkan langsung pada media biji-bijian seperti campuran jagung dan dedak tanpa melalui media PDA.

In recent years, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics has been established as a powerful and versatile technique for studying cellular metabolism by comprehensive analysis of metabolites in the cell. Although there are many scientific reports on the use of metabolomics for the elucidation of mechanism and physiological changes occurring in the cell, there are surprisingly very few reports on its use for the identification of rate-limiting steps in a synthetic biological system that can lead to the actual improvement of the host organism. In this mini review, we discuss different strategies for improving strain performance using metabolomics data and compare the application of metabolomics-driven strain improvement techniques in different host microorganisms. Finally, we highlight several success stories on the use of metabolomics-driven strain improvement strategies, which led to significant bioproductivity improvements.

Abstract The V-shaped arrangement of hair bundles on cochlear hair cells is critical for auditory sensing. However, regulation of hair bundle arrangements has not been fully understood. Recently, defects in hair bundle arrangement were reported in postnatal Dishevelled-associating protein (ccdc88c, alias Daple)-deficient mice. In the present study, we found that adult Daple −/− mice exhibited hearing disturbances over a broad frequency range through auditory brainstem response testing. Consistently, distorted patterns of hair bundles were detected in almost all regions, more typically in the basal region of the cochlear duct. In adult Daple −/− mice, apical microtubules were irregularly aggregated, and the number of microtubules attached to plasma membranes was decreased. Similar phenotypes were manifested upon nocodazole treatment in a wild type cochlea culture without affecting the microtubule structure of the kinocilium. These results indicate critical role of Daple in hair bundle arrangement through the orchestration of apical microtubule distribution, and thereby in hearing, especially at high frequencies.

The skin of mackerel scad fish (Decapterus macarellus) is a new source for pepsin-soluble collagen and its hydrolysate, both of which have never been explored. This study aims to characterize and determine the in vitro antioxidant, antiglycation, and antityrosinase activity of pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) and hydrolyzed collagen (HC) from mackerel scad skin. PSC was extracted using 0.5 M acetic acid containing 0.1% pepsin for 48 h at 4 °C. The obtained PSC was then hydrolyzed with collagenase type II (6250 U/g) to produce HC. The PSC yield obtained was 6.39 ± 0.97%, with a pH of 6.76 ± 0.18, while the HC yield was 96% from PSC. SDS-PAGE and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis showed the typical features of type I collagen. HC demonstrated high solubility (66.75–100%) throughout the entire pH range (1–10). The PSC and HC from mackerel scad skin showed antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), with IC50 values of 148.55 ± 3.14 ppm and 34.966 ± 0.518 ppm, respectively. In the antiglycation test, PSC had an IC50 value of 239.29 ± 15.67 ppm, while HC had an IC50 of 68.43 ± 0.44 ppm. PSC also exhibited antityrosinase activity, with IC50 values of 234.66 ± 0.185 ppm (on the L-DOPA substrate), while HC had an IC50 value of 79.35 ± 0.5 ppm. Taken together, these results suggest that the skin of mackerel scad fish has potential antiaging properties and can be further developed for pharmaceutical and cosmetic purposes.