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This paper addresses the stabilization of voltage and frequency in multi-area diverse source power systems (MADSPS). Consequently, to attain this, an investigation was carried out on the load frequency control and automatic voltage regulation in combined (CLFC-AVR) analysis. The MADSPS comprises multiple generation units, such as Thermal-Hydro-Wind in each area, and performs the analysis by laying area-1 with a 10% step load disturbance (10%SLD) under the supervision of a fuzzy-aided proportional-integral-derivative (PID) optimally rendered with a novel searching strategy of hybrid (H) artificial electric field (HAEFA) algorithm. However, the tuning of the fuzzy PID controller using the HAEFA technique is performed under different time-domain objective functions and their combinations to reveal the most suitable index for optimization of the considered model. Moreover, the efficacy of the HAEFA-tuned fuzzy PID was compared with classical PI/PID. Further, the CLFC-AVR investigation on MADSPS is stretched with the integration of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) in each area and the flexible AC transmission device of the thyristor-controlled series compensator (TCSC) with a tie line for performance boost.

The two-wheel segment in the EV sector is significant for the economic development of society due to its affordability and convenience. Low budget designs need energy storage system (ESS). This research paper aims to present a battery pack suitable for the application, with a sizing and rating of 48 V, 3.84 kWh, and 80 Ah capacity. To achieve this, 260 cells of the 21700 model of lithium-ion cells are used in series-parallel combinations, following the current standard specifications. The performance of the designed battery pack is evaluated for the urban dynamometer drive schedule (UDDS) drive cycle current profile as the load. During operation, the differences in the manufacturing process and varying internal resistances of the individual cells cause an imbalance in the cell voltage levels and state of charge (SoC). To overcome this issue an active cell balancing method using the switched supercapacitor (SC) with a simple on-off hysteresis control logic is proposed. The effectiveness of this approach is validated through MATLAB/Simulink simulations. The simulation results demonstrate the proposed cell balancing approach’s excellent operation speed and efficiency. Additionally, the construction of the circuit is simple and economical. On comparison with the state-of-art it may be concluded that the proposed system can improve the performance and cycle life of the battery pack with minimum control complexity.

Abstract This study presents an approach for robust current and power control for a three‐phase grid‐connected inverter set up with an L‐filter that operates under an unbalanced AC grid‐voltage source. This control method consists of two paralleled current control for the positive and negative sequences to accomplish one of three selective control targets: a) supplying balanced three‐phase current; b) supplying non‐oscillated real power; and c) supplying non‐oscillated imaginary power to the AC grid for a given reference value utilizing the identical control gains. The real and imaginary power references, together with the measured grid voltages, are used in the computation of the reference current for each control target. In addition, the proposed dual‐current control system has a control law that comprises state feedback to offer stability and an integral effect to get rid of the offset error in the dq‐frame. To reduce settling time under uncertain system conditions, an optimization problem based on linear matrix inequalities is solved to determine a set of robust stabilizing gains. Simulation and experimental results using a TMS320F28377D digital signal processor validate the proposed control performance under three control targets.

Abstract In the process of tension wire construction of transmission lines, the key state quantities such as tension, inclination and spatial position of the traction walking plate directly affect the construction safety. At present, the construction personnel use visual observation to obtain the state quantity of traction walking plate in the process of tension wire construction. This monitoring method is not only inefficient, and there are personal subjective factors of judgment errors. For this reason, this paper develops a kind of intelligent traction walking plate for tension wire construction, based on the principle of resistance strain type and gyroscope to obtain the tension and inclination of the traction walking plate, respectively, using two front cameras and two rear cameras to obtain the spatial position of the traction walking plate, and finally completing the real‐time transmission of the monitoring data through the Lora technology. The developed intelligent traction walking plate was applied in Shandong Heze Yongfeng 220 kV transmission line project on 11 October 2020, which improved the construction efficiency by 15.71% while ensuring the construction safety.

Purpose: The triple helix model measures the interactions between university, industry, and government and is used by researchers as a normative framework to understand the interactions between the main actors in innovation systems. The main goal of the current research is to analyze the dynamics of organizational interactions in the production of scientific articles in the field of electrical and electronic engineering in Iran. Therefore, this research tries to quantitatively assess the status of inter-organizational cooperation in scientific articles in the field of electrical and electronic engineering in Iran with the approach of the triple helix model. Method: The current research is of an applied type, which was conducted using the Triple Helix Model and based on the T(UIG) indicator for University-Industry-Government interactions. The statistical population of the research includes 19,802 scientific articles indexed in the Web of Science database, from Iran in the field of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, during 2010-2019. TH software was used to convert data that was extracted from the Web of Science database into Excel format and to calculate the uncertainty of the interactions of the elements. In order to make a proper analysis in this regard, first, based on the usual and common research process of this field, the university was considered with code U, the industry with code I, and the government with code G. Findings: The findings of the research showed that the number of articles has grown in the studied period and reached 3216 articles in 2019 from 1019 articles in 2010. The findings show that the production of articles in all three pillars has an upward growth and the growth rate of articles from 2010 to 2019 is 0.63 for university, 2.5 for industry and 1.8 for government; On the other hand, the highest level of cooperation between the university and the industry has taken place, and the lowest level of cooperation has been between the government and the industry. The findings showed that the highest level of university-government interactions was in 2010 and the lowest level of government-industry interactions, which was close to zero in most years, indicating the independence and lack of connection between the mentioned elements. One of the remarkable results is that in the years 2010-2019, the interaction between the university and the industry was in contrast with the dual interaction between the university and the government. University-industry interaction has been aligned with industry-government interaction during the years under review. In 2014, the interaction between the dual and triple pillars was zero, while the university-industry interaction reached its highest level this year. Also, in 2014, the highest level of interaction between university-industry dual pillars has taken place, and the opposite is true for tripartite relationships, and in 2010, the highest degree of triple interaction between university-industry-government pillars is observed. Based on the values of T index, the highest amount of double and triple interactions between university-government, university-industry-government, university-industry, and industry-government have been seen, respectively. In 2014, the interaction of the dual and triple pillars was close to zero, but this year, the interaction between the university and the industry has increased a lot, which indicates that the government does not invest in the industry, and in other words, wherever the role of the government becomes weaker, The role of industry is more prominent. Conclusion: The findings showed that the number of articles has grown in the studied period, reaching 3216 articles in 2019 from 1019 articles in 2010. The results also show that the production of articles in all three pillars has an upward growth which the growth rate of articles from 2010 to 2019 is 0.63 for universities, 2.5 for industry, and 1.8 for government; On the other hand, the highest level of cooperation between the university and the industry has taken place, and the lowest level of cooperation has been between the government and the industry. The findings showed that the highest level of university-government interactions was in 2010, and the lowest level of government-industry interactions was close to zero in most years, indicating the independence and lack of connection between the mentioned elements. One of the remarkable results is that in the years 2010-2019, the interaction between the university and the industry was in contrast with the dual interaction between the university and the government. University-industry interaction has been aligned with industry-government interaction during the years under review. In 2014, the interaction between the dual and triple pillars was zero, while the university-industry interaction reached its highest level this year. Also, in 2014, the highest level of interaction between university-industry dual pillars has been taken place, and the opposite is true for tripartite relationships. In 2010, the highest degree of triple interaction between university-industry-government pillars is observed. Based on the values of the T index, the highest amount of double and triple interactions between university-government, university-industry-government, university-industry, and industry-government have been seen, respectively. In 2014, the interaction of the dual and triple pillars was close to zero, but this year, the interaction between the university and the industry has increased a lot, which indicates that the government does not invest in the industry, and in other words, wherever the role of the government becomes weaker, The role of industry is more prominent.

Abstract The exponential growth in data traffic from smart devices has led to a need for highly capable wireless networks with faster data transmission rates and improved spectral efficiency. Allocating resources efficiently in a 5G communication system with a huge number of machine type communication (MTC) devices is essential to ensure optimal performance and meet the diverse requirements of different applications. The LTE‐A network offers high‐speed mobile data services and caters to MTC devices and has relatively low data service requirements compared to human‐to‐human (H2H) communications. LTE‐A networks require advanced scheduling schemes to manage the limited spectrum and ensure efficient transmissions. This necessitates effective resource allocation schemes to minimize interference between cells in future networks. To address this issue, a joint delay and energy aware Levy flight Brownian movement‐based dragonfly optimization (DELFBDO)‐based uplink resource allocation scheme for LTE‐A Networks is proposed in this work to optimize energy efficiency, maximize the throughput and reduce the latency. The DELFDO algorithm efficiently organizes packets in both time and frequency domains for H2H and MTC devices, resulting in improved quality of service while minimizing energy consumption. The Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method increases the energy efficiency by producing the appropriate channel and power assignment for UEs and MTC devices.

Abstract In view of the existing literature, only the optimization operation of hydrogen energy–wind/light new energy is considered, and the research problems such as comprehensive utilization of water resources and load control strategies are ignored. Based on the analysis of load characteristics of offshore wind power, this paper has established an optimal operation model of power‐fresh water energy system based on “wind‐hydrogen‐water‐electricity” interaction. Meanwhile, an electrolytic hydrogen individual load control strategy is proposed to match wind power fluctuations from the perspective of internal load regulation of electrolytic hydrogen system. From the economic characteristics, operation characteristics, accommodation situation and other simulation analysis, it can reduce the total operating cost by about 3.1%, improve the utilization rate of electrolytic cell capacity, and meet the water demand of coastal users. It shows that the individual control strategy and optimal operation model have advantages, which is of great significance for realizing low‐carbon, safe, and economical operation of power grid in the future.

Abstract Today's healthcare system relies on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for early diagnosis and treatment planning. For open MRI systems to achieve resolutions of about a hundred microns, a high voltage is required, as well as a specialized power supply. Negative–positive–zero (NP0) ceramic is selected for the fabrication of adjustable capacitors. Specifically, it stands for which is a classification based on the temperature coefficient of capacitance (TCC) of the ceramic material used in the capacitor. NP0 capacitors have a TCC of 0 ±30 ppm/°C, which means that their capacitance value does not change significantly with temperature and frequency. They are known for their stability and low losses, making them ideal for applications that require high accuracy and reliability, such as timing circuits for radio frequency (RF) applications. Here, MgTiO3–CaTiO3 ceramic is used to make an adjustable capacitor with desired properties for MRI systems. To enhance the dielectric properties of MgTiO3 ceramics, CaTiO3 was added in varying concentrations. After pressing and sintering, the resulting samples were tested using a vector network analyzer in the frequency range of 10–130 MHz. The adjustable capacitor fabricated using high co‐fired NP0 ceramic may have been used for MRI applications such as tuning circuits and matching networks, where precise capacitance values and low loss are critical. MRI systems with resonance frequencies of 128 MHz require trimmers with ceramic cores (VBreakdown = 3 kV @ 128 MHz, Cmin = 3 pF, CMax = 30 pF, and Cvariation step = 1.5 pF).

The teaching of engineering courses is relatively challenging due to the nature of the courses that are perceived as “difficult courses” by a number of students. Thus, the purpose of this action research was to explore the problems faced by electrical and electronic engineering (PKEE) students studying a difficult topic–transistor. This research was also aimed at identifying the students’ attitude towards Problem-based Learning (PBL). Literature has shown that PBL could enhance students’ understanding and make the learning more meaningful. The theoretical framework of this study was based on Kemmis and Mc Taggart model. Cooperative learning method was also utilised in this study consisted of Jigsaw technique in the first and second rounds of the study. In the final round, the discussion method was used. In an action research design, a classroom is a usual research site. Thus, an engineering class of 30 Form 5 students in a Technical School was selected. The PBL method was applied in the class for a nine-week duration. Empirical data were gathered from peer assessment, observation, and pre- and post-tests. The data were described descriptively using frequency, mean and standard deviation. The main results show that the students were more interactive and their post-test result shows significant increases. In terms of the attitude towards PBL, the participants rated PBL highly. The participants also assert that the main benefits of PBL include enhancing their collaborative and problem-solving skills.