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Abstract The economic development of N-11 countries has been significantly influenced by the contributions of natural resources (NAT) and economic globalization (EG). These countries have been facing drastic environmental problems for several years. Hence, it is imperative to ascertain the environmental ramifications of natural resource extraction activities in the N-11 nations. In doing so, this study examines the impact of gross domestic product (GDP), EG, and NAT on ecological footprints (EF) within the time frame of 1971 to 2022 in the group of N-11 countries. After verifying the cross-sectional dependence, this work found the integration of all variables at first difference. To provide short and long run econometric results; this study utilizes cross sectional autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL). The findings indicate that the presence of NAT rent has a detrimental impact (0.03%) on the ecological quality within the N-11 nations. Moreover, it can be argued that both EG and GDP exhibit environmentally sustainable characteristics over an extended period by (0.03% and − 3.12%) respectively. This study does not provide evidence for the presence of an N-shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in the N-11 nations. Based on the findings, a policy recommendation is proposed for the nations in question. These countries must immediately implement and enforce robust environmental laws while fostering a heightened sense of environmental consciousness. It is imperative for emerging economies to increase their investments to explore and adopt efficient technologies in various economic sectors, including mining.

Previous research on the globalization-welfare state nexus has typically been conducted within a linear monotonic framework, focusing on two primary hypotheses. The efficiency hypothesis predicts that globalization shrinks the welfare state's size. In contrast, the compensation hypothesis argues that globalization increases demand for social security, leading to an expanded welfare state. Empirical evidence on this relationship is mixed, with multicollinearity suggested as one possible explanation. This study explores the non-linear, non-monotonic aspects of this nexus using a yearly panel of 10 ASEAN countries from 1970–2019, analyzed through a Bayesian mixed regression. The study focuses specifically on the effects of economic globalization. The results demonstrate a non-linear, non-monotonic relationship characterized by an inverted U-shape, where economic globalization initially expands the welfare state but, after reaching a certain point, leads to its retrenchment. This outcome supports a combination of both the compensation and efficiency hypotheses, aligning with the principles of non-linear and complex system sciences. The study offers a solid and reliable foundation for predicting long-term globalization processes and formulating comprehensive integration policies in ASEAN in the context of declining public expenditures.

This study examines how path analysis of globalization variables can have a direct effect on economic growth. This study uses the Path Analysis method by reviewing the dynamic modeling between Economic Globalization (GEI), Social Globalization (SGI), Economic Cooperation (KEI), and Economic Growth (GDP) for the period 1970 to 2020 in Indonesia. World Bank and KOFGI ETH Zurich Switzerland publish this data. The results showed that in model (1), there was a direct and significant effect between the KEI variable and GEI of 0.792. Then, in the model (2), the F test or joint test between the GEI, KEI, and SGI variables to GDP has a direct and significant effect. Then, partially, GEI has an immediate and significant impact on GDP, and SGI has a direct and significant effect on GDP. GEI is an intermediary variable for KEI to lead to the path effect to GDP, and this is in accordance with the hypothesis that KEI has an indirect effect on GDP.

The primary objective of this article is to construct a comprehensive conceptual definition of "post-capitalism." The contemporary global landscape, characterized by postmodernity, is currently undergoing a profound institutional crisis. This crisis impacts both its economic underpinnings, rooted in the dominance of financial capitalism, and its societal foundations, which revolve around a universal model of social development built upon a universalist model of consumption.Discourses surrounding post-capitalism within Russian and Western academic and expert circles exhibit unique characteristics. However, they share common traits. On one hand, these discourses reflect an acknowledgment of the impasses inherent in existing models of globalization. On the other hand, they recognize the transformation of capitalism as a universal socio-economic system that forms the bedrock of international relations. This article underscores the inescapable rise of non-economic factors influencing socio-economic systems' development, including their role in shaping international relations.Post-capitalism is best understood as a collection of principles guiding spatial organization and the establishment of economic and political relationships within these spaces, rather than a specific developmental model. Positioned as an element within the broader return to a spatiality, post-capitalism is predominantly discussed within the context of international processes, serving as a transitional phase in international political and economic relations.

IntroductionPolitical corruption is one of the crucial concerns in today’s political landscape that has captured the attention of researchers. Political corruption refers to the breach of public norms by those in political power, either to further personal interests or to protect group interests. It entails the manipulation of political institutions and internal regulations, thereby impacting government bodies and the overall political system. Consequently, political corruption is often anticipated to result in institutional deterioration. However, since the 1980s, globalization has influenced the way through which categories of modern politics, including political corruption, are addressed. In the context of globalization, the examination of political corruption transcends the confines of the nation–state and should be viewed as a global concern.Literature ReviewA review of primary studies concerning the impact of globalization on political corruption reveals a spectrum of pessimistic and optimistic opinions among scholars. Optimists argue that globalization diminishes political corruption, while pessimists contend that it, in fact, increases political corruption. However, recent research indicates that the discrepancy between these viewpoints stems from their differing understandings of the relationship between globalization and political corruption. By adhering to a linear approach, both groups attempt to find the relationship between these variables, and consequently prescribe or discourage further engagement with globalization to exploit opportunities and avoid threats. To resolve this discrepancy, new studies, adopting a non-linear approach, posit that social and political globalization serves as a significant precursor to corruption. Economic globalization is perceived as both a prelude to and a consequence of varying levels of corruption.Materials and MethodsAs a quantitative research, the present study employed regression analysis as a highly practical quantitative method. Specifically, it utilized polynomial regression, which is supported by recent studies as well as by the secondary data sourced from the V-Dem Institute and the KOF Swiss Economic Institute.Results and Discussion According to the regression analysis, the normative nature of political corruption necessitates a redefinition of public and private interests at both the societal and governmental elite levels if the aim is to enhance the social dimension of globalization. The coefficient of the political dimension indicated that increased globalization can lead to a reduction in political corruption as global pressures compel the country to undertake structural and institutional reforms, including safeguarding property rights, enhancing transparency in decision-making processes, and improving the quality of public services. However, the results showed that there is no linear relationship between economic dimension of globalization and political corruption. Instead, the economic dimension influences the impact of other dimensions on political corruption in a non-linear, curved manner. As this dimension increases, political corruption decreases up to a certain point, but beyond that threshold, corruption levels begin to rise.One of the ideals and goals that emerged during the formation of the Islamic Revolution in Iran was the fight against the political corruption that had been rampant during the Pahlavi era, which required a revolutionary change as the only means to eliminate corruption. However, following the success of the Revolution, the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran inherited a political, governance, and administrative system that later fell into the depths of various forms of corruption. The present research aimed to address a fundamental question: What is the impact of Iran’s engagement with globalization on the level of political corruption in the country? The necessity of conducting such studies arises from the importance of understanding the effect of globalization on various political issues with the ultimate aim of leveraging the benefits and avoiding the threats. Considering Iran’s economic structure, the system of international sanctions against Iran, and the normative nature of political corruption, it is expected that the various dimensions of globalization may have a detrimental impact on political corruption in Iran. Conclusion In conclusion, given the concurrent influence of different dimensions of globalization on political issues, policymakers are recommended to follow a non-linear approach to leverage the opportunities and avoid the threats of globalization.

Considering the importance of economic globalization in shaping Ghana’s economic growth trajectory, examining the relationship between these two variables is crucial for policymakers to develop strategies aimed at maximizing the benefits of economic globalization and minimizing the challenges associated with it. Therefore, this study investigates the long-run and short-run effects of economic globalization on economic growth of Ghana. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) is employed for the analysis. This paper further employs the Phillips-Oliar’s residual-based cointegration test and the continuous wavelet coherence test to examine the causality between economic growth and its determinants. The results from the ARDL model suggest that economic globalization has not promoted economic growth. Specifically, a 1% increase in economic globalization reduces economic growth by 1.80% and 3.90% in the short- and long run periods respectively at a 1% significance level. The results further reveal capital, government expenditure and labour as key determinants of economic growth. The wavelet causality test reveals a one-way causality from economic growth to economic globalization. Based on the findings, policy suggestions have been highlighted for stakeholders’ consideration with the aim of enhancing economic growth of Ghana.

Even if the globalization of the economy has resulted in changes in environmental quality, environmental policy formulation still requires research that integrates the KOF Globalization Index and the load capacity factor Index into a single framework. From 1996 to 2020, the study examined the effect of economic globalization on the environmental integrity of Asian economies. Utilizing a load capacity factor index as a proxy for environmental quality and the KOF economic globalization index to measure economic globalization is distinctive to this study. Checking the independent and interactive effects of economic globalization and institutional quality on environmental quality is another innovative aspect of this study. This study modified the conventional environmental Kuznets curve based on economic globalization to derive the geometry of the environmental Kuznets curve based on economic globalization. The System generalized method of moment technique is used to determine the long-term relationship between economic globalization and environmental quality. The system GMM analysis demonstrates a positive correlation between the globalization of the economy and environmental performance. In addition, the results corroborate the inverted U-shaped relationship between economic globalization and environmental quality for the 48 Asian economies analyzed. In addition, the results confirmed the importance of institutional quality in mitigating the negative impact of globalization on environmental quality. Consideration is given to policy recommendations based on these findings.

Purpose. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between economic globalization and the ecological footprint in countries with different levels of development using a Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) analysis. Methodology / approach. The study covers the years 1970 to 2017 for 65 developed and developing countries. The ecological footprint is the dependent variable in the study’s model, and the GDP and KOF Globalization Index (KOF) index are the independent variables. The CADF panel unit root test, which takes into account cross-sectional dependence, was used to choose the appropriate test method for the analysis. Feasible Generalised Least Square and Westerlund ECM panel cointegration analyses were performed for model estimation. Results. Economic globalization and ecological footprint have a considerable relationship, according to the results of FGLS and Westerlund cointegration analysis. Economic globalization has a long-run negative impact on the ecological footprint. Environmental problems are being addressed as a result of more economic globalization, faster technology development, and consequently decreased usage of natural resources. Furthermore, as globalization and communication technologies develop, societies will have more information on the importance of the environment. As a result, they can show more eco-friendly behavior. Originality / scientific novelty. Several studies in the literature include the cointegration relationship between economic globalization and ecological footprint. Although there are few studies on this topic in the literature, one aspect that distinguishes this study is the use of an estimation method that takes into account the cross-sectional dependent, second-generation unit root tests, FGLS cointegration analysis, and Westerlund ECM analysis. Practical value / implications. The importance of the findings is that increased economic globalization has a negative effect on the ecological footprint. As economic globalization increases, so does communication technology, as well as international trade. Individuals become more environmentally conscious as a result of communication, which generally reduces ecological footprint.

Consumers, regulators, government institutions, and the media are all directly affected by globalization. Globalization is a recognized economic phenomenon that is often seen as a catalyst for national economic growth and development. The economy, politics, and society have become more intertwined in the last two decades. A trend in one part of the world quickly influences development in other parts. The COVID-19 epidemic is an excellent example of this interdependence. The purpose of this study is to systematically review the literature which deals with the study of composite indices measuring globalization and its impact. This is accomplished by collecting and classifying 65 peer-reviewed publications, primarily from Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct, and augmented by a search of existing databases and bibliographies. This review elaborates on the six widely cited globalization indexes. The study will contribute to existing literature and theories by documenting and comparing currently used composite indices. Findings show that despite its shortcomings, the KOFGI is the most popular index with sixty three percent of globalization studies citing it followed by ATK/FP as second most cited index.

Abstract Understanding the role of information communication and technology (ICT) in environmental issues stemming from extensive energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission in the process of economic development is worthwhile both from policy and scholarly fronts. Motivated on this premise, the study contributes to the rising studies associated with the roles of economic growth, institutional quality and information and communication technology (ICT) have on CO2 emission in the framework of the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) on climate convention in Paris. Obtaining data from the emerging industrialized seven (E7) economies (China, India, Indonesia, Russia, Mexico, Brazil and Turkey) covering annual frequency from 1995 to 2016 for our analysis achieved significant outcome. From the empirical analysis, economic globalization and renewable energy consumption both reduce CO2 emissions while ICT, institutional quality and fossil fuel contribute to the degradation of the environment. This study affirms the presence of an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) phenomenon which shows an invented U-shaped curve within the E7 economies. On the causality front, both income and its square have a feedback causal relationship with carbon emissions while economic globalization, institutional quality, ICT and clean energy all have a one-way directional causal relationship with CO2 emissions. Conclusively, the need to reduce environmental degradation activities should be pursued by the blocs such as tree planting activities to mitigate the effect of deforestation. Furthermore, the bloc should shift from the use of fossil-fuel and leverage on ICT to enhance the use of clean energy which is environmentally friendly.

ABSTRACTThis paper compares the cases of Seoul, Taipei and Keelung to illustrate the dynamics of the local state in leading the process of cultural preservation. We argue that political ambitions of local leaders, driven by economic and political incentives to boost local development, create policy networks centered around local bureaucracies. Various actors, such as local political elites, local bureaucracies, civic groups and developers, are involved in the process of political and economic entangling. The cultural preservation projects are thus the reflection of the political interpretation of memory, as well as the realization of local state power to implement innovative goals of urban rebranding and regeneration. The Korean and Taiwanese cases demonstrate that political functions, such as regime legitimacy and the formation of new identities, have been instrumental in the process of urban regeneration. This paper brings the “politics” back into local developmentalism in the democratic societies of South Korea and Taiwan. This paper also argues that central-local relationship matters as well. The local developmental states are not totally isolated from political entanglements at the central level. Policy supports from the central level are mainly out of political concerns to legitimize ongoing efforts of historical reconstruction and re-interpretation.

Globalization has been witnessed to bring numerous benefits to the advancement in information communication technologies. However, to analyze this relationship mostly aggregate globalization and country-specific studies have been conducted, without considering the importance of disaggregate globalization for advancement in information communication technologies. Therefore, this article aims to examine the impact of aggregate and disaggregate globalization on the advancement of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the case of 87 developed and developing countries for 2000-2019. Panel least square and pairwise Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality tests have been used for empirical analysis. We have divided our empirical analysis into six models, i.e. aggregate globalization model for whole sample countries, disaggregate globalization model for whole sample countries, aggregate globalization model for developed countries, disaggregate globalization model for developed countries, aggregate globalization model for developing countries, and disaggregate globalization model for developing countries. Our estimated outcomes of the aggregate globalization model for the whole sample countries and developing countries show that globalization has a positive and significant impact on the advancement of information and communication technology. Our outcomes show that economic globalization, social globalization, political globalization, and availability of physical capital have a positive and significant impact on the advancement of ICT in developing countries. In the case of developed countries, aggregate globalization, political globalization, and social globalization reduce the advancement of ICT, whereas the availability of physical capital and economic globalization are raising the advancement of ICT. The results of the causality test show that all the variables have a causal relationship with each other except some variables of developed countries in the disaggregate globalization model. Our outcomes recommend that developing countries should promote aggregate and disaggregate globalization to achieve the desired level of ICT.

The current research on regional collaboration lacks the research perspective of global production network, which makes it difficult for the research on the collaboration of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area to recognize the differences in the development of strategic coupling modes of various cities in the Greater Bay Area, and to clarify the differences in the status and division of labor of these cities in the global production network. These differences are the key to the coordinated development of the Greater Bay Area. Therefore, based on the theoretical framework of the global production network, this study uses the variable of strategic coupling to analyze the development of the strategic coupling mode of the cities in the Greater Bay Area and the differences in their status and division of labor in the global production network, so as to further understand the coordinated development of the Greater Bay Area. There are three main findings in this study. First, the strategic coupling mode and evolution process of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao are essentially different, belonging to different global production networks. Hong Kong has experienced two processes of dependency coupling to decoupling in the development of local manufacturing and the later "having stores in front and factories behind" mode, forming a mutually beneficial coupling mode in the financial industry. Macao has experienced two processes from dependency coupling to decoupling in the manufacturing industry, forming an absorption coupling mode in the gambling industry. Second, there are also significant differences in the strategic coupling modes of cities in the Pearl River Delta. Each city is embedded into different global production networks through different leading industries. Third, under the influence of the strategic coupling differences of the above two scales, the regional economy of the Greater Bay Area does not gradually move toward coordinated development, but presents the characteristics of less connection-collaboration-collaborative difficulties. The core argument of this paper is that the differences of strategic coupling mode lead to the embedding of cities into global production networks with significant differences in economic cycles, production systems and technological structures, making it difficult to achieve the overall regional collaboration. And the contribution of this study is that with the help of the global production network theory, it provides a new interpretation perspective for regional collaboration research, reveals the difficulties of regional collaboration in the Greater Bay Area, enriches the study of the long-term dynamic evolution of relational economic geography, and provides some suggestions for the formulation of collaborative policy.

Since the industrial revolution, the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs)has been increasing steadily. It is to be noted that China emitted 27% of the world’s GHGs in 2019, making it the world’s most significant contributor to climate degradation. The key objectives of this investigation are to ascertain the N-shaped association between CO2 emissions and economic growth in the presence of energy use and domestic government health expenditures. In addition, the research inspected the role of Belt and Road Initiative through economic globalization in China. This study utilized the autoregressive distributed lag model and found that an N-shaped environmental Kuznets curve exists in China. Furthermore, the study discovered that economic globalization improves ecological excellence in the short run. Nonetheless, energy consumption and health expenditures considerably amplify the intensity of CO2 emanation in China in the long run. The research suggested that installing green industries through economic globalization can imperatively lessen environmental degradation. Moreover, installing technological firms will be more beneficial in the long run to overcome environmental degradation rather than importing from other countries. The study elaborated momentous causation effects among the study variables through the Granger causality test.

Obesity has considerably increased since 1980 and become a global epidemic. Obesity-related health problems and the negative social and economic implications of obesity have led international institutions and countries to combat it. This study investigates the role of educational attainment and economic globalization in the global prevalence of obesity in samples of adult females and males in BRICS economies for 1990–2016 through causality and cointegration tests. The results of the causality tests reveal that educational attainment and economic globalization have a significant influence on obesity in both adult females and males in the short run. Furthermore, cointegration analysis indicates a negative effect of educational attainment on obesity in all BRICS economies in the long run, but the influence of economic globalization on obesity differs among the BRICS economies. Furthermore, the negative influence of educational attainment on obesity is revealed to be relatively higher in females than males.

New-values-developer in every national economy is reputed business which consists by two sort of companies:domestic or international orientation. For these companies and the whole economy generally, their mutual relationship is charge for the development.Till the present days, around the world, scientific papers had not pay deserved attention to this important topic, which has resulted in deceleration of national economy development and it has desoriented its relation towards globalization, specially in less developed countries. Precisely because of that, the topic of this scientific paper chose comparative research of national and international business lead by purpose to reveil new scientific information in this field which can be professionaly used to set domestic (national) economy into accelerated development, specificially. A priori, in the purpose of ensuring indispensable empiristic standards, the suitable questionnaire exampled on the Republic of Serbia features is used due to the fact that Serbia, as middle developed country, represents a perfect example for scientific research.

The global economy in recent decades has experienced frequent shocks. Many regions must improve their competitiveness and value-added to deal with this. One of them is in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), where a rise in agricultural value-added (AVA) can produce more jobs than in other sectors. It is necessary to consider increasing AVA in the MENA region. Hence, the aim of this study is identifying the determinant factors of AVA in the MENA region. We employed 13 countries in the MENA region as samples in this study. The study's data spans 45 years, from 1975 to 2019. Static panel data regression analysis was employed in this study. AVA can growth by increasing the irrigated land, credit, and human capital. Meanwhile, growing inflation and economic globalization will reduce AVA. Therefore, we recommend that countries in the MENA region have to increase irrigation infrastructure, expand agricultural credit availability, encourage farmers to get a good education, improve research and development, control inflation, and find the best way to implement economic globalization.

This study examines the potential impact of nuclear energy consumption on environmental sustainability in the context of economic globalization using FMOLS, DOLS and panel Granger causality tests with a panel of BRICS countries data for the period 1985–2020 based on the inverted U-curve relationship of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. The findings support the panel's EKC hypothesis of an inverted U- curve relationship and suggest that economic growth exacerbates environmental pollution and is detrimental to the improvement of environmental quality in BRICS countries, while economic globalization, nuclear energy and renewable energy consumption tend to improve the environmental quality and play a leading role in reducing environmental pollution. Furthermore, panel Granger causality tests have shown the bi-directional causality of CO2 emissions and renewable energy consumption with economic growth. However, unidirectional causality exists from CO2 emissions to renewable energy consumption, nuclear energy consumption to economic growth, and renewable energy consumption to economic globalization. This study suggests that the best option for improving the environmental quality of BRICS countries to combat global warming in the light of long-term sustainable economic globalization is to achieve a mix of nuclear and renewable energy sources in order to ensure and meet the needs of economic and environmental sustainability, thereby effectively achieving the goals of “decarbonization” and “emission reduction”.

The logistics sector plays an imperative role in the economic development of a country. However, it can also affect environmental quality as it the viewed as a major energy-consuming sector. The current literature on the relationship between logistics performance and environmental quality is scant and most studies neglect its environmental impact in the context of emerging countries. In this context, this study investigates the impact of logistics performance index (LPI), green innovation, renewable energy, and economic globalization on the environmental quality in the 22 emerging countries. Using the panel data from 2007 to 2018, we employed the Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MM-QR) for empirical analysis. The empirical results show that LPI deteriorates the environmental quality by increasing CO2 emissions across all quantiles (10th–90th). Moreover, green innovation is significantly and negatively related to CO2 emission in all the quantiles except at the 10th quantiles, while renewable energy use significantly improves the environmental quality across all quantiles (10th–90th). Economic globalization shows a significant and negative impact on CO2 emission across quantiles (10th–90th) in emerging countries. Based on these findings, this study proposes that emerging countries need to align their logistics sector policies with sustainable development goals. At the same time, more resources should be allocated for green innovation and the renewable energy sector and promote economic globalization to foster sustainable development.

AbstractAppropriate share of the economic markets, political interaction, social and cultural activities need international contact and properties almost similar conditions in the domestic environment. The presence of government in national markets one of the most important factors that indoor exposure especially with global competition undermines the national economy. This study aimed to investigate the effect of government size on globalization in 95 selected countries around the world between 1985-2014 using dynamic panel model (GMM) was performed. In this paper, multiple indicators for example globalization index KOF, attract foreign direct investment and share of export of domestic production has been studied. The results show that significant negative correlation between government size and globalization of society. It can be said that the widespread presence of government can interact successfully in a global society and international markets to weaken the economy. As well as the effects of other variables in the models suggest that human development, control of corruption, expenditure on research and development and increase domestic production have positive impact but inflation and high rates of tariffs have negative impact on economic success in attracting international investment and exports there.

Recent protectionist tendencies in affluent democracies challenge the mainstream consensus of democracy and free trade as a virtuous relationship. Attempts to pin this protectionism on the undemocratic nature of accompanying populism cannot really be backed by existing theory. This article argues there is a theoretical void concerning the nexus of political regimes and international trade that is clearly exposed by ongoing populistic protectionism. The central theory on the political economy of democracy and trade liberalization, here dubbed the Stolper-Samuelson-Meltzer-Richards theory (SSMR) is critically examined. The SSMR has been used to explain both causal directions of the democracy/trade nexus. Each direction is explained by its own version of the SSMR, and these versions are mutually exclusive. An extensive review of empirical studies is presented to show that the predictions of the SSMR are met with a mix of support and rejection. The paper then explores the weaknesses of the SSMR and how it can be refashioned to accommodate an endogenous relationship between regime change and trade liberalization. A coupling of theory inspired by Stolper and Samuelson with the selectorate theory (Mesquita, 2003) is proposed as an avenue of future theory-building that mitigates the weaknesses of the SSMR and potentially explains populist protectionism.

As the coronavirus pandemic continues to spread, the degree of its negative im- pact on the development of economic systems throughout the world economy increases. At the same time, the issues of the future world order and the restoration of the global econ- omy are becoming more and more uncertain. The purpose of our study was to review the conceptual and practical approaches to substantiating the possibilities of postcrisis recov- ery of the global economy in the context of the continuing negative impact of the pandemic on international trade, capital flows and the development of the world financial system. The article reviews the materials of international economic organizations to assess the longterm economic consequences of the pandemic. The analysis shows that the main problem in as- sessing the possibilities for the recovery of the world economy is the existing heterogeneity in the degree of the pandemic's impact on individual sectors and economies of countries, as well as the differentiation and inconsistency of the applied economic policy instruments. In addition, it was found that the world retains a high potential for financial instability, and “vaccine nationalism” is getting worse. The main contradiction is the transboundary nature of the challenges to further economic development with a significant slowdown in global- ization pro-cesses. The author considers the current pandemic to be one of the new global problems of the world economy, since its recovery in the current conditions is of an indefi- nite spasmodic nature, and there are also risks of a permanent slowdown in economic mo- bility. The solution to the key problem of economic growth - increasing productivity - is pos- sible only with a clear understanding and planning of progress with inclusive vaccination, which is so far elusive. Although shortterm economic policy is a priority for governments, a wellcoordinated international agenda is needed at the global level to ensure the transition from income support to stimulating economic growth, as well as to overcome the existing structural imbalances and distortions in the system of economic relations between coun- tries.

Amidst the ongoing liberalization of international trade and transnational movement of capital, each nation-state’s fiscal policies have gradually become more dependent on other countries. Developing countries, especially, are forced to make changes to taxation and public expenditure in this era of globalization. It is thus important to understand what kind of relationship exists between globalization and public spending. This study aims to clarify the effects of fiscal competition on public expenditure, from the perspective of the compensation and efficiency theses. These effects currently remain uncertain, despite the growing wave of academic interest in the field. To see how fiscal competition affects the structure of public expenditure, the determinants of public expenditures have been examined for 10 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries from 2006-2014. Eleven panel data models have been set up. Public expenditures, as the dependent variable, have been addressed in 10 sub-groups – based on their distribution both as a whole and per their socio-economic functions. Thus, we analyzed the relationship between fiscal competition and both total of public expenditures and the composition of public expenditures. The study thus contributes to the existing literature on fiscal competition. It is observed that corporate tax competition has decreasing effects on all public expenditures. Falling tax revenues due to fiscal competition have the effect of reducing overall public expenditures by decreasing the resources available for use by public policymakers. We can thus evaluate corporate tax competition as having an efficiency increasing effect, by decreasing the government’s share of within the economy.

Abstract The Common Heritage of Mankind (CHM) principle was adopted in UNCLOS 1982 to prevent monopoly of the Area utilization by developed countries. Applying the principle has been challenging and would only get even more challenging during the economic globalization era. There have been rapid changes within the structure of the international community, posing challenges to the implementation of the CHM principle in the area. This paper aims to elaborate on these challenges in the economic globalization era. The research identified that the economic globalization era posed some new and enhanced challenges in applying the principle in the area, questioning its relevance. These challenges are the shifting interests of some developing countries and the increased pressure to obtain more mineral resources to accelerate the conversion to green technologies. The research concluded that the international community is faced with two choices, either to maintain the application of the CHM principle without taking further compromising steps to maximize the goal of achieving the welfare of humanity or re-adjusting the operationalization of the CHM principle in UNCLOS 1982 to adapt to changes in the international community in the era of economic globalization. Abstrak Prinsip Common Heritage of Mankind (CHM) diadopsi dalam UNCLOS 1982 untuk mencegah monopoli pemanfaatan Kawasan Dasar Laut Internasional (Kawasan) oleh negara-negara maju. Penerapan prinsip CHM merupakan sebuah tantangan dan akan menjadi lebih menantang dalam era globalisasi ekonomi. Terdapat perubahan dalam struktur masyarakat internasional, yang akan menimbulkan tantangan bagi penerapan prinsip CHM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan tantangan- tantangan tersebut di era globalisasi ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa era globalisasi ekonomi memunculkan beberapa tantangan yamg baru dan lebih menantang dalam penerapan prinsip CHM di Kawasan, mempertanyakan relevansinya. Tantangan tersebut adalah pergeseran kepentingan beberapa negara berkembang dan meningkatnya tekanan untuk memperoleh lebih banyak sumber daya mineral guna mempercepat konversi ke teknologi ramah lingkungan. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa komunitas internasional menghadapi dua pilihan, yakni antara tetap mempertahankan penerapan prinsip CHM tanpa mengambil kompromi lebih lanjut untuk memaksimalkan potensi manfaat bagi seluruh umat manusia, atau menyesuaikan penerapan prinsip CHM dalam UNCLOS 1982 sebagai respons terhadap perubahan yang terjadi di komunitas internasional dalam era globalisasi ekonomi.

The study substantiates the fact that the need to consolidate various approaches to the establishment and development of the rural economy in different countries is increasing, which is explained by the growing degree of transparency of national economies, intensified cooperation between them and the creation of interstate economic entities. In this context, there is a direct correlation between the globalization of the economy and the convergence of rural development policy, which is based on the mechanism of inclusive rural transformation. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the special features of the development of the rural economy as an objective process of market transformation and outline the benefits of the European experience for transition economies. It was substantiated that radical structural and institutional transformations in socioeconomic systems (both sectoral and territorial) were the impetus for the development of the rural economy as a modern phenomenon in the field of scientific knowledge around the world. First of all, this refers to the countries where the agricultural sector predominates in the development of GDP, and there is also a significant share of the rural population in relation to the urban population. It was proved that rural areas require a separate policy and mechanisms to manage their development, develop an appropriate institutional platform for the functioning of the rural economy and rural business, ensure proper living conditions for rural residents, preserve the environment, rural flair as well as cultural and historical heritage. The specific features of inclusive rural transformation in different groups of countries (with transition, agricultural, and urban economies) are highlighted, which reflects the process of increasing rural productivity, expanding employment opportunities, improving access to services and infrastructure, enabling policy influence, etc. It was theoretically proved that the effectiveness of market levers determines intersectoral cooperation and the level of economic development of the country (including the territorial division – urban and rural areas). It was established that the implementation of a successful economic policy on the transition to market principles in some countries, particularly EU member states, and their recognition as leaders of economic growth is accompanied by targeted government support and active innovation-oriented government policy with prudent use of various institutional regulators. The necessity and advantages of using the European experience of rural economy development for the countries with transition economies are proved.

Küreselleşme ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkinin ortaya konulmasının taşıdığı önem bakımından bu çalışmada, küreselleşme ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi ve yönü, seçilmiş 88 ülke için 2000-2016 dönemi yıllık verileri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada yöntem olarak Dumitrescu ve Hurlin panel nedensellik testi kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre ekonomik büyüme ve ekonomik küreselleşme, ekonomik büyüme ve sosyal küreselleşme, ekonomik büyüme ve teknolojik küreselleşme arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi mevcut iken; ekonomik büyümeden genel küreselleşmeye ve ekonomik büyümeden politik küreselleşmeye doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Inequality in global wealth distribution has led to a growing gap between developing and developed countries with regards to income levels, consumption rates, and living standards. In view of that, the difference between these two groups of countries in terms of levels of knowledge and technology infrastructure, human capital, and innovation-based production has been cited as the main reason for inequality in the distribution of global wealth. The present study examines the effect of knowledge components on the inequality of global wealth distribution in the selected leading countries in science, implementing the approach of panel data and the use of generalized moment method for the period 2010-2017. The estimated results demonstrate that the effect of components of economic incentives, institutional regimes, and information and communication technology infrastructure on the inequality of global wealth distribution for the selected countries is negative and significant. Nonetheless, the effect of components of the innovation system, education, and development of human resources on the inequality of global wealth distribution is positive and significant. In addition, the effect of control variables, such as main globalization index and economic globalization, on the inequality of global wealth distribution for the selected countries is positive and significant; Also, the effect of social globalization and political globalization on the inequality of global wealth distribution is not significant.

The influence of globalization processes on the functioning and implementation of the strategy of economic development of the state is analyzed and proved. The author's approach to defining the concept of economic globalization and economic strategy of the state taking into account globalization challenges is offered, the model of realization of strategy of economic development of the state in the conditions of globalization is developed. New external challenges for Ukraine in the context of globalization and further integration of the country into the world economy include both potential benefits that should be sought to maximize and serious risks and threats that require targeted action to identify, mitigate and neutralize. Ukraine's economic development are formed. In the light of modern globalization challenges and a new stage of Ukraine's economic development, the importance of scientific substantiation of national economic strategies and the formation of effective state economic policy on their basis is growing. It is important to form a new vision for the choice of economic development strategies, which will be based on scientific knowledge, existing patterns of modern economic development and a clear understanding of the possibilities of advanced development. The choice of economic development strategy in the context of globalization requires a theoretical understanding of the essence of this phenomenon, its impact, determining their place in the system of macroeconomic development. New external challenges for Ukraine in the context of globalization and further integration of the country into the world economy include both potential benefits that should be sought to maximize and serious risks and threats that require targeted action to identify, mitigate and neutralize. The strategy of economic development of the state should be to effectively integrate the economy into globalization, which ensures maximum use of the resulting benefits and minimize the inevitable risks in favor of successful economic development. The strategy of economic development of the state in the effective introduction of the economy in the processes of globalization, which ensures maximum use of benefits and minimizes the risks in favor of successful economic development of the state.

In recent years, information and communication technology (ICT) is used in every sphere of life, from business to services, education to culture, infrastructure to transportation, and art to entertainment. The current study aims to assess the impact of ICT, economic growth, and globalization on CO2 emission in the context of Pakistan. For empirical estimation, the current study applied an innovative methodological approach called generalized linear model (GLM) and robust least square (ROBUSTLS) technique for the years 1990–2019. The key finding of this study shows that economic growth has a positive and significant effect on CO2 emission, which confirm that economic growth accelerates the rate of CO2 emission, while the study also reveals that ICT usage (more specifically ICT-internet and ICT-mobilesubscription) has a negative but significant effect on CO2 emission, which confirms that the usage of ICT (more specifically ICT-internet and ICT-mobile subscription) does not contribute positively to CO2 emission. Furthermore, the coefficient of globalization has a positive and significant effect on the CO2 emission, which confirms that globalization accelerates the CO2 emission in the country. Also, the results indicate that ICT usage (more specifically ICT-internet and ICT-mobile subscription) could boost economic growth and mitigate climate change. Based on the policy perspective, the government of Pakistan needs to strategically focus on the ICT sector and more specifically on technological innovations to promote sustainable economic growth in the country.

Based on the logic of how the connotation of globalization has changed in different stages, we review the development process of practices and theories about global cities, extract a more general theoretical framework for global cities, and then propose a hypothesis about new global cities in accordance with the theory and historical logic. From the theoretical and empirical perspectives, we analyze the formation and characteristics of new global cities, evaluate them from a new perspective, and come to the following conclusions: Information technology (IT) and finance are becoming the leading forces of economic globalization; the superposition of cities’ functions as an IT center and a financial center has become the core feature of the new global cities; and new global cities can be divided into four levels, among which New York, Beijing, London and San Jose are at the top level.

Mondragón is the largest business group in the social economy, in Spain. It currently consists of 266 organizations, of which 143 are overseas manufacturing subsidiaries, or experiences of globalization of the established production process - GPPE. This article is part of a broader research in which an analytical tool for evaluating the socioeconomic impact was developed. It was used in order to evaluate the impact of the Mondragón GPPE in countries at risk identified as target markets. It combines two types of measures: the economic impact through Input-Output tables, and the alignment of diverse economic, social and ecological policies and practices with their core business strategies degree to which various economic, environmental and socially responsible policies and practices are aligned with the business strategy. Specifically, the case of Fagor Ederlan Brasileira is presented here, for which an on-site fieldwork was carried out in Mina Gerais and Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Abstract The paper investigates the impact of globalization (overall, economic, social, and political) on economic growth of South Asian countries over the period from 1971 to 2014 employing cross-sectional dependence test, Cross sectionally Augmented Dickey–Fuller (CADF) unit root test (Pesaran in J Appl Econ 22(2):265–312 https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.951, 2007), and Pooled Mean Group (PMG) panel cointegration model (Pesaran et al. in J Am Stat Assoc 94(446):621–634, 1999). Results report that overall globalization, economic globalization, and political globalization accelerate economic growth in the long-run; however, the dimensions of globalization have no significant effect in the short-run. Focusing on the individual country regressions, we find the amalgam results, as the characteristics, elasticity, and strength of political, social, and economic institutions are different in the selected countries. The policy implication is that the governments of South Asian countries should realize the importance of globalization as a powerful influencing force and should adopt the new circumstances of globalization quickly and try to find coherent policies to be connected with an evolving world.

Abstract The income gap among industries in China is usually explained by the theory of segmented labor market. However, this perspective cannot explain why the finance industry has the highest average income among the monopoly industries, while the manufacturing industry has much lower incomes than any other competitive industry. This paper argues that it can be explained by the way China participates in the economic globalization. Liberalization of the manufacturing industry and protection of the finance industry are China’s strategies in dealing with opportunities and challenges of economic globalization. This paper compares the average incomes of monopoly and competitive industries, as well as that of finance and manufacturing. Analyses of panel data spanning from 2000 to 2014 show that the bigger the size of foreign trade, the higher the average income of the finance industry, and the lower the average income of the whole monody industries; at the same time, FDI reduces the average income of the manufacturing industry. This research advances the literature of segmented labor market by pointing out that income inequality between industries in China should be understood in the context of economic globalization.

This study aimed to identify the change resulting from globalization in tourism industry and their impact in the development of tourism activity. The study followed the descriptive style, to achieve this purpose, a questionnaire was developed to measure the effect of political, economical and cultural globalization on tourism Activity. The sample of study consisted of (255) employees from higher departments of the Jordanian tourism industry. The results of the present study showed that the changes resulting from globalization (political, economical and cultural) in tourism industry showed a high level in the development of activity tourism. The results also indicated the presence of significant differences in the fields of cultural globalization on tourism activity and the effects of political globalization on Tourism Activity due to gender is in favor of males, However, there were no differences in the field of economic globalization on Activity Tourism, there were significant differences attributed to qualification in the field of political globalization on Tourism Activity and the study tool as a whole in favor of bachelor degree, there were no differences due to the variables of experience and type of job in the fields of economic, cultural, political and there were significant differences in sector variable in the field of political globalization on Tourism Activity in favor of public sector. Whereas, there were differences due to public sector in the study tool as a whole in favor of private sector.

Especially in the post-1980 period, with the developments in information and communication technologies in the world, the boundaries between the countries have disappeared and globalization has started to be experienced intensively. This intensity in globalization provides significant advantages to some sectors and has disadvantages for some. In this study, the effects of globalization in economic, political and social fields on defense industry expenditures in Turkey were analyzed within the frame of VAR model by using data from the period of 1974-2015. The results of cointegration indicate a long-term relationship between variables, while the results of causality test show that political and economic globalization is the cause of defense expenditures.

Over recent years, globalization has become the most rapidly developing and most influential aspect for economic growth in developing countries. As developing countries accelerate the pace of globalization, it pops up a question whether the nature of biofuel production is growing due to ongoing globalization. Given that, this paper aim to examine the impact of globalization on biofuel in panel data of 50 developing countries for the period from 2012 to 2016. The panel estimation results showed that economic globalization has a positive effect on biofuel production, and the evidence is robust to the several robustness checks. We, therefore, suggests that encouraging the economic aspect of globalization increase the consumption of biofuels, thereby reducing the harmful environmental impacts.

The proliferation of protectionist sentiments and policies has raised questions about the psychological sources of trade openness among the public. The current research investigated the effects of a previously neglected factor on attitudes toward international trade: conspiracy mentality. Conspiracy mentality describes the generalized belief that political and economic events are controlled by powerful malevolent forces acting in secret. Using data from a cross-sectional survey of German adults (N = 391), I hypothesized and found that conspiracy mentality is uniquely associated with the perceived threat posed by foreign trade and opposition to international trade. These findings suggest that individual differences in conspiracy mentality make an important contribution to understanding the fears associated with economic globalization.

First paragraphs: Local is Our Future was published shortly before the rise of the COVID-19 pandemic, yet it makes a timely contribution critiquing economic globalization given the experiences of 2020. It emphasizes the need for shorter supply chains and champions local food systems by focusing on the structural forces that currently control the food system. In the first three chapters, Norberg-Hodge explains and details the costs of economic globali­zation, which provides an adept introduction to understanding the structural impacts of financial deregulation on health, food security, environmen­tal consequences, and growing inequality. The fourth chapter covers a topic that might seem unlikely to be included in a book on local futures, as it describes the rise of extremism, yet this is a crucial analysis for current events. This book was published before the Black Lives Matter demon­strations that occurred around the world in sum­mer 2020; however, it provides a contextual backdrop for how the globalized financial system promotes economic insecurity that can lead to the adoption of a false narrative by the far right, as observed by the backlash to BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, and People of Color) communities demonstrating the need for increased equality. . . .

Over the past few years, a growing number of scholars employed ecological footprint (EP) as a proxy of environmental deterioration because this comprehensive indicator effectively captures environmental degradation. However, the literature on driving factors of the ecological footprint indicates diverse findings, and the majority of the studies explore symmetric relationships. Taking this in view, the current study uses both symmetric and asymmetric methods to examine the nexus between ecological footprint, economic globalization, economic growth, and financial development, controlling for population density and energy consumption in the third-largest economy Japan. The study uses advanced unit root methods including the Narayan-Popp and CMR unit root tests with two breaks to determine unit root properties. The asymmetric and symmetric ARDL methods are used to probe cointegration and long-run associations. The findings reveal the long-run asymmetric and symmetric relationship of variables with the ecological footprint. The long-run empirical results of symmetric ARDL suggest that economic globalization and financial development increase footprint in Japan. On the flipside, the novel findings from the asymmetric ARDL indicate that positive and negative changes in economic globalization reduce footprint. Interestingly, the asymmetric ARDL presents a totally different picture, indicating that the results of symmetric ARDL can be unreliable in the presence of asymmetries. A positive change in financial development increases footprint with a more pronounced effect in the long-run, compared to a negative change which has a comparatively weak effect. Energy consumption deteriorates the environment by increasing the ecological footprint. On the positive side, population density decreases footprint, and the inverted U-shaped relationship between footprint and income confirms the validity of the EKC in Japan. Finally, the policy implications of these novel findings are discussed.

The role of strategic analysis in the activity and ensuring the economic stability of the airline in the modern conditions of economic development is considered. An analysis of approaches to the study of the airline’s external environment in unstable market economic conditions. The specifics of the application of strategic analysis in aviation enterprises are scientifically substantiated. It is established that at the stage of strategic analysis interpret the strategic position of the organization by identifying changes in the economic environment of the organization and determining their impact on the organization and its activities, as well as identifying benefits and resources of the organization depending on such changes. The professionalism of the analysis of the modern airline allows to determine the main time tasks that it wants to perform in the medium and long term to achieve the goal. This limitation in the time period implies that in the process of implementing the strategic plan, the company must repeatedly take corrective action, which at the last stage radically changes the nature and direction of the planned results. Theoretical principles and practical recommendations for the use of strategic analysis as a tool for the formation and implementation of airline development strategy are proposed. Determining a strategic problem in advance increases the time you can respond to it. However, with increasing frequency of possible sudden changes, the degree of their predictability decreases. This means that until sufficient information is received for well-thought-out measures, there is a lack of time to implement them, which could harm the airline or lead to a loss of profitable economic opportunity. Tactical and strategic management in all respects should be based on a scientifically sound methodology of systems analysis to solve emerging problems.

The article presents the descriptive analysis of level of economic, political and social development of Sudan according to the global trends. An analysis of the country’s development trends and the dependence of the national market on the global movements of the world economy will provide an important channel for formulating forecasts for the development of the economy of Sudan.

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to disseminate among concerned professionals its certain operational aspects, including some possible implications on health and medical care practices. Design/methodology/approach - It is written on the basis of the author’s special study of a diverse source of information, as well as on author’s practical experience and observation in this particular area. Findings - Special attention is paid to possible public health impacts within a broad social and economic framework, as well as to its impacts on the existing national health care systems in countries, that would possibly lead to certain degree of inequity in health at national level as an important consequence of health development progress. Originality/value - Knowledge and understanding gained from this paper might be useful in the efforts to develop and manage national health care systems to ensure a reasonable balance in health status of people of all groups.

Economic globalization has rapidly intensified the competition among businesses. Therefore, it is pivotal that SMEs follow competitive strategic positions and adopt strategic methods in order to confront the various challenges in this era. This study assessed the factors that determine the competitive strategic position of SMEs in the developing nations of Asia by considering the agro-based SMEs in Sri Lanka as a case study. By using primary data of 463 SMEs, the study estimated a binary logistic regression model to deal with the research subject. The findings revealed seven significant strategic variables: innovation in product and marketing, business exhibition in the local setting, gender, strategic market location, sustainable business practices, marketing efficiency, and business reputation and superior services. Moreover, the study identified and commented on seven insignificant variables: specialization in production, experience in the business field, experience in attending business exhibitions at overseas setting, credit market accessibility, provision of high-quality products, research and development, and strategic firm location, which are relevant in developed countries. Therefore, the government and policymakers must initiate measures to establish a more favorable business environment for SMEs to gain competitive advantage from these variables in the near future to permit an ameliorated and strong SME sector in Sri Lanka.

This article is mainly based on the most recent statistical data of the World Trade Organization and some aspects related to the evolution of world merchandise trade, in terms of volume and value, in 2015. The volume of world merchandise trade continued to grow slowly in 2015 while the dollar value of it declined sharply as exports fell 14 per cent to US$ 16 trillion, down from US$ 19 trillion in the previous year. It presents also the contribution of the volume change and of the change in unit values (which account for fluctuations in prices and exchange rates) to the value trade growth (in current dollar terms). The discrepancy between trade growth in 2015 in terms of volume and value was mostly attributable to swings in commodity prices and exchange rates The course of economic globalization is also shortly looked on based on some data and considerations of Credit Suisse analysts. Three different scenarios were taken into account in this respect. First one in which globalization continues in the form we know it over the past thirty years, second one in which a multipolar world is a better representation of the state of affairs and third, a scenario in which globalization ends due to the rise of anti-globalization political movements. The second scenario seems to provide a better reflection of reality today, despite the fact that a certain slowdown is observable when taking into account the diminishing growth rate of physical trade, the slower penetration of foreign assets of the developed market companies and signs of reshoring of some business back home. Globalization remains intact in terms of consumption and marketing patterns, while companies seem more reluctant to invest abroad.

The subject of research is global economic development and features of the regionalization processes of investment policy in the countries with market economy. The purpose of research is to study the current trends of global economic development and features of the regionalization processes of investment policy in the countries with market economy. Research methods. The methods of abstraction, analysis and synthesis, systematization and generalization were used for definition the conceptual apparatus and the content of the assessment, foundation criteria and indices, classification directions and methods of assessment. Methodology of scientific research is the main principles of the economic theory, world and regional economy in spere investment policy; the works of domestic and foreign scientists and practitioners in this field. The results of scientific research. In the context of the issue we have tried to show up the current trends of global economic development and features of the regionalization processes of investment policy in the countries with market economy. Practical implications. The results of this research can be applied in the study of issues of international and regional economy. Conclusions. Thus, we can assert that the basic projection for the global economy points to accelerate its growth, particularly in the countries with advanced economy. However, the projection can be unachieved, as a result of lowering its growth in recent years. This situation is also typical for the investments. Thus, despite the fact that global flows of foreign direct investment in recent years has increased, but this increase has not led to commensurate expansion of productive capacity in all countries. It is alarming the world’s needs for investments related to newly adopted Objectives of sustainable development and large-scale actions that are outlined in the Paris Agreement on Climate Change.

This paper presents an overview of foreign and domestic research to the approaches of employees assessment in terms of their competitiveness. Based on the experience of large industrial enterprises the dominant elements that form employee competitiveness were determined. A different methodology that takes into account the impact of economic globalization was given. Its validity is based on mathematical calculations and use of software.

There are similarities in views from economic researchers that globalization can have an impact on the behavior of domestic inflation. So that the characteristics of inflation which was initially only associated with domestic factors, became interesting to observe its relationship with economic globalization. Romer (1993) states that a more open country in the economy will have a lower inflation rate. This study aims to test the Romer hypothesis by analyzing the effect of the level of economic globalization on inflation in 102 countries during 1993 - 2013. The model specification test shows that the best method for this research data is the Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The results of the study concluded that there is a significant negative relationship between economic globalization and inflation

The place of Ukraine in the world rankings, the level of economic freedom in Ukraine and its impact on competitiveness are considered in the article. The analysis of tendencies of development of Ukraine in the international arena is carried and competitiveness of the national economy is defined. The indices of global competitiveness and economic freedom are investigated. The basic components of these ratings are analyzed and correlation between economic freedom of the country and its competitiveness is proved. The macroeconomic and institutional factors of Ukraine's competitiveness increase on the world stage are identified. It has been found out that reduction of the competitiveness of Ukraine in the international rankings is connected with the political instability and foreign aggression. Since military confrontation in the Donbas region lead to a steady decline in general economic indicators, destruction of infrastructure, lower production, it has a negative impact on future international competitiveness ranking of Ukraine.

The article considers tendencies and consequences of economic globalization performed mainly in the interests of Western countries. The realities of the contemporary world are hardly optimistic. At the beginning of the third millennium economic globalization leads the global community to a new state defined by a number of constructive and destructive processes. According to the authors, economic globalization not so much integrates the world as strengthens deep economic inequality of regions and countries. “New third world” is represented by the countries and territories where economic and sociocultural structures are fundamentally disrupted. Peculiarities of the development of this “new world” characterize almost all countries of the post-Soviet space. Sharp aggravation of the global competitiveness for the resources, markets, strategic transport communications actualize the problem related to ensuring the economic security of Russia. The article analyzes the twofold impact of economic globalization on national states with the domination of negative consequences for their economies that is a threat for the national security of these societies. The analysis of consequences of the world globalization for the developing countries allows to fix a new form of extremism – economic extremism. The article determines that basic threats of the economic security of Russia may include considerable dependence on the import of technologies and many kinds of consumer goods, turning the country into exclusively the exporter of natural resources, weakening of its positions on the markets of the CIS countries.