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Abstract Background Malaria is endemic to sub-Saharan African countries. Mass and routine distribution, promotion, and use of ITNs are critical components of malaria prevention programmes. Correct and consistent use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITN) is an effective strategy for malaria prevention. To extend bed-net lifespan, the World Health Organization recommends folding or tying up ITNs when they are not in use. This study analyses factors associated with net care practices in three African countries. Methods Researchers collected household data nationwide in Côte d’Ivoire, from the North and Far North regions of Cameroon, and from Port Loko and Bo districts in Sierra Leone, between 2018 and 2019. The dependent variable was respondents reporting that they fold or tie up their nets. The study adjusted for selected sociodemographic, ideational (psychosocial), and household variables using multilevel models. The analysis was limited to women of reproductive age and their male spouses/partners from households with at least one ITN: 2,940 respondents in Cameroon, 6,105 in Côte d’Ivoire, and 2,730 in Sierra Leone. Results Among respondents, 50.2% in Cameroon, 52.0% in Côte d’Ivoire and 75.6% in Sierra Leone reported folding or tying up their net when it was not in use. In all three countries, the data showed significant clustering at both household and community levels, indicating the influence of factors operating at these levels on net-care behaviour. The odds of reporting the behaviour varied significantly by geographic unit in each country. Consistent use of nets was strongly correlated with net-care behaviour. Furthermore, five ideational variables were positively associated with the outcome behaviour in all three countries: positive attitude towards net care, perceived susceptibility for malaria, response-efficacy of ITNs, perceived self-efficacy for net use, and the perception that net use was a community norm. Additional significant ideational variables included positive attitudes towards net use (Cameroon and Côte d’Ivoire), perceived severity of malaria (Côte d’Ivoire), and interpersonal communication about malaria (Côte d’Ivoire). Conclusions The study identified ideational variables associated with recommended net-care practice. Programme efforts designed to promote net-care practices and extend average lifespan of ITNs may be more effective if they emphasize positive attitudes towards net care, perceived susceptibility of malaria infection, response-efficacy of ITNs, perceived self-efficacy for net use, and promote net-care behaviour as a positive community norm.

CLes affections cardiaques dans leur ensemble sont la cause la plus fréquente de morbidité et de mortalité chez les patients insuffisants rénaux chroniques traités par dialyse. Les principales anomalies morphologiques des cardiomyopathies peuvent s'accompagner d'une altération de la fonction systolique ou diastolique avec comme conséquence clinique une insuffisance cardiaque, un trouble du rythme, voire la mort subite. L´objectif de cette étude était de déterminer la fréquence de la dysfonction diastolique chez les patients hémodialysés chroniques. Il s´agissait d´une étude transversale de type descriptif d´une durée de 4 mois allant du 1er Mai au 31 Août 2017. Cette étude a été réalisée au centre national d´hémodialyse de Donka (CNHD). Etaient inclus dans cette étude tout patient hémodialysé chronique ayant bénéficié d´une échographie Doppler cardiaque ayant mis en évidence une dysfonction diastolique du VG. La dysfonction diastolique du VG était retenue chez tous patient ayant un rapport E/A1, un rapport E/E´10 et une FEVG50% évaluée par la méthode Simpson biplan. Selon la classification de Redfield. Sur 87 patients ayant bénéficié de l´échographie Doppler cardiaque, 32 avaient une dysfonction diastolique soit 36,78%. L´âge moyen de nos patients était de 50,62±13,06 ans avec des extrêmes de 18 et 70 ans. La tranche d´âge la plus représentée était celle de 58-67 ans. La dysfonction diastolique du ventricule gauche était modérée chez 17 patients (53,13%), et moyenne chez 15 patients (46,87%). Il ressort clairement de cette étude que les néphropathies glomérulaires et interstitielles sont les plus fréquemment rencontrées et responsables d´une dysfonction diastolique de modérée à moyenne du VG. En Guinée, l´évaluation écho cardiographique chez les hémodialysés n´est pas un examen systématique à cause du coût. Cependant sa réalisation permet de classer les patients à haut risque de faire un œdème aigu du poumon ou de chute tensionnelle en cours de séances d´hémodialyse. Ut and paste your abstract here. Spell out Greek characters (i.e: alpha, beta).

Men in sub-Saharan Africa have lower rates of HIV testing and are less likely to initiate treatment compared to women. Service delivery dimensions are a key factor in facilitating engagement along the HIV treatment continuum for men and women, yet male specific overall perceptions of the service delivery environment have received little attention in West Africa. This study draws on qualitative data collected in Côte d'Ivoire to explore provider-level and structural factors affecting men's engagement in HIV testing and treatment through interviews and focus group discussions conducted with health workers and men living with HIV (some on ART) or whose HIV status was unknown. Factors influencing decisions to test or initiate treatment were considered in terms of perceived benefits and costs. Men described costs at the interpersonal (client-provider) level, such as unwanted disclosure or stigma, which were weighed against the potential for social support and clinical guidance. Likewise, fear of unwanted disclosure operated at the facility level, as the layout of facilities sometimes grouped clients living with HIV together. Notably, the benefits men described from engaging in HIV testing and care all operated at the interpersonal level and none at the facility level. In light of the fact that provider- and facility-level factors influenced the perceptions and experiences of men along the treatment continuum, we offer recommendations to reduce barriers to testing and engagement in care related to service delivery.

This qualitative research study explored the role of masculinity in men's engagement in the HIV care continuum in Côte d'Ivoire. The researchers conducted 73 in-depth interviews and 28 focus group discussions with 227 Ivoirian men between November and December 2016 across three urban sites. Participants in the study expressed that fear was the primary barrier to HIV testing and treatment. These men described five value domains-health, sexuality, work and financial success, family, and social status. Men saw HIV as a direct threat to their agency and strength with respect to each of these value domains, thus shedding light on their reluctance to discover their HIV status through HIV testing. With this data, the researchers created the Masculine Values Framework, a descriptive framework of masculine values that can be applied to better understand the behavior men exhibit in Côte d'Ivoire in the face of HIV. The Masculine Values Framework offers practical guidance for developing gender-sensitive HIV-focused social and behavior change programming in Côte d'Ivoire and similar contexts to reach the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets.

The identification and dissection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve is essential to guarantee its anatomical and functional integrity. The superior approach of the recurrent nerve is a reliable surgical alternative. Various indications are recognized with a reliable landmark. This is the entry point into the larynx under the inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage. The limits of this technique, namely, the extralaryngeal divisions and the hemorrhages encountered at the point of entry of the larynx are a source of morbidity of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. A careful dissection, respect for the surgical steps, and the surgeon's experience are guarantees of a good result. We wanted through a review of the literature and our experience in the superior approach to discuss surgical indications, to identify landmarks at the point of entry of the larynx, to determine the limits of this approach, and to take precautions to mitigate the risk of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury.

INTRODUCTION: les récents attentats suicides ont révélé un nouveau type d'afflux massif de blessés, unique en son genre, qui doivent être pris en charge au sein des formations hospitalièresMéthodes: nous rapportons l'expérience du CHU Gabriel Toure de Bamako et de l'hôpital N. Fomba de Ségou dans la gestion des secours médicaux aux victimes des attentats terroristes au Mali.Résultats: Soixante-quatre victimes des trois attentats ont été inclus dans notre étude parmi ceci 22 (34,4%) cas de décès constaté à l'arrivée. Les hommes avaient représenté 97% des victimes qui étaient de nationalité malienne dans 71% des cas. Dans 51% des cas il s'agissait de blessé grave avec des lésions prédominantes aux extrémités chez 35% d'entre eux. Aucune victime admise vivante n était décède au cours de la prise en charge hospitalière.Conclusion: pouvoir disposer de données précises sur les mécanismes et la gravité des lésions, une prise en charge médicale pré hospitalière permettront de diminuer la morbi-mortalité liée à ces catastrophes.

The impact of abiotic and biotic factors (rainfall, temperature, host plant and natural enemies) on population dynamics of the Plutella xylostella L. diamondback moth was investigated. The experiments were conducted during the rainy and dry seasons for two years (June 2009-April 2011) on unsprayed cabbage plots in Malika (Senegal). Every 10 days, 10 cabbages were randomly selected. Plutella xylostella larvae, pupae and parasitoid cocoons were recorded on each plant. Before each sampling, the diameters and ages of plants were recorded. Temperature and rainfall were also recorded during this study. Larvae and pupae of P. xylstella were higher for the dry season than the rainy season. There was a negative correlation between temperature and P. xylostella populations, and a strong relationship between P. xylostella populations and the age of cabbages. Females oviposited on young cabbages where the presence of young larvae was important, whereas older immature stages were mainly found in older cabbage plants. Parasitoid populations were higher for the dry season than the rainy season. High temperatures did not increase the pest populations and parasitism rate. There was no effect found on pest, plants and natural enemies due to rainfall. There was a positive correlation between pest populations and parasitism. Four Hymenoptera species were found: Oomyzus sokolowskii, Apanteles litae, Cotesia plutellae and Brachymeria citrae, but they were not efficient to control the P. xylostella populations. These results are important for understanding the factors that promote or inhibit pest populations and their natural enemies, and therefore essential for effective crop protection.

Objective. We report a case of cervical penetrating wound by posing the problem of its support and by analyzing the chain of survival of a patient to human sacrifice. Case Report. It was an 11-year-old boy admitted to the hosting service of cervical penetrating wound emergency occurring in a context of human sacrifice by weapon (knife). On admission, the conscious patient had a left cervical hematoma at the level of the cervical zone II and severe signs of acute anemia. The exploratory cervicotomy, carried out 12 hours after the trauma under transfusion, allowed us to highlight a section of the front edge of the sternocleidomastoid and previous jugular muscles under hyoid. We noted the presence of a linear wound of 1 cm at the level of the left internal jugular vein. The wound of the internal jugular vein has been repaired with the Prolene 4.O. The outcome was good, allowing the exit 10 days after cervicotomy. Conclusion. The causal circumstances of cervical penetrating wounds are diverse. Their importance or their severity depends on the causative circumstances dominated by aggression and attempts to autolysis. Human sacrifice, with use of the weapon, is an exceptional circumstance.