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This study presents a conceptual design of an Internet of Things (IoT) communication system for monitoring power generation systems in Colombian Non-Interconnected Zones (NIZs), which lack IoT connectivity due to complex geographical factors. The proposed system aims to ensure the proper operation and energy efficiency of off-grid systems while tracking the variables that influence their performance.The methods used in this study include identifying the needs of such a system, identifying requirements, obtaining technical specifications, and developing a conceptual design. The study also analyses and compares various technologies, including Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LoRa and ZigBee, to determine which ones are best suited for IoT system design.The conceptual design of the proposed IoT monitoring system considers the geographical, communication and coverage characteristics of the NIZs and the technical characteristics of the energy projects to provide a complete functional system that can connect approximately 2 million people located in these isolated and vulnerable zones. Finally, the defined system can serve as a precedent for building prototypes in various NIZs, and research on IoT technologies suitable for NIZs can help us seek the technologies that are most suitable for these areas. Depending on the application and conditions of the energy project, the most appropriate technology can be determined on a case-by-case basis.

This study reviews the available and most commonly used methods of gas deodorization. Comparing various methods of odor removal, undoubtedly biological methods of pollution degradation have an advantage over others—chemical and physical. This advantage is manifestedmainly in ecological and economic terms. The possibility of using biological methods to remove H2S and NH3, as the most common emitted by the municipal sector companies, was analyzed in terms of their removal efficiency. The method of bio-purification of air in biotrickling filters is more advantageous than the others, due to the high effectiveness of VOCs and odors degradation, lack of secondary pollutants, and economic aspects—it is a method competitive to the commonly used air purification method in biofilters.

The degradation of air quality, overheating and growing energy demand are closely related issues that indicate the impact of humankind on climate change. Consequently, governments and other multilateral agencies have shown interest in reducing air pollutant emissions from fossil fuel power generation sources. The most accepted options are related to clean energy sources, but, as we all know, we are far from meeting the world’s energy demand with clean generation sources. Other options are based on using fuels with a lower load of emissions and on the development of techniques to optimise power generation, reduce costs through efficient energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the possible minimum. This study proposes a method to optimise the sensitivity factors as the operating point for a gas turbine power generator based on energy demands, electrical efficiency, fuel efficiency and the minimisation of greenhouse gas emissions. In order to address this, a multidisciplinary design/assessment framework was developed. The results obtained from the simulation of a one-year energy consumption model for an average family in Colombia produced the point of operation for a gas turbine based on energy demands, efficient energy and the reduction of CO2 emissions to the atmosphere (i.e. the best trade-off). In this sense, the main contribution of this work is aimed at energy generation systems bio-inspired optimisation that reduce CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, especially in non-interconnected (off-grid) zones, but they rely on fossil fuel plant-based-power distributed generation.