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This visual essay explores the use of time thinking and drawing in the design process of the Ooijen-Wanssum floodplain widening project. Through a series of project sketches, final drawings and photos of the constructed project, the authors reveal the way in which time drawing has (often implicitly) given direction to the design process. The water calendar is introduced as a design tool that integrates time-dependent river dynamics into the design process and thereby informs spatial design choices that are considered in several design sketches. These design choices include interactions with dynamic processes such as erosion, vegetation dynamics and recreational use of the river landscape.

This visual essay explores the use of time thinking and drawing in the design process of the Ooijen-Wanssum floodplain widening project. Through a series of project sketches, final drawings and photos of the constructed project, the authors reveal the way in which time drawing has (often implicitly) given direction to the design process. The water calendar is introduced as a design tool that integrates time-dependent river dynamics into the design process and thereby informs spatial design choices that are considered in several design sketches. These design choices include interactions with dynamic processes such as erosion, vegetation dynamics and recreational use of the river landscape.

This paper discusses the influence of hand drawing techniques in my work for toy piano. It is known that composers often respond expressively to ideas and draw compositional strategies from other domains of life, for example, the mathematical proportions of architecture on some compositions of Guillame DuFay, Peter Maxwell Davies and Eve Duncan. For me, a chance comment from an artist friend, Deanna Petherbridge’s book, The Primacy of Drawing: Histories & Theories of Practice (2010) and Elizabeth Cooper’s botanical watercolours of the Australian rainforest tree Stenocarpus sinuatus (Firewheel Tree) offered ideas and techniques for several works for toy piano, and piano and toy piano (one player). While my musical response to hand drawing techniques is largely an expressive response, there is an element of trying to adapt the drawing techniques in a way similar to how artists use them, but in sound.

In this research, the effects of the opportunities and innovations offered by digital design technologies commonly used in the field of design on the creativity / originality, integration, conceptualization and application skills that constitute the performance of the designers were investigated. In the study, the effects of manual drawing (MD) and computer aided design (CAD) techniques used in the design process on the performance of designers in design studios affected by digital technology were examined. In the research questionnaire, there are 34 questions in total with three options to learn the effects of drawing techniques on design performance of design educators and students. The results obtained from the questionnaire show that when MD + CAD techniques are used together in design studios, students may have more positive effects on design performance.