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Abstract Background Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a common neurological diagnosis that encapsulates a range of incapacitating clinical presentations. These include functional seizures, movement disorders, and sensory disturbances. Safe driving requires both cognitive skills and physical abilities, which may be impacted by FND symptoms. The primary objective of this study was to gain deeper insights into the challenges faced by people with FND when driving. Methods A qualitative study and interpretative phenomenological analysis were conducted. Individuals experiencing functional seizures and/or movement disorders completed both questionnaires and semi‐structured interviews about FND symptoms, driving behavior, and crashes. Results A total of 26 patients with FND participated in this study. Based on the interviews, four key themes were identified: (1) driving difficulties experienced by individuals with FND; (2) strategies utilized by people with FND to overcome difficulties experienced while driving; (3) barriers preventing driving challenges being addressed in this population; and (4) crashes and perceived dangerous driving events experienced by individuals with FND. All participants reported that driving a car provoked FND symptoms and this affected their driving ability. FND sufferers reported using a number of strategies such as limiting how far they drive and relying on advanced driver assistance system features to help manage their associated symptoms, such as fatigue and/or pain. Several participants reported crashes and perceived dangerous driving events since developing FND. Conclusion Individuals experiencing FND often employ self‐regulation techniques, yet the extent to which these methods enhance driving safety remains uncertain. The variable nature of the disorder makes judging an individual's driving risk particularly difficult. The themes emerging from the interviews highlighted the need for further empirical research to inform guidelines and best practice when determining the impact of FND on an individual's driving safety .

Abstract Background This review of scholarly work in health care knowledge translation advances understanding of implementation components that support the complete and timely integration of new knowledge. We adopt a realist approach to investigate what is known from the current literature about the impact of, and the potential relationships between, context, complexity and implementation process. Methods Informed by two distinct pathways, knowledge utilization and knowledge translation, we utilize Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations theory (DOI) and Harvey and Kitson’s integrated- Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Service framework (PARIHS) to ground this review. Articles from 5 databases; Medline, Scopus, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and Google Scholar and a search of authors were retrieved. Themes and patterns related to these implementation components were extracted. Literature was selected for inclusion by consensus. Data extraction was iterative and was moderated by the authors. Results A total of 67 articles were included in the review. Context was a central component to implementation. It was not clear how and to what extent context impacted implementation. Complexity was found to be a characteristic of context, implementation process, innovations and a product of the relationship between these three elements. Social processes in particular were reported as influential however; descriptions of how these social process impact were limited. Multiple theoretical and operational models were found to ground implementation processes. We offer an emerging conceptual model to illustrate the key discoveries. Conclusions The review findings indicate there are dynamic relationship between context, complexity and implementation process for enhancing uptake of evidence-based knowledge in hospital settings. These are represented in a conceptual model. Limited empiric evidence was found to explain the nature of the relationships.

Abstract Background Randomized controlled trials of prenatal omega (ω-3) long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) supplementation are suggestive of some protective effects on allergic sensitization and symptoms of allergic disease in childhood. Due to the nature of the atopic march, investigation of any effects of this prenatal intervention may be most informative when consistently assessed longitudinally during childhood. Methods Follow-up of children (n = 706) with familial risk of allergy from the Docosahexaenoic Acid to Optimize Mother Infant Outcome (DOMInO) trial. The intervention group received fish oil capsules (900 mg of ω-3 LCPUFA) daily from

El propósito del estudio fue diagnosticar las expectativas, prioridades laborales y potencial directivo de un grupo de estudiantes de primer año de la carrera de Licenciatura en Turismo de la Universidad de Camagüey Ignacio Agramonte Loynaz, Cuba. Además, se establecieron grupos focales de desarrollo. Fueron aplicados dos cuestionarios y analizados los datos con el paquete estadístico Statgraphics Centurion VXI y sus técnicas de análisis descriptivo. Fue posible identificar que en todos los estudiantes las expectativas laborales son inferiores al potencial directivo. Los principales aspectos en los que debe influirse son: las habilidades comunicativas, la profesionalidad, la vocación de directivo, el interés y dinamismo, la autoactualización, las relaciones con personas y la creatividad laboral. Son propuestos tres grupos de trabajo con 24; 21 y 5 individuos de acuerdo a las características expresadas en los tests. A partir de herramientas gráficas se muestran las posiciones relativas de los grupos y los individuos, lo que junto a la información que les da origen será relevante para plantear una futura etapa de investigación donde se diseñen y evalúen programas complementarios a la formación de pregrado.

El propósito del estudio fue diagnosticar las expectativas, prioridades laborales y potencial directivo de un grupo de estudiantes de primer año de la carrera de Licenciatura en Turismo de la Universidad de Camagüey Ignacio Agramonte Loynaz, Cuba. Además, se establecieron grupos focales de desarrollo. Fueron aplicados dos cuestionarios y analizados los datos con el paquete estadístico Statgraphics Centurion VXI y sus técnicas de análisis descriptivo. Fue posible identificar que en todos los estudiantes las expectativas laborales son inferiores al potencial directivo. Los principales aspectos en los que debe influirse son: las habilidades comunicativas, la profesionalidad, la vocación de directivo, el interés y dinamismo, la autoactualización, las relaciones con personas y la creatividad laboral. Son propuestos tres grupos de trabajo con 24; 21 y 5 individuos de acuerdo a las características expresadas en los tests. A partir de herramientas gráficas se muestran las posiciones relativas de los grupos y los individuos, lo que junto a la información que les da origen será relevante para plantear una futura etapa de investigación donde se diseñen y evalúen programas complementarios a la formación de pregrado.

Given the range and complexity of pressures on food systems across the globe, we suggest that future research on sustainable food systems can be clustered under three broad topics: the need for integration across multiple jurisdictions, sectors, and disciplines that includes different models of food systems and community visions of an integrated food system; the need for focus on tensions and compromises related to increased numbers and reach of sustainable food systems by scaling out and up; and the need for appropriate governance structures and institutions. Comparative research that works directly with community-based organizations to co-create and apply shared research tools and then engage in common assessment projects offers ways to develop more connected scholarship. More extensive work using concept maps, participatory action research, life-cycle analysis, and urban/rural metabolic flows may help to develop, animate, and answer future research questions in more integrated ways, and will build on opportunities emerging from more inclusive, connected, and multidisciplinary approaches. Work in Ontario helps to illustrate research exploring the three themes through embedded connections to communities of food in the ongoing research project Nourishing Communities.1 1 http://nourishingcommunities.ca

The aragonite shell-bearing thecosome pteropods are an important component of the oceanic plankton. However, with increasing pCO2 and the associated reduction in oceanic pH (ocean acidification), thecosome pteropods are thought to be particularly vulnerable to shell dissolution. The distribution and preservation of pteropods over the last 250 000 years have been investigated in marine sediment cores from the Caribbean Sea close to the island of Montserrat. Using the Limacina Dissolution Index (LDX), fluctuations in pteropod calcification through the most recent glacial/interglacial cycles are documented. By comparison to the oxygen isotope record (global ice volume), we show that pteropod calcification is closely linked to global changes in pCO2 and pH and is, therefore, a global signal. These data are in agreement with the findings of experiments upon living pteropods, which show that variations in pH can greatly affect aragonitic shells. The results of this study provide information which may be useful in the prediction of future changes to the pteropod assemblage caused by ocean acidification.

A prototype chicken semen diluent formulation has been developed based on the results of preliminary experiments. Preliminary experiments indicated the substitution of glutamate for the acetate and phosphate generally present in chicken semen diluents improved post-insemination fertility levels obtained from chicken semen following 24-96 hours of in vitro storage. Additional preliminary experiments indicated potassium could be substituted for the sodium generally contained in chicken semen diluents without affecting post-insemination fertility levels. The dual biological buffers, BES and BIS-TRIS, that replace the single biological buffer sometimes contained in chicken semen diluents have opposing effects on the diluent’s pH and permit adjustment of the prototype diluent’s pH to a range of values without altering either its osmolarity or chemical composition. Semen collected from males of the Minnesota Dominant Marker Line was diluted 1:1 in the prototype diluent and stored in vitro for 96 hours at 4°C. Groups of twenty-four hens were inseminated with the stored semen samples. Osmolarities from 265-339 mOsm did not affect post-insemination fertility levels obtained from semen stored in the prototype diluent. The proportion of fertile eggs obtained post insemination from semen stored in the prototype diluent was significantly greater than that obtained from chicken semen stored in BPSE-l in the Chi-square test. Further investigations are necessary to determine the basis for the superiority of the newly-developed poultry semen diluent formulation to BPSE-I.