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ABSTRACT The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others.

Resumo Fundamento Não existem estudos randomizados comparando a manutenção do ritmo sinusal após ablação por cateter (AC) em relação ao tratamento com fármacos antiarrítmicos (AA) em pacientes idosos portadores fibrilação atrial (FA) paroxística. Objetivos Comparar os resultados clínicos do isolamento das veias pulmonares (VPs) com o cateter PVAC Gold de segunda geração com o uso de AA em idosos com FA paroxística sintomática, recorrente, apesar do uso de fármacos AA. Métodos Sessenta pacientes com FA paroxística ≥ 65 anos e sem cardiopatias estruturais foram randomizados para duas formas de tratamento: grupo 1: AC e grupo 2: AA. O desfecho primário foi a taxa livre de recorrência de FA após pelo menos um ano de seguimento. Os desfechos secundários foram: progressão para formas persistentes de FA, impacto na qualidade de vida (QVFA) e complicações. O nível de significância adotado na análise estatística foi de 5% (p

Abstract The disease coronavirus COVID-19 has been the cause of millions of deaths worldwide. Among the proteins of SARS-CoV-2, non-structural protein 12 (NSP12) plays a key role during COVID infection and is part of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex. The monitoring of NSP12 polymorphisms is extremely important for the design of new antiviral drugs and monitoring of viral evolution. This study analyzed the NSP12 mutations detected in circulating SARS-CoV-2 during the years 2020 to 2022 in the population of the city of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. The most frequent mutations found were P323L and G671S. Reports in the literature indicate that these mutations are related to transmissibility efficiency, which may have contributed to the extremely high numbers of cases in this location. In addition, two mutations described here (E796D and R914K) are close and have RMSD that is similar to the mutations M794V and N911K, which have been described in the literature as influential on the performance of the NSP12 enzyme. These data demonstrate the need to monitor the emergence of new mutations in NSP12 in order to better understand their consequences for the treatments currently used and in the design of new drugs.

Abstract Latin American and the Caribbean regions (LAC) harbor one of the most biodiverse areas of the world, the Neotropics. True bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) are a diverse lineage of insects, with more than 45,000 species, particularly speciose in the Neotropical region. True bugs are fundamental in the dynamics of natural and modified ecosystems, with several species critical to agriculture and public health. We compiled Heteroptera research in LAC from 1998–2022 using bibliographic databases. Productivity, collaborative networks, and the main topics studied were analyzed. A total of 1,651 Heteroptera studies from LAC were found, with continuous growth being 2021 the most prolific. Four categories (Taxonomy of extant species, Faunistic inventories and new records, Pest species biology, and Community ecology) represent most of the published research. About 60 percent of the records evaluated correspond to five families (Pentatomidae, Reduviidae, Coreidae, Miridae, and Rhyparochromidae). We emphasize the need to keep working on Heteroptera taxonomy because it will allow further advances in other areas such as phylogenetic analyses, biogeography, ecology, and natural history, among others. The results of our analyses characterize the current state of heteropterology in the region, establishing a baseline for future studies and efforts to broaden the knowledge of the group.

Abstract The formation of our Solar System and planetary defense strategies are among the priorities to be investigated in the next years by the space science community. As in-situ missions to small bodies (as comets and asteroids) are options to conduct these investigations, this paper proposes a combination of methodologies to produce low-cost transfers to near-earth asteroids (NEAs). Low-cost trajectories derived from retrograde periodic orbits around $${L}_{1}$$ L 1 are taken as a starting point for the escape of the Earth-Moon system and, as the vehicle exits the sphere of influence of Earth, the deployment of an adjustable solar sail guarantees the interception of the target in a predetermined position and time of flight. Different sail loadings (164, 61 and 30 g/m2) are tested and a case study to the NEA 65,803 Didymos is presented. The results show economies in the velocity increments required by the mission up to 8.48%, although a longer time of flight might be needed depending on the sail loading.

We carried out fully atomistic reactive molecular dynamics simulations to study the mechanical behavior of six newly proposed hybrid schwarzite-based structures (interlocked petal-schwarzites). Schwarzites are carbon crystalline nanostructures with negative Gaussian curvature created by mapping a TPMS (Triply Periodic Minimal Surface) with carbon rings containing six to eight atoms. Our simulations have shown that petal-schwarzite structures can withstand uni-axial compressive stress up to the order of GPa and can be compressed past 50 percent strain without structural collapse. Our most resistant hierarchical structure has a calculated compressive strength of 260 GPa and specific energy absorption (SEA) of 45.95 MJ/kg, while possessing a mass density of only 685 kg/m3. These results show that these structures could be excellent lightweight materials for applications that require mechanical energy absorption.

In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of insecticides sprayed by contact as well as seeds treatment for controlling the burrower bug Cyrtomenus mirabilis (Perti, 1830) (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) under laboratory conditions. In the first experiment, the insecticides were sprayed onto the insects (direct contact). Insect mortality evaluation started 24h after insecticide application and repeated every two days up to 20 days. In the second experiment, peanut seeds were treated with insecticides. The mortality of insects was evaluated at 10, 15, and 20 days after installation. The mixture of fipronil and alpha-cypermethrin in direct contact was the most efficient treatment to control nymphs and adults of C. mirabilis. Regarding the seed treatment, fipronil was the most efficient for controlling adults of C. mirabilis while for nymphs, all insecticides were highly effective.

Abstract Additive manufacturing allows to produce parts with complex geometries is an essential tool in materials science. Schwarzites is a class of carbon allotropes with interesting mechanical properties. However, most of the schwarzite studies are theoretical until now because the synthesis of large schwarzite fragments remains elusive. In this work, we have carried out molecular dynamics simulations, and extensive experimental tests of 3D printed schwarzites to study their mechanical behavior. Our results show that this behavior does not strongly depend on printed used material, model size, or the number of structural unit cells. We also observed a strong correlation between the stress‐strain curves of 3D printed and the ones obtained from fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Both results show the same trends for almost all investigated schwarzites, suggesting that topological features and scale‐size invariant dominate some deformation mechanisms. Our results further validate the use of atomic models of materials with complex geometries that are impractical or very difficult to synthesize, translated into macro models that can be 3D printed, and offer an innovative engineered approach to produce new materials with tunable mechanical behavior.

Background: Postoperative pulmonary complications are the main cause of morbidity and mortality after pulmonary resection. This study was undertaken to determine the risk factors associated with postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) and length of hospital stay (LOS) in pulmonary resection patients in a tertiary teaching hospital in Brazil. Methods: A retrospective data gathering from 196 patients who underwent pulmonary resection between 2012 and 2016 was conducted. Demographic and hospital admission data were collected from patients with complete medical records. Univariate analysis was performed, followed by Poisson’s regression for predicting the prevalence of postoperative pulmonary complications and length of hospital stay. Results: Thirty-nine patients (20%) displayed pulmonary complications in the postoperative period. The risk factors associated with an increased prevalence of postoperative pulmonary complications in a multivariate analysis were: American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA) ≥ 3 (PR 4.77, p = 0.03, 95% CI: 1.17 to 19.46), predicted diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide – corrected single breath (PR 0.98, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.96 to 0.99) and age of the patient (PR 1.04; p = 0.01; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.06). Those associated with an increased prevalence of prolonged hospital stay were: duration of surgical procedure longer than five hours (PR 6.94, p = 0.01, 95% CI: 1.66 to 12.23), male sex (PR 5.72, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.87 to 9.58), and presence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PR 11.92, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 7.42 to 16.42). Conclusions: The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications in the study population is in line with the world average. Recognizing risk factors for the development of PPCs may help optimize allocation resources and preventive efforts.

The green belly stink bug, Diceraeus furcatus (Fabricius, 1775) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) is an emergent Neotropical crop pest, whose status has progressively changed in the last few years. Diceraeus furcatus is a polyphagous stink bug and its feeding behavior damages corn seedlings, wheat and oat spikes, and soybean pods, causing economic losses. Establishing stock populations of D. furcatus is difficult, and a suitable rearing method is lacking. The establishment of stock colonies is essential to study many aspects of a species, especially economically important ones. In this paper, a method to keep viable stock populations of D. furcatus in the laboratory is described. The periodic asepsis of cages (48 hours), periodical change of diet (48 hours), and mixed diet consisting of bean pods plus peanut and soybean grains, allowed us to obtain adequate biological parameters and population increase of this species. Fertility (251 eggs/female), fecundity (225.91 nymphs/female), and R0 (43 times of increase) show a consistent increase in the population. Additionally, adult survivorship/longevity and weight support the suitability of the method applied. The establishment of stock populations is the first step for a mass-rearing method that is essential to the development of biological control programs and other studies on this emergent pest.

High case counts after the Gamma (P. 1) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 emerged in Brazil raised concerns that previously infected persons might become reinfected. Investigation of a cluster of coronavirus disease cases in Parintins, in the Brazilian Amazon, suggested household transmission but did not identify high rates of reinfection.

This paper presents a compact solution for impedance calculation obtained from low phase resolution stationary wave measurements, for RF power systems operating in load varying scenarios. The implemented system is based on a bi-directional coupler and makes use of the stationary wave periodicity, which is synthesized and measured via a digital phase shifter, a power combiner, and an envelope detector, in a specific arrangement. Instead of sampling a transmission line at various spatial points (sampled line architectures), both incident and reflected waves are sampled at one specific position, the stationary wave is obtained by sweeping the incident or reflected waves' phase, mimicking the slotted line principle and, from there, the impedance is obtained using a new signal processing algorithm that is now presented. Taking advantage of the developed technique, this can be done for only three phase shifter states, making the measurement fast and accurate. This compact measurement solution can compute the impedance of both real and complex loads inside a 2.1 voltage standing wave ratio circle with high accuracy (-28.8 dB) at a rate of 1 kHz and is appropriate for high power systems due to its simple architecture and very low total losses (0.075 dB).

In Fifth Generation (5G) Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) transceivers, Power Amplifiers (PAs) driving antenna arrays experience varying loading conditions. In fact, the input impedance of each antenna element changes within a Smith chart region, a phenomenon attributed to mutual coupling, which will affect PA behavior. Although PA performance is load dependent, its output power and drain efficiency contours are nearly constant along specific straight lines in the Smith chart, a characteristic that can be exploited to improve PA performance in variable load scenarios. This work presents a compression network, featuring switch-based variable length stubs, capable of transforming any load within a 2.1 Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) circle into a purely resistive load. This network was designed, implemented, measured and used in the Output Matching Network (OMN) of two Class E PAs being able to compensate the output power variation of the first PA and the efficiency degradation of the second PA under the defined load variation. The innovation of this network is the capability to reduce output power or efficiency load sensibility, which is very much desired in many applications, by using an easily implementable and low loss (0.3dB-0.5dB) network. By properly adjusting the distance between stubs and switches it is also able to transform slightly different load patterns into other optimal lines or curves.

To present a set of trajectories derived from the retrograde periodic orbits around the Lagrangian equilibrium point L1, this paper considers the Circular Restricted Three-body Problem with Earth-Moon masses (CR3BP), the Restricted Bicircular, and Full Four-Body Sun-Earth-Moon-spacecraft Problems (BCR4BP and FR4BP, respectively). These periodic orbits are predicted by the dynamics of the CR3BP. To generate the trajectories of this set, first, slightly different increments of velocity (∆Vs) from those needed to generate periodic orbits around L1 are applied to a spacecraft in circular low Earth orbits in the same direction of their motion when the Earth, the spacecraft, and the Moon are aligned in this order. Thus, translunar trajectories derived from the periodic orbits are obtained and they will lead the spacecraft to the vicinity of the Moon. Depending on the values of the |∆Vs|, which are also functions of the relative positioning between the Sun, the Earth, and the Moon, three types of trajectories of interest are found: Collision with the Moon, escape, and geocentric orbits with large semi-major axes. For a well-defined interval of the |∆Vs|, the trajectories accomplish swing-bys with the Moon and obtain energy to escape from the Earth–Moon system and reach Near-Earth Asteroids (NEAs) between the orbits of Venus and Mars. This procedure reduces the costs of inserting spacecraft into transfer trajectories to a set of NEAs in terms of the required |∆V| by up to 5% when compared to Lambert’s problem, for example. This work also presents analyses of examples of transfers to the NEAs 3361 Orpheus, 99942 Apophis, and 65803 Didymos, from 2025 on.

Background and objective: There are few data defining the period of time in which preoperative tests can be considered valid. The purpose of this study was to determine the likelihood of changes in the results of preoperative tests previously normal in relation to time, and the impact of these changes on postoperative outcomes. Methods: A total of 970 patients with normal preoperative tests before the first surgery and who required a new intervention were included. The preoperative tests performed for the first procedure were compared with those performed for the second procedure. The following variables were assessed regarding their potential to induce changes in test results: sex, age, surgical risk, previous chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and presence of comorbidities. In-hospital outcomes were analyzed. Results: The median time between procedures was 27 months (6–84). The probability of change in at least one of the preoperative exams was 1.7% (95% CI: 0.5–2.9), 3.6% (95% CI: 1.8–5.4), and 6.4% (95% CI: 3.9–8.9) during the 12, 24, and 36-month intervals, respectively, for patients aged

Background: Ventricular and supraventricular premature complexes (PC) are frequent and usually symptomatic. According to a previous study, magnesium pidolate (MgP) administration to symptomatic patients can improve the PC density and symptoms. Objective: To assess the late follow-up of that clinical intervention in patients treated with MgP or placebo. Methods: In the first phase of the study, 90 symptomatic and consecutive patients with PC were randomized (double-blind) to receive either MgP or placebo for 30 days. Monthly follow-up visits were conducted for 15 months to assess symptoms and control electrolytes. 24-hour Holter was performed twice, regardless of symptoms, or whenever symptoms were present. In the second phase of the study, relapsing patients, who had received MgP or placebo (crossing-over) in the first phase, were treated with MgP according to the same protocol. Results: Of the 45 patients initially treated with MgP, 17 (37.8%) relapsed during the 15-month follow-up, and the relapse time varied. Relapsing patients treated again had a statistically significant reduction in the PC density of 138.25/hour (p < 0.001). The crossing-over patients reduced it by 247/hour (p < 0.001). Patients who did not relapse, had a low PC frequency (3 PC/hour). Retreated patients had a 76.5% improvement in symptom, and crossing-over patients, 71.4%. Conclusion: Some patients on MgP had relapse of symptoms and PC, indicating that MgP is neither a definitive nor a curative treatment for late follow-up. However, improvement in the PC frequency and symptoms was observed in the second phase of treatment, similar to the response in the first phase of treatment.

BackgroundThe impact of acute stent malapposition (ASM) on long‐term clinical outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention is still controversial. We sought to evaluate predictors and long‐term clinical outcomes of ASM. Methods and ResultsADAPT‐DES (Assessment of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Drug‐Eluting Stents) was a prospective multicenter study of 8663 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention using drug‐eluting stents. In a prespecified intravascular ultrasound–guided substudy, 2072 patients with 2446 culprit lesions had post–percutaneous coronary intervention intravascular ultrasound and were classified according to the presence or absence of ASM. After intravascular ultrasound–guided percutaneous coronary intervention, the overall prevalence of ASM after successful drug‐eluting stents implantation was 14.4% per patient and 12.6% per lesion. Compared to lesions without ASM, lesions with ASM had larger in‐stent lumen areas, larger stent areas, and larger in‐stent vessel areas. A larger mean plaque area along with more attenuated plaque was observed in lesions with ASM versus lesions without ASM. Lesions with ASM had greater proximal and distal reference lumen areas and more distal, but not proximal, reference calcium compared to lesions without ASM. At 2‐year follow‐up, there was no significant difference in the incidence of cardiac death; myocardial infarction; early, late, or very late stent thrombosis; or clinically driven target lesion revascularization in patients with ASM versus those without ASM. Furthermore, ASM was not an independent predictor of 2‐year major adverse cardiac events or target lesion revascularization even when forced into the multivariate model. ConclusionsIn patients treated with intravascular ultrasound–guided drug‐eluting stents implantation, ASM was not associated with adverse clinical events during long‐term follow‐up including, but not limited to, stent thrombosis. Clinical Trial RegistrationURL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00638794.

Recently, biomimetic brick and mortar composites (B/M) are gathering great attention due to their outstanding properties. The use of graphene as bricks is expected to achieve good mechanical performances combined with remarkable thermal diffusivity making them optimal candidates for heat spread applications. Macroscopic composites (1 mm thick) have been manufactured at different filler content (up to 100% vol%) and their morphology have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Bending test have been carried out on samples for measuring the effect of the polymer amount on the composite. The thermal diffusivity has been investigated, both in plane and cross plane, by light flash analysis (LFA). Coupons showed a well aligned inner structure at each resin content, however the effective performances depends on the capability of stress transfer.

FUNDAMENTO: As extrassístoles ventriculares e supraventriculares (EV e ESSV) são frequentes e muitas vezes sintomáticas. O íon magnésio (Mg) desempenha um papel importante na fisiologia do potencial de ação transmembrana celular e do ritmo cardíaco. OBJETIVO: Avaliar se a administração do pidolato de magnésio (PMg) em pacientes com EV e ESSV tem desempenho superior ao uso do placebo (P) na melhora dos sintomas e densidade das extrassístoles (DES). MÉTODOS: Estudo duplo-cego, randomizado, com 60 pacientes sintomáticos consecutivos, com mais de 240/EV ou ESSV ao Holter de 24 horas e selecionados para receber P ou PMg. Para avaliar a melhora da sintomatologia, foi feito um questionário categórico e específico de sintomas relacionados às extrassístoles. Após o tratamento, foi considerada significante uma redução de mais de 70% na DES por hora. A dose do PMg foi de 3,0 g/dia por 30 dias, equivalente a 260 mg do elemento Mg. Nenhum paciente tinha cardiopatia estrutural ou insuficiência renal. RESULTADOS: Dos 60 pacientes estudados, 33 eram do sexo feminino (55%). A faixa etária variou de 16 a 70 anos. No grupo PMg, 76,6% dos pacientes tiveram redução maior que 70%, 10% deles maior que 50% e somente 13,4% tiveram redução menor que 50% na DES. No grupo P, 40% dos pacientes tiveram melhora de apenas 30% na frequência de extrassístoles (p < 0,001). A melhora dos sintomas foi alcançada em 93,3% dos pacientes do grupo PMg, comparada com somente 16,7% do grupo P (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A suplementação de Mg via oral reduziu a DES, resultando em melhora dos sintomas.BACKGROUND: Premature ventricular and supraventricular complexes (PVC and PsVC) are frequent and often symptomatic. The magnesium (Mg) ion plays a role in the physiology of cell membranes and cardiac rhythm. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated whether the administration of Mg Pidolate (MgP) in patients with PVC and PsVC is superior to placebo (P) in improving symptoms and arrhythmia frequency. METHODS: Randomized double-blind study with 60 consecutive symptomatic patients with more than 240 PVC or PsVC on 24-hour Holter monitoring who were selected to receive placebo or MgP. To evaluate symptom improvement, a categorical and a specific questionnaire for symptoms related to PVC and PsVC was made. Improvement in premature complex density (PCD) per hour was considered significant if percentage reduction was >70% after treatment. The dose of MgP was 3.0 g/day for 30 days, equivalent to 260mg of Mg element. None of the patients had structural heart disease or renal failure. RESULTS: Of the 60 patients, 33 were female (55%). Ages ranged from 16 to 70 years old. In the MgP group, 76.6% of patients had a PCD reduction >70%, 10% of them >50% and only 13.4%

FUNDAMENTO: As extrassístoles ventriculares e supraventriculares (EV e ESSV) são frequentes e muitas vezes sintomáticas. O íon magnésio (Mg) desempenha um papel importante na fisiologia do potencial de ação transmembrana celular e do ritmo cardíaco. OBJETIVO: Avaliar se a administração do pidolato de magnésio (PMg) em pacientes com EV e ESSV tem desempenho superior ao uso do placebo (P) na melhora dos sintomas e densidade das extrassístoles (DES). MÉTODOS: Estudo duplo-cego, randomizado, com 60 pacientes sintomáticos consecutivos, com mais de 240/EV ou ESSV ao Holter de 24 horas e selecionados para receber P ou PMg. Para avaliar a melhora da sintomatologia, foi feito um questionário categórico e específico de sintomas relacionados às extrassístoles. Após o tratamento, foi considerada significante uma redução de mais de 70% na DES por hora. A dose do PMg foi de 3,0 g/dia por 30 dias, equivalente a 260 mg do elemento Mg. Nenhum paciente tinha cardiopatia estrutural ou insuficiência renal. RESULTADOS: Dos 60 pacientes estudados, 33 eram do sexo feminino (55%). A faixa etária variou de 16 a 70 anos. No grupo PMg, 76,6% dos pacientes tiveram redução maior que 70%, 10% deles maior que 50% e somente 13,4% tiveram redução menor que 50% na DES. No grupo P, 40% dos pacientes tiveram melhora de apenas 30% na frequência de extrassístoles (p < 0,001). A melhora dos sintomas foi alcançada em 93,3% dos pacientes do grupo PMg, comparada com somente 16,7% do grupo P (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A suplementação de Mg via oral reduziu a DES, resultando em melhora dos sintomas.

This work describes an efficient micropropagation protocol for Verbena litoralis and the study of the antinociceptive and antioxidant activities in extracts of this species. For the establishment in vitro, surface-sterilization procedures and PVPP showed high efficiency in fungal-bacterial contamination and phenol oxidation controls. Nodal segments cultivation in MS medium supplemented with 6-benzyladenine (7.5 µM)/α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA; 0.005 µM) induced multiple shoots. Elongated shoots were rooted with IAA (0.2 µM). Acclimatization rates were elevated and the plants showed the typical features of this species. The hexanic fraction (HF) of powdered leaves presented a radical scavenging activity with IC50 = 169.3 µg mL-1. HF showed a non-dose dependent analgesic activity in the writhing test; its antinociceptive activity in the hot plate test was restricted to 500 mg kg-1, which is the highest dose. The results of this study showed the potential of tissue culture on conservation and large scale multiplication and confirmed the traditional folk medicine use of V. litoralis.Este trabalho descreve um protocolo eficiente de micropropagação para Verbena litoralis e estuda as atividades antinociceptiva e antioxidante de extratos desta espécie. Para o estabelecimento in vitro, os procedimentos de desinfecção e o PVPP mostraram alta eficiência no controle da contaminação por fungos e bactérias e da oxidação fenólica. O cultivo de segmentos nodais em meio MS suplementado com 6-benziladenina (7,5 µM) e ácido α-naftalenoacético (ANA; 0,005 µM) induziu múltiplos brotos. Brotos alongados foram enraizados com AIA (0,2 µM). As taxas de aclimatização foram elevadas e as plantas apresentaram características típicas da espécie. A fração hexânica (FH) de folhas trituradas apresentou atividade sequestradora de radicais livres com IC50 = 169,3 µg mL-1. A FH mostrou atividade analgésica não dose-dependente no teste das contorções abdominais; sua atividade antinociceptiva no teste de placa quente foi restrita a 500 mg kg-1, a dose mais elevada. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram o potencial da cultura de tecidos na conservação e multiplicação em larga escala de V. litoralis e confirmaram o uso tradicional dessa planta na medicina popular.

We describe paternal care in two pentatomid bugs, Lopadusa (Lopadusa) augur Stål, 1860 and Edessa nigropunctata Berg, 1884. Field and laboratory observations showed that males remain with their eggs and early hatched nymphs, while females abandon the eggs after oviposition. Guarding males defensive behaviors towards their clutches were similar to those described for guarding females of pentatomids. Since there is no detailed information on the internal phylogeny of Pentatomidae, it is not possible to make a robust inference on whether paternal care in L. augur and E. nigropunctata has arisen independently or not. If the latter, the two new cases of paternal care we describe here represent the fifth event of independent evolution of this rare behavioral trait in Heteroptera.

Adultos de Chinavia pengue (Rolston, 1983) foram coletados em Garopaba, SC, e criados em laboratório sob condições controladas (24 ± 1°C; UR 70 ± 10%; 12hL:12hE). Como alimento, adultos e ninfas receberam vagens verdes de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Os ovos de C. pengue seguem o padrão de coloração e esculturação do cório e coloração e forma dos processos aero-micropilares descrito para as espécies neotropicais de Chinavia. Ninfas de 1º instar possuem uma mancha ovalada no dorso da cabeça e tórax, característica das espécies de Chinavia. Em C. pengue, essa mancha tem coloração laranja-avermelhada, e as manchas abdominais (4+4 manchas laterais e uma mediana) são brancas. Características exclusivas das ninfas de 2º a 5º ínstares de C. pengue são a coloração laranja-avermelhada das manchas do pro- e mesotórax e das manchas circulares no centro das placas abdominais laterais. Não se observou sobreposição nas medidas da largura da cabeça entre os cinco ínstares. Cada fêmea depositou 15,9 ± 4,18 posturas e 218,8 ± 48,60 ovos, sendo 14 ovos/postura o arranjo mais freqüente. A fertilidade foi de 70,0% ± 19,01; a mortalidade no 2º ao 5º estádio foi de 1,6% ± 4,49. A razão sexual obtida foi de 1 macho: 1 fêmea. A duração da fase imatura (ovo a adulto) foi de 45,7 ± 2,99 dias.Adults of Chinavia pengue (Rolston, 1983) were collected in Garopaba county, SC, and used to establish a laboratory culture under controlled conditions (24 ± 1°C; 70 ± 10% RH; 12hL:12hD). Adults and nymphs were fed with green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Eggs of C. pengue follow the pattern of coloration, chorion sculpture, color and shape of the aero-micropylar processes described to other neotropical Chinavia species. The first instar has the dorsal macula of the head and thorax characteristic of Chinavia species. In C. pengue, this macula is orange-red, and the abdominal maculae (4+4 lateral maculae and one median) are white. From second to fifth instars diagnostic characteristics are orange-red maculae at pro and mesothorax, and at middle of abdominal lateral plates. There was no overlapping of the head-capsule measurements between the five instars of C. pengue. Each female laid an average of 15.9 ± 4.18 egg masses and 218.8 ± 48.60 eggs; there was a marked peak at 14 eggs per egg mass. Mean egg fertility was 70.0% ± 19.01; mortality in the second to fifth stadium was 1.6% ± 4.49. Sex ratio was 1 male: 1 female. The mean duration of the immature stage (egg to adult) was 45.7 ± 2.99 days.

Seis novas espécies de Chinavia Orian, 1965 são descritas: Chinavia vanduzeei sp. nov., do Peru (Madre Dios) e Brasil (Pará); Chinavia schuhi sp. nov., do Peru (Loreto), Colombia (Bolívar) e Brazil (Amazonas); Chinavia sebastiaoi sp. nov., do Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul), Bolivia (La Paz e Santa Cruz) e Paraguai (Carumbé); Chinavia cearensis sp. nov., Chinavia tuiucauna e Chinavia rufitibia sp. nov., do Brasil (Ceará, Bahia e Paraná, respectivamente). São fornecidas características diagnósticas de cada espécie.Six new species of Chinavia Orian, 1965 are described: Chinavia vanduzeei sp. nov., from Peru (Madre Dios) and Brazil (Pará); Chinavia schuhi sp. nov., from Peru (Loreto), Colombia (Bolívar) and Brazil (Amazonas); Chinavia sebastiaoi sp. nov., from Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul), Bolivia (La Paz and Santa Cruz) and Paraguai (Carumbé); Chinavia cearensis sp. nov., Chinavia tuiucauna sp. nov., and Chinavia rufitibia sp. nov., from Brazil (Ceará, Bahia and Paraná, respectively). Diagnoses to each species are given.

Abstract Background and objective: There are few data defining the period of time in which preoperative tests can be considered valid. The purpose of this study was to determine the likelihood of changes in the results of preoperative tests previously normal in relation to time, and the impact of these changes on postoperative outcomes. Methods: A total of 970 patients with normal preoperative tests before the first surgery and who required a new intervention were included. The preoperative tests performed for the first procedure were compared with those performed for the second procedure. The following variables were assessed regarding their potential to induce changes in test results: sex, age, surgical risk, previous chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and presence of comorbidities. In-hospital outcomes were analyzed. Results: The median time between procedures was 27 months (6–84). The probability of change in at least one of the preoperative exams was 1.7% (95% CI: 0.5–2.9), 3.6% (95% CI: 1.8–5.4), and 6.4% (95% CI: 3.9–8.9) during the 12, 24, and 36-month intervals, respectively, for patients aged

Abstract This paper provides a record of the type specimens of Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) housed in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil (MZUSP), with information on 65 primary types and 316 secondary types. These type specimens represent 116 nominal species, currently classified in five infraorders and 14 families. The taxa are presented alphabetically, followed by bibliographic citation, type status, preservation method, collection data, and taxonomic remarks when appropriate.

Resumo Fundamento O diagnóstico diferencial de taquicardia de QRS largo, entre taquicardia ventricular (TV) ou taquicardia supraventricular com condução aberrante (TSV-A) é algumas vezes difícil de ser feito na sala de emergência. Objetivo Avaliar a acurácia de um algoritmo novo e simples para a detecção de TV no eletrocardiograma (ECG) em pacientes com taquicardia de QRS largo. Métodos ECGs de 12 derivações para detecção de taquicardia de QRS largo foram obtidos prospectivamente de 120 pacientes durante estudo eletrofisiológico. Seis médicos com diferentes experiências analisaram os ECGs, e fizeram o diagnóstico com base no algoritmo D12V16, que envolve a análise da polaridade predominante do complexo QRS nas derivações I, II, V1 e V6. O diagnóstico foi comparado com os obtidos pelo algoritmo tradicional de Brugada e pelo estudo eletrofisiológico, o qual é considerado padrão ouro. Adotou-se um nível de significância de 5% (p