Search

Concomitant coagulation disorder can occur in severe patients withCOVID-19, but in-depth studies are limited. This study aimed to describe the parameters of coagulation function of patients with COVID-19 and reveal the risk factors of developing severe disease. This study retrospectively analyzed 113patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Taizhou Public Health Center. Clinical characteristics and indexes of coagulation function were collected. A multivariate Cox analysis was performed to identify potential biomarkers for predicting disease progression. Based on the results of multivariate Cox analysis, a Nomogram was built and the predictive accuracy was evaluated through the calibration curve, decision curve, clinical impact curve, and Kaplan–Meier analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values were calculated to assess the clinical value. The data showed that Fibrinogen, FAR, and D-dimer were higher in the severe patients, while PLTcount, Alb were much lower. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that FAR and PLT count were independent risk factors for disease progression. The optimal cutoff values for FAR and PLT count were 0.0883 and 135*109/L, respectively. The C-index [0.712 (95% CI = 0.610–0.814)], decision curve, clinical impact curve showed that Nomogram could be used to predict the disease progression. In addition, the Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that potential risk decreased in patients with FAR135*109/L.The model showed a good negative predictive value [(0.9474 (95%CI = 0.845–0.986)].This study revealed that FAR and PLT count were independent risk factors for severe illness and the severity of COVID-19 might be excluded when FAR135*109/L.

Functional point-of-care tests (POCTs) have evolved into useful tools for diagnosing disorders of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. We aimed to describe the in vivo association between standard and functional parameters of coagulation and fibrinolysis in the setting of acute hemodilution induced by an infusion of balanced crystalloid or synthetic gelatine solutions. This prospective randomized crossover in vivo study included healthy male volunteers aged 18–30 years. Enrolled participants were randomly assigned to receive either the Optilyte® or Geloplasma® infusion. Laboratory analysis included conventional coagulation parameters and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) assays. A total of 25 healthy Caucasian males were included. ROTEM viscoelastic assays presented moderate to strong correlations with conventional coagulation tests, regardless of the fluid type utilized. Irrespectively of the extent of hemodilution, significant correlations remained unaffected. The strongest associations were found between the ROTEM clot formation and clot strength and the fibrinogen concentration and platelet count, and between the ROTEM clotting time and the APTT and PT. This in vivo experimental study in healthy male volunteers demonstrated that ROTEM may be used as a credible alternative to standard laboratory tests to assess blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in the setting of fluid resuscitation with both crystalloid and colloid solutions. The study was registered online in the ClinicalTrials.gov database (NCT05148650).

Prudent administration of fluids helps restore or maintain hemodynamic stability in the setting of perioperative blood loss. However, fluids may arguably exacerbate the existing coagulopathy. We sought to investigate the influence of balanced crystalloid and synthetic gelatine infusions on coagulation and fibrinolysis in healthy volunteers. This prospective randomized crossover study included 25 males aged 18–30 years. Infusions performed included 20 mL/kg of a balanced crystalloid solution (Optilyte®) or 20 mL/kg of gelatine 26.500 Da (Geloplasma®) in a random order over a period of 2 weeks. Laboratory analysis included conventional coagulation parameters and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) assays. We confirmed a decrease in fibrinogen concentration and the number of platelets, and prolongation of PT after infusions. Compared to baseline values, differences in the ROTEM assays’ results after infusions signified the decrease in coagulation factors and fibrinogen concentration, causing impaired fibrin polymerization and clot structure. The ROTEM indicator of clot lysis remained unaffected. In the case of both Optilyte® and Geloplasma®, the results suggested relevant dilution. Gelatine disrupted the process of clot formation more than balanced crystalloid. Infusions of both crystalloid and saline-free colloid solutions causing up to 30% blood dilution cause significant dilution of the coagulation factors, platelets, and fibrinogen. However, balanced crystalloid infusion provides less infusion-induced coagulopathy compared to gelatine.

Mesothelial cells are fundamental to the maintenance of serosal integrity and homeostasis and play a critical role in normal serosal repair following injury. However, when normal repair mechanisms breakdown, mesothelial cells take on a profibrotic role, secreting inflammatory and profibrotic mediators, differentiating and migrating into the injured tissues where they contribute to fibrogenesis. The development of new molecular and cell tracking techniques has made it possible to examine the origin of fibrotic cells within damaged tissues and to elucidate the roles they play in inflammation and fibrosis. In addition to secreting proinflammatory mediators and contributing to both coagulation and fibrinolysis, mesothelial cells undergo mesothelial to mesenchymal transition, a process analogous to epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and become fibrogenic cells. Fibrogenic mesothelial cells have now been identified in tissues where they have not previously been thought to occur, such as within the parenchyma of the fibrotic lung. These findings show a direct role for mesothelial cells in fibrogenesis and open therapeutic strategies to prevent or reverse the fibrotic process.

Abstract Background Early intramedullary nailing (IMN) of long bone fractures in severely injured patients has been evaluated as beneficial, but has also been associated with increased inflammation, multi organ failure (MOF) and morbidity. This study was initiated to evaluate the impact of primary femoral IMN on coagulation-, fibrinolysis-, inflammatory- and cardiopulmonary responses in polytraumatized patients. Methods Twelve adult polytraumatized patients with femoral shaft fractures were included. Serial blood samples were collected to evaluate coagulation-, fibrinolytic-, and cytokine activation in arterial blood. A flow-directed pulmonary artery (PA) catheter was inserted prior to IMN. Cardiopulmonary function parameters were recorded peri- and postoperatively. The clinical course of the patients and complications were monitored and recorded daily. Results Mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 31 ± 2.6. No procedure-related effect of the primary IMN on coagulation- and fibrinolysis activation was evident. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) increased significantly from 6 hours post procedure to peak levels on the third postoperative day. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) increased from the first to the third postoperative day. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) peaked on the first postoperative day. A procedure-related transient hemodynamic response was observed on indexed pulmonary vascular resistance (PVRI) two hours post procedure. 11/12 patients developed systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), 7/12 pneumonia, 3/12 acute lung injury (ALI), 3/12 adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), 3/12 sepsis, 0/12 wound infection. Conclusion In the polytraumatized patients with femoral shaft fractures operated with primary IMN we observed a substantial response related to the initial trauma. We could not demonstrate any major additional IMN-related impact on the inflammatory responses or on the cardiopulmonary function parameters. These results have to be interpreted carefully due to the relatively few patients included. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00981877