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Abstract P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp, MDR1) is expressed at the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and restricts penetration of its substrates into the central nervous system (CNS). In vitro MDR1 assays are frequently used to predict the in vivo relevance of MDR1‐mediated efflux at the BBB. It has been well established that drug candidates with high MDR1 efflux ratios (ERs) display poor CNS penetration. Following a comparison of MDR1 transporter function between the MDR1‐MDCKI cell line from National Institutes of Health (NIH) and our internal MDR1‐MDCKII cell line, the former was found to provide better predictions of in vivo brain penetration than our in‐house MDR1‐MDCKII cell line. In particular, the NIH MDR1 assay has an improved sensitivity to differentiate the compounds with ERs of

Introduction. Spontaneous intramural oesophageal haematoma is a rare condition that usually occurs secondary to an acute or chronic coagulation disorder. The presenting complaint is often with retrosternal chest pain and most patients are initially investigated to exclude more common causes in the differential diagnosis, such as acute coronary syndromes. Severe life-threatening bleeding or perforation seldom, if ever, arises. Case Presentation. We present a case of spontaneous oesophageal haematoma which appears to have developed gradually in a 69-year-old female with uncontrolled hypertension and antiplatelet medication use. The diagnosis was made on computed tomography imaging and was further evaluated with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Management was conservative and a follow-up endoscopy two weeks later showed almost complete resolution of the lesion. Discussion. Spontaneous oesophageal haematomas are very rare and usually result in the separation of the mucosal layer from the underlying muscle, presenting with chest pain, haematemesis, and dysphagia. Usually the diagnosis is one of exclusion, based on computed tomography imaging and endoscopy. Conservative management is almost always successful.