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O artigo objetiva analisar se a omissão da regulamentação a respeito dos incentivos fiscais pode constituir empecilho ao desenvolvimento da cultura da doação no Brasil, em uma pesquisa de Direito Comparado face ao exemplo dos Estados Unidos da América. A pergunta colocada é de que modo a ausência de previsão de incentivos fiscais na disciplina jurídica dos fundos patrimoniais pode incentivar, ou não, a cultura da doação no cenário brasileiro, considerando a existência de incentivos fiscais no regime jurídico americano. Utilizou-se metodologia de abordagem hipotético-dedutiva, método de procedimento comparativo funcional e pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Conclui-se que a ausência de incentivos fiscais para a doação a fundos patrimoniais constitui empecilho ao desenvolvimento da cultura da doação no Brasil, ainda que o exemplo americano ajude a demonstrar que importa não apenas a existência de incentivos fiscais, mas que o arranjo destes seja eficiente.

Schlomo Ibn Gabirol (Avicebron), judeu espanhol medieval sob o domínio islâmico, foi um pensador heterodoxo e original em todas as áreas nas quais atuou. Expulso da comunidade judaica por um herem em 1045, as informações confiáveis sobre sua vida se perdem. Nesse período escreveu sua obra metafísica fundamental, cujo original árabe foi perdido e a nossos dias chegou apenas a tradução latina Fons Vitae. Nesta obra descreve a realidade do mundo criado a partir de uma composição universal por matéria e forma. Por trás de sua linguagem marcadamente aristotélica, apresenta um modelo de matriz neoplatônica em que matéria e forma interagem de modo dinâmico para a formação das realidades inteligíveis e sensíveis. Aqui pretendemos mostrar que, nem exatamente uma ontologia, nem propriamente uma henologia, sua metafísica se desenvolve a partir de uma dialética radical bastante peculiar.

Schlomo Ibn Gabirol (Avicebron), judeu espanhol medieval sob o domínio islâmico, foi um pensador heterodoxo e original em todas as áreas nas quais atuou. Expulso da comunidade judaica por um herem em 1045, as informações confiáveis sobre sua vida se perdem. Nesse período escreveu sua obra metafísica fundamental, cujo original árabe foi perdido e a nossos dias chegou apenas a tradução latina Fons Vitae. Nesta obra descreve a realidade do mundo criado a partir de uma composição universal por matéria e forma. Por trás de sua linguagem marcadamente aristotélica, apresenta um modelo de matriz neoplatônica em que matéria e forma interagem de modo dinâmico para a formação das realidades inteligíveis e sensíveis. Aqui pretendemos mostrar que, nem exatamente uma ontologia, nem propriamente uma henologia, sua metafísica se desenvolve a partir de uma dialética radical bastante peculiar.

Soft metals have been widely added into ceramic-based films for fully meeting the demanding requirements of green tribological applications. However, the resulting considerable increase of the mechanical strength by adding a soft metal below 5 at.%, which reversed the rule-of-mixture, was still not fully revealed. In this paper, a case study of TiN-Ag films was carried out to investigate the strengthening mechanism induced by adding soft metal in TiN-Ag composite/multilayered films deposited by magnetron sputtering. The results showed that dual-phases of fcc-TiN and fcc-Ag co-existed in the composite films with the Ag particles embedded in the matrix. In some areas of the Ag particles, with a size below 4 nm, epitaxial growth with the TiN template was detected, which obliged the lattice to be distorted and shrunken. Consequently, both hardness and elastic modulus were enhanced from 21 and 236 GPa, for the reference TiN film, to 26 and 323 GPa for the TiN-Ag composite film with 2.4 at.% Ag. The possibility of having the epitaxial growth of Ag within TiN were also confirmed by designing a TiN/Ag multilayered film with an Ag layer thickness of ∼3 nm.

This research highlights the incorporation of 3D printing and blockchain technology into aeronautical manufacturing and certification procedures with an aim to increase operational efficiency. The integration of 3D printing allows for streamlined production, while the immutable features of blockchain provide traceability and certification advantages, thus offering the potential for transformative impacts within the aviation supply chain. This study primarily focuses on investigating the implications and multiple benefits of this integration into the aviation industry. Furthermore, given the absence of economic assessments priorly conducted on this integration, the study also includes a mathematical formulation that provides a quantifiable measure of the achievable return on investment. Two distinct case studies provide real data as evidence supporting the efficacy of this proposed integrated model. The outcome suggests a new paradigm for the supply chain ecosystem, leading to operational improvements and economic benefits.

O resíduo líquido da extração de óleo de palma, chamado palm oil mill effluent (POME), tem alto acúmulo de matéria orgânica, sendo uma fonte de energia renovável. Por essa razão, objetiva-se avaliar a produção de biogás a partir do fruto do dendê em uma lagoa anaeróbia coberta, que foi implantada por uma indústria do estado do Pará para aproveitamento energético. Para isso, levantaram-se dados do processo industrial, do tipo de tratamento de efluente e da conversão do resíduo em um novo produto. Visitas foram feitas na indústria para que se tivesse uma noção da operação do sistema e da captação do biogás e sua conversão em energia elétrica. Os principais parâmetros para controle operacional da lagoa são: demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), pH e temperatura. O valor médio do pH foi de 7,43, e o da temperatura foi de 38,3°C, com uma carga orgânica volumétrica (COV) de 24,73 kgDQO/m³.dia, com eficiência de remoção de DQO de 91% e produção média de 139,04 m3/dia de metano. O metano gerou uma média de 28,01 MWh de energia elétrica, utilizada para alimentação da planta industrial.

Internal erosion is a phenomenon that occurs in soils constituting hydraulic structures under the influence of internal flow. This erosion occurs because of pipe erosion which becomes widespread, leading in some cases to the rupture of the structure. Soils susceptible to piping, generally have particle size instability. This study aims to provide an empirical understanding of the initiation and development of erosion in coarse soil obtained near Biskra’s dam in Algeria. To assess the soil’s dispersiveness chemical analyses such as SAR and PS were conducted, as well as the particle size criteria were verified. The soil was examined in-depth using a double hydrometer test along with Crumb tests. A Hole Erosion Test (HET) device is developed to investigate the effect of certain parameters, such as the compaction degree and the hole diameter on internal erosion’s onset and progression. The results have shown the instability of the soil toward internal erosion given the considerably eroded particles. furthermore, an inverse relationship between the eroded particles mass and the degree of compaction and the initial hole’s diameter is observed.

Abstract Background Systematic reviews of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) are considered high-level evidence to support a decision on therapeutic interventions, and their methodological quality is essential to provide reliable and applicable results. Objective This meta-epidemiological study aimed to map and critically appraise systematic reviews assessing treatments for vesiculobullous skin diseases. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search strategy on MEDLINE (via Pubmed) in December 2022 without restrictions to find systematic reviews evaluating pharmacological interventions for vesiculobullous skin diseases. The methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 tool, and additional information was extracted. We identified nine systematic reviews published between 2002 and 2021, seven assessing pemphigus. Results According to the AMSTAR-2 tool, 55.6% were classified as critically low quality, 22.2% as moderate quality, 11.1% as low and 11.1% as high quality. No review assessed the certainty of the evidence (GRADE); 86% of pemphigus reviews had at least two overlapping RCTs. There were some limitations regarding methodological flaws and the AMSTAR-2 tool use Conclusions These findings reveal a frail methodological quality of systematic reviews about vesiculobullous diseases treatment that may impact the results. Therefore, methodological rigor is mandatory for future systematic reviews to avoid duplication of effort and increase the certainty of the evidence supporting decision-making.

The demand for efficient engineering components operating in harsh environments has necessitated the exploration of advanced protective measures. Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) have emerged as a promising solution for improving the performance, durability, and lifespan of components exposed to high temperatures, corrosive conditions, and neutron irradiation. Advanced ceramic materials specially pyrochlore of zirconates significance are enhancing the performance and longevity of components exposed to extreme thermal conditions. Dual-phase innovative zirconate coatings and their hot corrosion mechanism, a complex phenomenon involving the simultaneous presence of multiple corrosive species, is extensively explored. The interplay between different corrosion mechanisms and their impact on TBCs are elucidated, providing valuable insights for the development of effective mitigation strategies. This article addresses the understanding the hot corrosion mechanism and corrosion types, new innovative dual phase composite systems with improved properties, their experience with molten salt and pure oxidation environments followed by the stresses experienced by TBCs, highlighting the importance of understanding and managing mechanical and thermal stresses during operation. Coatings design, material selection, and advanced manufacturing techniques are discussed as key factors in alleviating these stresses and enhancing TBC performance. To overcome the challenges associated with hot corrosion and stresses, innovative strategies are being investigated. These include the development of novel coatings compositions, the incorporation of protective layers, advanced characterization techniques, and the exploration of alternative materials. This piece of review article provides a thorough analysis of these techniques and how they might increase the robustness and dependability of TBCs. Finally, we highlight the contemporary applications of TBCs in gas turbines, aero engines, nuclear industries, and other high-temperature situations.

The application of geotextiles as filter materials in various systems, such as biofilters, wetlands, and wastewater treatment plants, has grown significantly in recent years. The ability of these materials to support biofilm growth makes them ideal for the removal of organic and inorganic contaminants present in wastewater. The objective of this research was to analyze clogging through variations in permeability, using column tests for 80 days with two types of nonwoven geotextiles with different grammages (GT120 and GT300), as well as to study the efficiency in the removal of organic matter. A synthetic wastewater was used, allowing the specific observation of biological clogging and the treatment carried out exclusively by microorganisms. The results indicated that bioclogging was not a significant factor within the experimental period. Through the mass test, a continuous increase in biofilm growth over time was observed for both geotextiles. For scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images, GT300 presented a larger biofilm area. A higher removal of COD (80%), N (52%), and P (36%) by microorganisms present in GT300 was found, which appears to be associated with its greater thickness and weight. The higher mesh density provides a larger area for the growth of microorganisms, allowing a greater amount of biomass to establish itself and contributing to the efficient removal of pollutants. These findings highlight the potential of using geotextile filters in wastewater treatment applications, where biofilm growth can positively contribute to contaminant removal without immediately compromising permeability.

Introduction Physical restraint (PR) is prescribed in patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU) to avoid unplanned removal of medical devices. However, it is associated with an increased risk of delirium. We hypothesise that a restrictive use of PR, as compared with a systematic use, could reduce the duration of delirium in ICU patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation.Methods and analysis The Restrictive use of Restraints and Delirium Duration in ICU (R2D2-ICU) study is a national multicentric, parallel-group, randomised (1:1) open-label, controlled, superiority trial, which will be conducted in 10 ICUs. A total of 422 adult patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation for an expected duration of at least 48 hours and eligible for prescription of PR will be randomly allocated within 6 hours from intubation to either the restrictive PR use group or the systematic PR use group, until day 14, ICU discharge or death, whichever comes first. In both groups, PR will consist of the use of wrist straps. The primary endpoint will be delirium or coma-free days, defined as the number of days spent alive in the ICU without coma or delirium within the first 14 days after randomisation. Delirium will be assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method-ICU twice daily. Key secondary endpoints will encompass agitation episodes, opioid, propofol, benzodiazepine and antipsychotic drug exposure during the 14-day intervention period, along with a core outcome set of measures evaluated 90 days postrandomisation.Ethics and dissemination The R2D2-ICU study has been approved by the Comité de Protection des Personnes (CPP) ILE DE FRANCE III—PARIS (CPP19.09.06.37521) on June 10th, 2019). Participant recruitment started on 25 January 2021. Results will be published in international peer-reviewed medical journals and presented at conferences.Trial registration number NCT04273360.

Reducing friction is a promising strategy to decrease material losses and energy consumption in industrial systems. However, in aqueous-lubricated steel contacts, the contact pressure rarely exceeds 50 MPa during super-low friction due to excessive wear. This work demonstrates that even in steel/steel contacts, by combining graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with aqueous glycerol, it is possible to maintain super-low friction (µ ≈ 0.012) under a contact pressure as high as 316.5 MPa. Moreover, the use of GQDs improved the wear performance by 98 % compared to pure aqueous glycerol due to the formation of a tribochemical film, resulting from the electrostatic adsorption of GQDs on the positively charged sites on the worn surface. In particular, the exfoliation of graphene sheets within GQDs, the shearing of graphene layers inside the GQDs, and the OH–OH repulsion between the asperities shortens the running-in period and consequently reduces the friction and wear. At the same time, the formation of a chemically adsorbed tribofilm containing friction-induced structurally degraded GQDs protects the surface from wear and facilitates the maintenance of super-low friction at high contact pressures by improving the load-carrying capacity. This study suggests that green nano-lubricants based on GQDs have immense potential in sustainable engineering.

The electrical characteristics and conduction mechanisms of ZrAlN thin films for their potential use as thermistor sensors were assessed. Various compositions of Zr1-xAlxN were synthesized by sputtering and studied up to 200 °C to understand their sensitivity and applicability. Among the compositions studied, the ones with x = 0.34 and x = 0.46 showed the highest sensitivities, reaching values close to 3000 K. However, the thermo-resistive properties exhibited by these compositions limited their utilization above 100 °C. Zr1-xAlxN film compositions with x higher than 0.46 showed amorphous structures and were found to be insulative. Composition with x = 0.26, within the cubic phase, showed the most promising electrical properties regarding temperature sensing in the studied range. XPS analysis of this composition confirmed the presence of Zr-N and Al-N bonds, with a Zr3+ oxidation state, which suggests the availability of a free electron contributing to the electrical conduction. Impedance measurements performed at different temperatures for this composition revealed the dominant role of the grain boundaries in the conduction mechanism, based upon electron hopping between grains, overcoming the energy barrier imposed by the grain boundaries. ZrAlN thin films demonstrate negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor behavior, expanding their applications beyond protective coatings to temperature monitoring.

This study investigates an approach to temperature sensing by integrating Titanium Aluminum Nitride (TiAlN), originally engineered for wear and corrosion applications, as a temperature sensor within a multilayered thin film system. A nitride multilayer system was developed by physical vapor deposition (PVD) using a single four-target magnetron sputtering chamber; intermediate vacuum interruption steps were employed for masking procedures. The multilayer architecture design aimed to provide the sensor layer with mechanical protection and electrical shielding. Structural and electrical characterization of the TiAlN single layer revealed semiconductor behavior and stable electrical resistance up to 750 °C, with minimal signal stabilization requirements. Despite the higher Al content, the TiAlN temperature sensor exhibited a cubic crystal structure characterized by diffuse nanolayers, resulting from a two-fold rotational deposition and target configuration. A detailed examination of the multilayer system cross-section containing the TiAlN sensor was conducted using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The analysis revealed its columnar morphology with the presence of typical PVD growth defects, including voids and droplets. While the presence of these defects may impact the electrical characteristics of the sensor, the selected experimental conditions effectively maintained the structural integrity of the multilayer system despite the vacuum interruptions caused by masking procedures. Validation experiments confirmed the functionality of the multilayer system for temperature measurements up to 400 °C. The signal acquisition system addressed room temperature resistance variations and low sensitivity (thermistor coefficient ∼100 K), resulting in a measured error of approximately 6%. This study demonstrates promising results of TiAlN as a temperature sensor within a multilayered system, expanding its range of potential applications.

Transcrição e tradução de carta (de 27 de agosto de 1856) de Alphonse de Lamartine para Leonel de Alencar, irmão do escritor José de Alencar.

Abstract Atmospheric dust deposition can modulate the earth’s climate and atmospheric CO2 through fertilising the ocean (nutrient source) and by accelerating the biological carbon pump through fuelling the ballasting process. To distinguish the biogeochemical effects of Saharan dust with respect to fertilization and ballasting, and to gain a broader perspective on the coccolith calcite Sr/Ca in relation to the drivers of coccolith export production, we determined the coccolith-Sr/Ca from a one-year (2012–2013) time-series sediment trap record in the western tropical North Atlantic (M4—49°N/12°W). High Sr/Ca were linked to enhanced export production in the upper part of the photic zone, most notably under windier, dry, and dustier conditions during spring. Attenuated Sr/Ca in the autumn probably reflect a combination of lower Sr-incorporation by dominant but small-size placolith-bearing species and the presence of “aged” coccoliths rapidly scavenged during a highly productive and usually fast export event, likely added by (wet) dust ballasting. Higher Sr/Ca observed in the large coccolith size fractions support the existing notion that larger-sized coccolithophores incorporate more Sr during calcification under the same environmental conditions. The presence of the abnormally Sr-rich species Scyphosphaera apsteinii is also shown in the separated large fraction of our Sr/Ca seasonal data.

Soil erosion has been causing an imbalance in nature and the environment. It is mainly caused naturally but is also due to human interventions leading to desertification and possible contamination. Therefore, engineering, geography, and cartography have been allies in applying erosion models to predict, address, and remediate the impacts. Therefore, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) linked to Geographic Information Systems (GISs) could boost decision making as tools to mitigate issues. This study applies the RUSLE and SWAT models from a geotechnical point of view to analyze a sub-watershed at Idanha-a-Nova (Portugal) over 4 years, showing a predominant erosion risk class with losses lower than 5 t.ha−1.year−1 (60 to 86%), characterized as very low risk. The modeling permitted the development of soils erosion susceptibility charts, in addition to material availability and the suitability for construction areas, exposing a replicable methodology that could contribute to minimizing environmental impacts while encouraging a more intelligent use of the land towards a greener exploration.

Com a funcionalização do direito privado, o exercício do direito de propriedade passou a ser condicionado a uma função social. Essa posição possui particular fundamento no funcionalismo de Léon Duguit. Ainda assim, o direito de propriedade segue consagrado como direito humano fundamental em documentos nacionais e internacionais. Assim, surgem dúvidas a respeito da compatibilidade entre o conceito de função social e o direito de propriedade como direito humano fundamental. Nesse cenário, importa defrontar o funcionalismo de Duguit face a teoria da justiça como equidade de Rawls, que preserva a vontade do indivíduo face às vontades da maioria. O problema de pesquisa consiste em analisar em que medida a teoria da justiça como equidade de Rawls pode constituir alternativa ao fundamento funcionalista de Léon Duguit para a compatibilização entre o direito fundamental de propriedade e sua função social. Para tanto, a pesquisa faz uso de pesquisa bibliográfica e revisão de literatura nacional e internacional. Na primeira etapa do estudo, busca-se compreender o movimento de funcionalização do direito de propriedade e o paradigma da propriedade-dever. Após, é analisada a fundamentação ao direito de propriedade na teoria de Léon Duguit. Na terceira etapa, objetiva-se entender a teoria da justiça como equidade de John Rawls. Enfim, relaciona-se a teoria de Rawls com o direito de propriedade como um direito fundamental. Conclui-se que o conceito de função social baseado na racionalidade de Duguit possui dificuldades de se compatibilizar com os direitos fundamentais, no que a racionalidade liberal-igualitária de John Rawls constitui alternativa ou possibilidade crítica a esse fundamento.

AimThe pathogenesis of chronic diabetes complications has oxidative stress as one of the major elements, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes belonging to antioxidant pathways modulate susceptibility to these complications. Considering that melatonin is a powerful antioxidant compound, our aim was to explore, in a longitudinal cohort study of type 1 diabetes (T1D) individuals, the association of microvascular complications and SNPs in the gene encoding melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A).MethodsEight SNPs in MTNR1A were genotyped in 489 T1D individuals. Besides cross-sectional analyses of SNPs with each one of the microvascular complications (distal polyneuropathy, cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, retinopathy, and diabetic kidney disease), a longitudinal analysis evaluated the associations of SNPs with renal function decline in 411 individuals followed up for a median of 8 years. In a subgroup of participants, the association of complications with urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) concentration was investigated.ResultsThe group of individuals with a renal function decline ≥ 5 mL min−1 1.73 m−2 year−1 presented a higher frequency of the A allele of rs4862705 in comparison with nondecliners, even after adjustment for confounding variables (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.20–2.82; p = 0.0046). No other significant associations were found.ConclusionsThis is the first study showing an association between a variant in a gene belonging to the melatonin system and renal function decline in the diabetic setting.

Abstract Background During pregnancy, the increase in maternal insulin resistance is compensated by hyperplasia and increased function of maternal pancreatic beta cells; the failure of this compensatory mechanism is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Serotonin participates in beta cell adaptation, acting downstream of the prolactin pathway; the blocking of serotonin receptor B (HTR2B) signaling in pregnant mice impaired beta cell expansion and caused glucose intolerance. Thus, given the importance of the serotoninergic system for the adaptation of beta cells to the increased insulin demand during pregnancy, we hypothesized that genetic variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) in the gene encoding HTR2B could influence the risk of developing GDM. Methods This was a case–control study. Five SNPs (rs4973377, rs765458, rs10187149, rs10194776, and s17619600) in HTR2B were genotyped by real-time polymerase chain reaction in 453 women with GDM and in 443 pregnant women without GDM. Results Only the minor allele C of SNP rs17619600 conferred an increased risk for GDM in the codominant model (odds ratio [OR] 2.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.53–3.09; P

This study focused on the development and characterization of multi-layered nickel coatings doped with WS2 nanoparticles and electrodeposited on copper substrates. To enhance the solar collector’s performance by improving the solar radiation conversion into heat, two distinct undercoatings were evaluated, along with the incorporation of WS2 nanoparticles in the black nickel layer. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the bright and dull nickel undercoatings consisted of metallic nickel, whereas the black coatings comprised amorphous nickel oxide, inferred to be Ni2O3 based on energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the undercoatings and black nickel morphology showed a compact surface with a relatively homogenous microstructure composed of polyhedric grains, which was free of visible cracks or pinholes. The undercoating influenced the brightness, the reflectivity and the reflectance of the black nickel films, with the dull undercoated sample showing the most promising results, with a total absorbance of 0.94. The incorporation of WS2 nanoparticles induced the formation of cracks and increased the porosity of the black nickel film. With an appropriate content of WS2 nanoparticles and the use of a dull undercoat, these drawbacks can be avoided. Concerning the integration of WS2 nanoparticles, a minor decrease in the brightness of the black films and a subsequent increase in the total absorbance ultimately led to an enhancement of the conversion of solar energy into thermal energy.

Abstract Background Plants of the Myrcia genus have been widely used in folk medicine to treat various diseases, including cancer. Myrcia splendens species has a diverse chemical constitution, but the biological activities of its essential oil have not been well investigated. In this study to out the chemistry characterization of essential oil (EO) from the leaves of the species M. splendens from Brazil and evaluate cytotoxic effect in A549 lung cancer cells. Methods M. splendens EO was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). EO was isolated and evaluated for cellular viability in tumor cell lines by MTT assay. The evaluation of the formation of clones and the migratory capacity of the A549 cells treated with EO was done by the clonogenic assay and the wound healing assay. Morphological changes were observed in A549 cells by fluorescence using Phalloidin/FITC and DAPI. Results 22 compounds were identified in the chemical analysis of EO, corresponding to 88% of the sample. Major compounds were the sesquiterpenic hydrocarbons bicyclogermacrene (15.4%), germacrene D (8.9%) and E-caryophyllene (10.1%). The biological analysis of the EO showed high cytotoxic activity with an IC50 below 20 µg/ml in the THP-1, A549 and B16-F10 tumor cells. The treatment with EO reduced colony formation and inhibited the migratory capacity of A549 cells. Furthermore, apoptotic morphological changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm of A549 cells was observed after of treatment with EO. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that the M. splendens EO has cytotoxic compounds for the A549 lung cancer cells. Treatment with the EO decreased the colony formation and reduced the ability of lung cancer cells to migrate. Future studies may be used to isolate compounds from the EO for the study of lung cancer.

No cenário pandêmico, as adversidades em relação aos direitos fundamentais é de protegê-los, mais que justificá-los. E é nesse cenário de restrições sociais e econômicas que o uso de tecnologia pode ser um grande aliado na atividade jurisdicional. O presente trabalho tem por problema de pesquisa e objetivo demonstrar como a incorporação de soluções tecnológicas impactou a prestação do serviço público de assistência judiciária pela Defensoria Pública do Estado do Pará durante a pandemia. Para tal escopo, utilizou-se de método hipotético-dedutivo com a utilização de pesquisa exploratória para formação do referencial teórico quanto ao Estado Digital e a influência das novas tecnologias diante do cenário da pandemia voltado à assistência judiciária realizada pela Defensoria Pública do Estado do Pará. A estrutura desta pesquisa permite examinar se a solução tecnologia adotada pelo órgão público em tela por meio do Conexão Defensoria contribuiu, não apenas para a continuidade da assistência judiciária, como também para aferir se houve ou não o aumento de atendimentos à população. Conclui-se que com a criação da plataforma eletrônica Conexão Defensoria e outros sistemas tecnológicos para acesso remoto, constatou significativo aumento quantitativo de atendimentos em referência a números anteriores a pandemia, bem como se apresenta a necessidade de difusão de mais informações à população, em especial, os em vulnerabilidade digital.

Entrevista com o compositor e regente João Guilherme Ripper sobre suas óperas epistolares, "Domitila" e "Cartas Portuguesas".

Stem cells have potential applications in the field of neurological diseases, as they allow for the development of new biological models. These models can improve our understanding of the underlying pathologies and facilitate the screening of new therapeutics in the context of precision medicine. Stem cells have also been applied in clinical tests to repair tissues and improve functional recovery. Nevertheless, although promising, commonly used stem cells display some limitations that curb the scope of their applications, such as the difficulty of obtention. In that regard, urine-derived cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, their obtaining can be challenging due to the low yield and complexity of the multi-phased and typically expensive differentiation protocols. As an alternative, urine-derived stem cells (UDSCs), included within the population of urine-derived cells, present a mesenchymal-like phenotype and have shown promising properties for similar purposes. Importantly, UDSCs have been differentiated into neuronal-like cells, auspicious for disease modeling, while overcoming some of the shortcomings presented by other stem cells for these purposes. Thus, this review assesses the current state and future perspectives regarding the potential of UDSCs in the ambit of neurological diseases, both for disease modeling and therapeutic applications.

The influence of V content on the morphology, structure, hardness (H) and reduced Young's modulus (E), adhesion, and oxidation resistance of TiAlSiN coatings is investigated. The coatings were produced by DC reactive magnetron sputtering, with increasing V contents from 0, 4.8 and 11.0 at.%. All coatings exhibit a fcc type structure. The coating with 4.8 at.% of V shows the highest values of H and E, whereas the values are similar for the reference coating and the coating with 11.0 at.% of V. The coatings adhere well to the substrates and show a dense and compact columnar growth extending from the adhesive interlayer to the top surface of the coatings. The dynamic thermal gravimetric oxidation curves reveal that V additions decreases the onset point of oxidation significantly and degrades the oxidation resistance of the coatings. A dual oxide layer is formed on the top surface of the reference coating: an outer porous Ti–Al–O rich layer with plate-like features on the top, which classified to TiO2 (rutile and anatase) and Al2O3 phases, and an inner Ti–Si–O rich layer with Al depletion that identified as mixture of amorphous Si–O and Ti–Si–O protective oxides. The diffusion of V to the top surface governs the oxidation process of the V-containing coatings, i.e. increasing V concentration leads to disrupt the formation of the protective continuous oxide layers easily.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major worldwide neurological disorder with no neuroprotective treatment available. Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models of brain contusion serving as a screening platform for drug testing are lacking. Here we developed a new in vitro model of brain contusion on organotypic cortical brain slices and tested its responsiveness to mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) derived secretome. A focal TBI was induced on organotypic slices by an electromagnetic impactor. Compared to control condition, a temporal increase in cell death was observed after TBI by propidium iodide incorporation and lactate dehydrogenase release assays up to 48 h post-injury. TBI induced gross neuronal loss in the lesion core, with disruption of neuronal arborizations measured by microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) immunostaining and associated with MAP-2 gene down-regulation. Neuronal damage was confirmed by increased levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL), microtubule associated protein (Tau) and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) released into the culture medium 48 h after TBI. We detected glial activation with microglia cells acquiring an amoeboid shape with less ramified morphology in the contusion core. MSC-secretome treatment, delivered 1 h post-injury, reduced cell death in the contusion core, decreased NfL release in the culture media, promoted neuronal reorganization and improved microglia survival/activation. Our 3D in vitro model of brain contusion recapitulates key features of TBI pathology. We showed protective effects of MSC-secretome, suggesting the model stands as a tractable medium/high throughput, ethically viable, and pathomimetic biological asset for testing new cell-based therapies.

This paper is motivated by the implementation of the new banking supervision structure in the European Union (EU) and the possible conflict of interest between monetary policy and the supervision authority within the European Central Bank (ECB). The empirical analysis considers the relationship between the structure of banking supervision and the compliance with the Basel Core Principles (BCP) for effective supervision. A sample of 21 countries and the Euro Area (EA) is used. In addition to the structure of bank supervision, a list of independent variables is considered to explain the dependent variable. The results suggest that the supervisory structure has no statistical significance at any notable significance level on compliance with the BCP. On the contrary, financial freedom is a statistically significant variable.

OBJECTIVE: to describe five children with Congenital Giant Melanocytic Nevus (NMCG) at the Dermatology Service at the State University of Pará in Belém - PA, Brazil. CASE DESCRIPTION: patients aged 1 to 11 years, four of whom were female, all of them brown, in good nutritional status, prenatal without complications, and denied consanguinity. The five cases presented lesions on the trunk, with different distribution patterns: swimming trunks (1), body (1), back (1), and bolero (2), most with more than fifty satellite lesions containing hypertrichosis and pruritus. In the histopathological analysis, all of them were compatible with a nevus, one of the cases was associated with a neurofibroma, two with neurocutaneous melanosis and one with melanoma in the brain, evolving to death. COMMENTS: Congenital Giant Melanocytic Nevus is a rare condition, defined by the presence of a melanocytic lesion, measuring at least 20 cm, present since birth. It has its clinical relevance due to the association with serious complications such as melanoma and / or neurocutaneous melanosis. The registration of this series aims to contribute to greater knowledge about the disease, which has physical, psycho-emotional, social, and risk of malignancy implications.

O artigo objetiva investigar como a modulação regulatória em tríplice hélice pode contribuir para a formação de um ambiente jurídico-institucional colaborativo na regulação dos fundos patrimoniais. Para tanto, está dividido em três etapas. A primeira se dedica a delimitar o conceito dos fundos patrimoniais a partir do atual cenário regulatório no direito brasileiro estabelecido com a Lei nº 13.800/2019. A segunda está voltada à apresentação do modelo de regulação colaborativa e a modulação em tríplice hélice. Por fim, a terceira busca investigar como a formação de uma modulação em tríplice hélice pode ser aplicada na regulação dos fundos patrimoniais, considerando o escopo de fomento do interesse público. Utilizou-se metodologia de abordagem hipotético-dedutiva e pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Conclui-se que a modulação regulatória em tríplice hélice, por ser pautada em consenso e no diálogo entre entes públicos e privados, demonstra-se como consonante à construção de um ambiente jurídico-institucional colaborativo propício aos fundos patrimoniais, ao permitir que os atores envolvidos discutam entraves existentes e soluções potencializadoras por meio de múltiplas formas de regulação que dependerão da matéria regulada.

Abstract Capacitively Coupled (CCoupled) electric fields are used to stimulate cell cultures in Tissue Engineering. Knowing the electric field (E-Field) magnitude in the culture medium is fundamental to establish a relationship between stimulus strength and cellular effects. We analysed eight CCoupled studies and sought to corroborate the reported estimates of the E-Field in the culture medium. First, we reviewed the basic physics underlying CCoupled stimulation and delineated three approaches to estimate the E-field. Using these approaches, we found that the reported values were overestimated in five studies, four of which were based on incorrect assumptions. In all studies, insufficient information was provided to reproduce the setup exactly. Creating electrical models of the experimental setup should improve the accuracy of the E-field estimates and enhance reproducibility. For this purpose, we developed a free open-source tool, the E-field Calculator for CCoupled systems, which is available for download from an internet hosting platform.

Consumers are increasingly seeking natural alternatives to chemical compounds, including the use of dried aromatic plants as seasonings instead of salt. However, the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in food supplements and dried plants has become a concern because of their link to liver diseases and their classification as carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Despite European Union (EU) Regulation (EU) 2023/915, non-compliance issues persist, as indicated by alerts on the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) portal. Analyzing PAs poses a challenge because of their diverse chemical structures and low concentrations in these products, necessitating highly sensitive analytical methods. Despite these challenges, ongoing advancements in analytical techniques coupled with effective sampling and extraction strategies offer the potential to enhance safety measures. These developments aim to minimize consumer exposure to PAs and safeguard their health while addressing the growing demand for natural alternatives in the marketplace.

The perception and explanation of changes in the mechanical behaviour of contaminated soils are associated with physical classification and chemical composition. Elements are evolutionary in this type of soil and in the context of a contaminated environment. Let’s start by evaluating a group of artificial soils. The matrix is a granitic residual soil with a mixture (M) of hydraulic lime with used lubricating oil. The samples used have proportions of 5, 10, 15 and 20% of M in the residual granitic soil. A soil sample with 5% oil (OS5) was also made, which constitutes the optimal oil content in the soil. Afterwards, the alteration of the physical-chemical identification and the evolutionary classifications of these artificial soils were studied. The structure of the soil is altered, and this is associated with the flocculation of fine particles by the effect of lime and oil and will probably influence the mechanical behaviour of the soils. In chemical terms, it is assumed an increase in the leaching index, a decrease in the chemical mobility index and an increase in losses when it comes to artificial samples. These indices show some potential in the assessment of pollution, but eventually need adjustments, mainly in the scales.

Geoenvironmental engineering involves defining solutions for complex problems, such as containment systems management, contaminant transport control, wastewater management, remediation of contaminated sites and valorization of geomaterials and wastes. In the last years, energy harvesting (EH)—or energy scavenging—methods and technologies have been developed to reduce the dependence on traditional energy sources, namely fossil fuels, and nuclear power, also responding to the increase in energy demands for human activities and to fulfill sustainable development goals. EH in geoenvironmental works and the surrounding soil and water environment includes a set of processes for capturing and accumulating energy from several sources considered wasted or unusable associated with soil dynamics; the stress and strain of geomaterials, hydraulic, vibrations, biochemical, light, heating and wind sources can be potential EH systems. Therefore, this work presents a review of the literature and critical analysis on the main opportunities for EH capturing, accumulating and use in geoenvironmental works, among basic electric concepts and mechanisms, analyzing these works in complex conditions involving biological-, chemical-, mechanical-, hydraulic- and thermal-coupled actions, concluding with the main investigation and challenges within geoenvironmental aspects for EH purposes.

The work presents a detailed analysis of the synthesis, compositional, morphological, structural, mechanical and diverse atmosphere sliding characteristics of reactive sputtered W–S–N coatings. The aim is to perform an organized study to explore the sliding performance in three different environments (room temperature, 200 °C and dry N2) and disseminate the results to promote the application of TMD-N coatings for actual industrial implementation. All coatings are sub-stoichiometric in sulphur with respect to WS2 phase. The coatings show highly compact morphologies, as compared to the literature results. The pure WSx coating has (100) preferential orientation. However, the N-alloyed ones display strong (002) preferential orientation which is usually linked to a high sliding efficiency. The pure and W/S/N coatings exhibit a maximum hardness values of 3.7 GPa and 8.0 GPa, respectively. The minimum friction coefficient and wear rates observed for W–S–N coatings in room temperature, 200 °C and dry N2 are 0.09 vs. 7.2 × 10−8 mm3/Nm, 0.02 vs. 7.1 × 10−8 mm3/Nm and 0.03 vs. 9.3 × 10−9 mm3/Nm, respectively. On the other hand, the sliding properties at room temperature are comparable to the literature for both TMD-N and TMD-C coatings.

Abstract Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal infection affecting women worldwide. This infection is characterized by the loss of the dominant Lactobacillus community in the vaginal microbiota and an increase of anaerobic bacteria, that leads to the formation of a polymicrobial biofilm, mostly composed of Gardnerella spp. Treatment of BV is normally performed using broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as metronidazole and clindamycin. However, the high levels of recurrence of infection after treatment cessation have led to a demand for new therapeutic alternatives. Thymbra capitata essential oils (EOs) are known to have a wide spectrum of biological properties, including antibacterial activity. Thus, herein, we characterized two EOs of T. capitata and tested their antimicrobial activity as well as some of their main components, aiming to assess possible synergistic effects. Our findings showed that carvacrol and ρ-cymene established a strong synergistic antimicrobial effect against planktonic cultures of Gardnerella spp. On biofilm, carvacrol and linalool at sub-MIC concentrations proved more efficient in eliminating biofilm cells, while showing no cytotoxicity observed in a reconstituted human vaginal epithelium. The antibiofilm potential of the EOs and compounds was highlighted by the fact cells were not able to recover culturability after exposure to fresh medium.

Introduction: Obesity is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in childhood, being an important public health issue. Excessive weight has been associated with autonomic dysfunction but the evidence in children is scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of overweight and obesity on the autonomic nervous system activity, in children. Material and Methods: Data from a cross-sectional study of 1602 children, aged 7 to 12 years, was used and 858 children were included in the analysis. Body mass index was calculated and classified according to criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). Body composition was characterized by bioelectrical impedance. Linear regression models were used to determine the association between body mass index, body composition and the autonomic nervous system activity, assessed by pupillometry. Results: Average dilation velocity was higher among children with obesity, according to the CDC and percentage of body fat criteria (β = 0.053, 95% CI = 0.005 to 0.101 and β = 0.063, 95% CI = 0.016 to 0.109, respectively). The same trend was observed for WHO and IOTF criteria (β = 0.045, 95% CI = -0.001 to 0.091, and β = 0.055, 95% CI = -0.001 to 0.111, respectively). CDC and WHO body mass index z-scores were also positively associated with the values of average dilation velocity (rs = 0.030, p = 0.048; and rs = 0.027, p = 0.042, respectively). Conclusion: Our findings suggest an association between body mass and changes in the autonomic activity, Moreover, this study provides proof of concept for interventions targeting the prevention/treatment of obesity in children that may offer some benefit in re-establishing the balance of the autonomic nervous system, and subsequently preventing the consequences associated with the autonomic nervous system dysfunction.

IntroductionThe excitability of spinal motor neurons (MN) can be altered through subthreshold currents, such as transcutaneous spinal direct-current stimulation (tsDCS). Current evidence shows that tsDCS can interfere with ascending somatosensory pathways and lower motor neurons’ (LMN) excitability, which points to its therapeutic potential for repairing altered spinal responses. We aim to define the best tsDCS montage for maximizing the electric field (E-field) in the lumbar spinal cord (L-SC) by computer modeling; and to apply this montage to measure the effect on LMN excitability and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP).MethodsA human volume conductor model was obtained from an available database. The E-field distribution was calculated considering three different electrode settings aiming at maximizing the field at L-SC and right dorsal root ganglia (DRG). The best electrode setting was then selected and applied in a blind crossover pseudo-randomized study including 14 subjects. tsDCS was delivered for 15 min (cathodal vs. sham) over L2 vertebra level (4 mA, 144 mC/cm2), and its effect on F-waves, H-reflex (including homosynaptic depression, HD) and SSEPs was investigated in the lower limbs.ResultsAll simulated montages showed higher current density and E-field magnitudes between the electrodes (>0.15 V/m), with a major longitudinal component and with rostral-caudal direction. The induced E-field involved the sensory ganglia and was maximum in the right T8-left L2 montage, which was the one selected for the experimental protocol. We disclosed a statistically significant increase of the H-reflex amplitude at 0.1 Hz, after cathodal tsDCS (c-tsDCS) on both sides. No other significant change was observed.DiscussionOur results can suggest the c-tsDCS applied to the L-SC and DRG can modulate synaptic efficiency increasing lower motor neurons response to Ia fibers excitation. The possible implications of our findings for treating clinical conditions will be addressed in future studies.

With the increase in global life expectancy, maintaining health into old age becomes a challenge, and research has thus concentrated on various strategies which aimed to mitigate the effects of skin aging. Aromatic plants stand out as promising sources of anti-aging compounds due to their secondary metabolites, particularly essential oils (EOs). The aim of this study was to ascribe to Ferulago lutea EO several biological activities that could be useful in the context of skin aging. The EO was obtained using hydrodistillation and characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The anti-inflammatory potential was assessed using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. The effect on cell migration was disclosed using scratch wound assay. Lipogenesis was induced using T0901317, hyperpigmentation with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxantine (IBMX) and senescence with etoposide. Our results show that the EO was characterized mainly by α-pinene and limonene. The EO was able to decrease nitric oxide (NO) release as well as iNOS and pro-IL-1β protein levels. The EO promoted wound healing while decreasing lipogenesis and having depigmenting effects. The EO also reduced senescence-associated β-galactosidase, p21/p53 protein levels and the nuclear accumulation of γH2AX. Overall, our study highlights the properties of F. lutea EO that make it a compelling candidate for dermocosmetics applications.

Diazo compounds are organic substances that are often used as precursors in organic synthesis like cyclization reactions, olefinations, cyclopropanations, cyclopropenations, rearrangements, and carbene or metallocarbene insertions into C−H, N−H, O−H, S−H, and Si−H bonds. Typically, reactions from diazo compounds are catalyzed by transition metals with various ligands that modulate the capacity and selectivity of the catalyst. These ligands can modify and enhance chemoselectivity in the substrate, regioselectivity and enantioselectivity by reflecting these preferences in the products. Porphyrins have been used as catalysts in several important reactions for organic synthesis and also in several medicinal applications. In the chemistry of diazo compounds, porphyrins are very efficient as catalysts when complexed with low-cost metals (e.g., Fe and Co) and, therefore, in recent years, this has been the subject of significant research. This review will summarize the advances in the studies involving the field of diazo compounds catalyzed by metalloporphyrins (M−Porph, M = Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir) in the last five years to provide a clear overview and possible opportunities for future applications. Also, at the end of this review, the properties of artificial metalloenzymes and hemoproteins as biocatalysts for a broad range of applications, namely those concerning carbene-transfer reactions, will be considered.

Abstract Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are widely used in preclinical models of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Results are promising in terms of neurological improvement but are hampered by wide variability in treatment responses. We made a systematic review and meta-analysis: (1) to assess the quality of evidence for MSC treatment in TBI rodent models; (2) to determine the effect size of MSCs on sensorimotor function, cognitive function, and anatomical damage; (3) to identify MSC-related and protocol-related variables associated with greater efficacy; (4) to understand whether MSC manipulations boost therapeutic efficacy. The meta-analysis included 80 studies. After TBI, MSCs improved sensorimotor and cognitive deficits and reduced anatomical damage. Stratified meta-analysis on sensorimotor outcome showed similar efficacy for different MSC sources and for syngeneic or xenogenic transplants. Efficacy was greater when MSCs were delivered in the first-week post-injury, and when implanted directly into the lesion cavity. The greatest effect size was for cells embedded in matrices or for MSC-derivatives. MSC therapy is effective in preclinical TBI models, improving sensorimotor, cognitive, and anatomical outcomes, with large effect sizes. These findings support clinical studies in TBI.

O envelhecimento da população é uma realidade cada vez mais presente em Portugal. Neste processo é natural identificar o declínio funcional e a diminuição da autonomia nas Atividades da Vida Diária (AVD’s), A avaliação das capacidades físicas e cognitivas revelam-se de extrema importância para o idoso. Objetivo: Caracterizar a habilidade do Jogo Labirinto como indicador de mobilidade funcional, capacidade cognitiva e medo de cair em idosos institucionalizados. Metodologia: Foi selecionada uma amostra, por conveniência, de 13 indivíduos com idade média de 80.92 6.24 anos, com capacidade de deambulação em curtas distâncias preservada. Os instrumentos aplicados foram: Timed up and Go (TUG) para avaliar a mobilidade funcional; o Six-Item Cognitive Impairment Test (6-CIT) para avaliar a capacidade cognitiva; a Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) para avaliar o medo de cair; o Jogo Labirinto. Resultados: As correlações obtidas foram fortes entre a mobilidade funcional (TUG) e a performance do jogo Labirinto (r=0.765; p=0.002), a capacidade cognitiva (6-CIT) e a performance do jogo Labirinto (r=0.622; p=0.023), medo de cair (FES) e a performance do jogo Labirinto (r=0.666; p=0.013). Conclusão: Os resultados observados demonstram o potencial elevado do Jogo labirinto como instrumento para avaliar a mobilidade funcional, a capacidade cognitiva e o medo de cair. Futuros trabalhos devem incluir amostras mais vastas, com idosos inseridos na comunidade. Palavras Chave: Envelhecimento, avaliação, mobilidade funcional, medo de cair, capacidade cognitiva, jogo, terapia recreativa, marcha. Resumen. El envejecimiento de la población es una realidad cada vez más presente en Portugal. En ese proceso, es natural identificar el declive funcional y la disminución de la autonomía en las Actividades de la Vida Diaria (AVD’s). La evaluación de las capacidades físicas y cognitivas es de extrema importancia para el anciano. Objetivo: Caracterizar la habilidad del Juego Laberinto como indicador de movilidad funcional, capacidad cognitiva y miedo a caer en adultos mayores. Metodología: Se seleccionó una muestra por conveniencia de 13 individuos con una edad media de 80,92 ± 6,24 años, con capacidad conservada para caminar en distancias cortas. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron: Timed up y Go (TUG) para evaluar la movilidad funcional; la prueba de deterioro cognitivo de seis ítems (6-CIT) para evaluar la capacidad cognitiva; la Escala de Eficacia de Caídas (FES) para evaluar el miedo a caerse; el juego del laberinto. Resultados: Las correlaciones obtenidas fueron fuertes entre la movilidad funcional (TUG) y el desempeño del juego (r=0,765; p=0,002), la capacidad cognitiva (6-CIT) y el desempeño del juego (r=0,622; p =0,023), el miedo a caer (FES) y el desempeño del juego (r=0,666; p=0,013). Conclusión: Los resultados observados demuestran el alto potencial del Juego Laberinto como instrumento para evaluar la movilidad funcional, la capacidad cognitiva y el miedo a caer. Futuros trabajos deberán incluir muestras más amplias, con ancianos insertos en la comunidad. Palabras clave: Envejecimiento, evaluación, movilidad funcional, miedo a caer, capacidad cognitiva, juego, terapia recreativa, caminar. Abstract. The aging of the Portuguese population is an increasingly present reality in Portugal. In this process, it is natural to identify some functional decline and the decreased autonomy in Activities of Daily Living (ADL’s). The assessment of physical and cognitive abilities reveals to be extremely important for the elderly. Objective: To characterize the Maze Game skill as an indicator of functional mobility, cognitive ability and fear of falling in elderly people with social response. Methodology: A convenience sample of 13 individuals with a mean age of 80.92 ± 6.24 years was selected, with preserved walking ability in short distances. The following instruments were implemented: the Timed up and Go (TUG) to assess functional mobility; the Six-Item Cognitive Impairment Test (6-CIT) to assess cognitive ability; the Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) to assess fear of fall; and the Maze. Results: The correlations obtained were strong between functional mobility (TUG) and the performance of the Maze game (r=0.765; p=0.002), the cognitive capacity (6-CIT) and the performance of the Maze game (r=0.622; p =0.023), fear of falling (FES) and the performance of the Maze game (r=0.666; p=0.013). Conclusion: The study’s results demonstrate high potential considering the Maze Game as an instrument to assess functional mobility, cognitive ability and fear of falling. Future works should include broader samples, with elderly people inserted in the community. Key words: Aging, assessment, functional mobility, fear of falling, cognitive ability, games, recreation therapy, gait.

A autonomia privada existencial, como expressão da dignidade da pessoa humana, representa para o indivíduo a possibilidade de agir em conformidade com valores e significados eleitos essenciais na elaboração do seu projeto de vida. Neste estudo, seus autores, dois terapeutas ocupacionais, dois advogados e uma psicóloga, somam saberes e dialogam com intuito de demarcar a relevância da autonomia privada existencial nas condições de demência avançada, nos estados vegetativos permanentes e na iminência de morte. Na tarefa a que se propõem, os autores ponderam sobre suas experimentações e interlocuções enquanto profissionais de formação acadêmica diversificada, inclinados a ofertar espaços para comunicar vida e acolher dores. São apresentadas e discutidas as bases jurídicas da autonomia privada, assim como os pressupostos da Logoterapia de Viktor Frankl em defesa da liberdade de vontade e da dignidade no final da vida.

Enzyme reactions at interfaces are common in both Nature and industrial applications but no general kinetic framework exists for interfacial enzymes. Here, the authors kinetically characterize 83 cellulases and identify a scaling relationship between ligand binding strength and maximal turnover, a so-called linear free energy relationship, which may help rationalize cellulolytic mechanisms and guide the selection of technical enzymes.

Fungal infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, being highly prevalent in patients with underlying health complications such as chronic lung disease, HIV, cancer, and diabetes mellitus. To mitigate these infections, the development of effective antifungals is imperative, with plants standing out as promising sources of bioactive compounds. In the present study, we focus on the antibiofilm potential of Lavandula multifida essential oil (EO) against dermatophyte strains and Candida albicans. The EO was characterized using GC and GC–MS, and its antifungal effect was assessed on both biofilm formation and disruption. Biofilm mass, extracellular matrix, and viability were quantified using crystal violet, safranin, and XTT assays, respectively, and morphological alterations were confirmed using optical and scanning electron microscopy. L. multifida EO showed very high amounts of carvacrol and was very effective in inhibiting and disrupting fungal biofilms. The EO significantly decreased biofilm mass and viability in all tested fungi. In addition, a reduction in dermatophytes’ extracellular matrix was observed, particularly during biofilm formation. Morphological alterations were evident in mature biofilms, with a clear decrease in hypha diameter. These promising results support the use of L. multifida EO in the development of effective plant-based antifungal products.

Since the occurrence of tumours is closely associated with the telomerase function and oncogene expression, the structure of such enzymes and genes are being recognized as targets for new anticancer drugs. The efficacy of several ligands in telomerase inhibition and in the regulation of genes expression, by an effective stabilisation of G-quadruplexes (G4) DNA structures, is being considered as a promising strategy in cancer therapies. When evaluating the potential of a ligand for telomerase inhibition, the selectivity towards quadruplex versus duplex DNA is a fundamental attribute due to the large amount of double-stranded DNA in the cellular nucleus. This study reports the evaluated efficacy of three tetracationic opp-dibenzoporphyrins, a free base, and the corresponding zinc(II) and nickel(II) complexes, to stabilise G4 structures, namely the telomeric DNA sequence (AG3(T2AG3)3). In order to evaluate the selectivity of these ligands towards G4 structures, their interaction towards DNA calf thymus, as a double-strand DNA sequence, were also studied. The data obtained by using different spectroscopic techniques, such as ultraviolet-visible, fluorescence, and circular dichroism, suggested good affinity of the free-base porphyrin and of its zinc(II) complex for the considered DNA structures, both showing a pattern of selectivity for the telomeric G4 structure. A pattern of aggregation in aqueous solution was detected for both Zn(II) and Ni(II) metallo dibenzoporphyrins and the ability of DNA sequences to induce ligand disaggregation was observed.