Search

Abstract Purpose The aim was to translate and adapt The Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport after Injury Scale (ACL‐RSI) to Spanish and provide evidence of its psychometric properties and responsiveness in a both sexes multisport sample. Methods ACL‐RSI Spanish version (SP ACL‐RSI) was obtained by forward‐back‐translation method. Internal consistency, test‐retest reliability, construct validity and responsiveness were assessed. Standardized response mean (SRM), smallest detectable change (SDC) and minimally important change (MIC) were obtained by anchor‐based method. The sample consisted of n = 132 multisport patients who underwent ACL‐RSI. Sixty‐seven patients (Group A) completed test‐retest of the SP ACL‐RSI within 15 days and 65 patients (Group B) fulfilled SP ACL‐RSI, the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK‐11), the International Knee Documentation Committee‐Subjective Knee Form (IKDC‐SF 2000), the Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) preoperative, 6 and 12 months. Results The SP ACL‐RSI shows satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.95) and test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.92), with acceptable floor (9%) and ceiling (6%) effects. Convergent validity was supported with moderate positive correlations with KOOS and IKDC‐SF 2000 dimensions, and a negative correlation with the TSK (p

Introducción: La altura del arco medial del pie es una característica de gran importancia, no solo por su relación con la probabilidad de sufrir lesiones y con la eficacia de sus tratamientos, sino también por ser un motivo de consulta clínica habitual tanto en población infantil como adulta. El diagnóstico y las decisiones terapéuticas deben basarse en la evidencia de su eficacia y, a su vez, en mediciones objetivas, válidas y fiables. Los objetivos de este artículo son dos: 1) describir un instrumento de medición de la postura y la movilidad del pie y su protocolo y 2) proponer unos valores de referencia basados en sus medias y puntos de corte. Pacientes y métodos: Se describe el protocolo de exploración del pie mediante la plataforma de medición antropométrica del pie (p-MAP), con las que se obtienen la altura del arco dorsal y la anchura del mediopié, así como la movilidad en ambos planos y global del pie. Se proporcionan valores de referencia y puntos de corte para categorizar los pies en base a 1525 sujetos. Resultados: Los valores de media (desviación típica) para la altura del arco dorsal son de 64.5 mm (5.6) en carga y 74.2 mm (5.0) en descarga, mientras que para la anchura del mediopié son de 83.5 mm (6.3) en carga y 75 mm (4.9) en descarga. El Índice de la Altura del Arco (IAA), que no tiene unidades por lo que se pueden comparar poblaciones con tamaños de pies muy distintas, presenta un valor de 0.251 (0.02). Los valores de movilidad tienen una media (desviación típica) de 11.31 mm (2.37) para la altura del arco doral, 9.51 mm (2.94) para la anchura del mediopié y 10.80 (2.80) para la movilidad global. Se proporcionan también los valores ± 1 y ± 1.5 desviaciones típicas y los IC 95 %. Conclusiones: Se ha descrito la p-Map y el protocolo de medición que permite cuantificar de forma fiable y válida la postura y el grado de movilidad del pie. Se aportan los valores medios y unos puntos de corte en base a 1 y 1.5 desviaciones típicas que permiten establecer los valores de normalidad en base a 1525 sujetos.

An objective analysis of the human movement can help both clinical assessment and sports performance. Kinovea is a free 2D motion analysis software that can be used to measure kinematic parameters. This low-cost technology has been used in sports sciences, as well as in the clinical and research fields. One interesting tool is that it can measure an object (or person) passing in front of the camera, taking into account the perspective between the camera and the recorded object. Although it has been validated as a tool to assess time-related variables, few studies assessed its validity compared to a Gold Standard; furthermore, its reliability in different perspectives has not been previously assessed. The main objective of this study is to determine the validity of the Kinovea software compared to AutoCAD, and its intra and inter-rater reliability in obtaining coordinates data; a second objective is to compare their results at 4 different perspectives (90°, 75°, 60° and 45°) and to assess the inter and intra rater reliability at each perspective. For this purpose, a wire structure figure in the shape of a human lower limb was designed and measured in AutoCAD; it was then recorded during a pendular motion with a video-camera placed at distance of 5 m and analyzed with Kinovea in the 4 perspectives (90°, 75°, 60° and 45°). Each frame was examined by three observers who made two attempts. A multiple approach was applied involving the analysis of the systematic error, with a two-way ANOVA 2x4; the relative reliability with Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and the Coefficient of Variance (CV) (95% confidence interval); and the absolute reliability with the Standard Error (SE). The results indicate that the Kinovea software is a valid and reliable tool that is able to measure accurately at distances up to 5 m from the object and at an angle range of 90°-45°. Nevertheless, for optimum results an angle of 90° is suggested.

Abstract Background In‐shoe foot orthoses improve conditions such as plantar heel pain (fasciitis), probably due to their ability to raise the medial longitudinal arch of the foot and lower the stress on the plantar tissues. Increasingly the arch‐profile form of the in‐shoe foot orthosis is being incorporated into sandal footwear, providing an alternative footwear option for those who require an orthosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if a sandal that incorporates the arch‐profile of an in‐shoe foot orthosis does indeed raise the medial longitudinal arch. Methods Three commercially available non‐medical devices (contoured and flat sandal, prefabricated in‐shoe orthosis) worn by healthy individuals were studied in two independent experiments, one using radiographic measurements in Australia (n = 11, 6 female, age 26.1 ± 4.3 yrs, BMI 22.0 ± 2.4 kg/m2) and the other utilising anthropometric measures in the USA (n = 10, 6 female, age 26.3 ± 3.8 yrs, BMI 23.5 ± 3.7 kg/m2). A barefoot condition was also measured. Dorsal arch height was measured in both experiments, as well as in subtalar neutral in the anthropometric experiment. One way repeated measures ANOVA with follow up Bonferroni‐corrected pairwise comparisons were used to test differences between the conditions (contoured and flat sandal, orthosis, barefoot). Mean difference and 95% confidence intervals (CI) and standardised mean differences (SMD) were also calculated. Results The contoured sandal significantly increased dorsal arch height compared to barefoot and flat sandal in both the anthropometric and radiographic experiments with SMD ranging from 0.95 (mean difference 5.1 mm (CI: 0.3, 1.6)) to 1.8 (4.3 mm (1.9, 6.6)). There were small differences between the contoured sandal and orthosis of 1.9 mm (0.6, 3.3) in the radiographic experiment and 1.2 mm (‐0.4, 0.9) in the anthropometric experiment. The contoured sandal approximated the subtalar neutral position (0.4 mm (‐0.5, 0.7)). Conclusions Medial longitudinal arch height is elevated by contoured sandals and approximates subtalar joint neutral position of the foot and that achieved by an orthosis. Practitioners wanting to increase the medial longitudinal arch can do so with either an orthosis or a contoured sandal that includes the raised arch profile form of an orthosis.