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Background: Isoproterenol, a β-adrenergic agonist, may induce myocardial infarction when used in high dosage in rats. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the ethanol extract of Kleinhovia hospita leaves on cardiac biomarkers and myocardial structures of rats induced by isoproterenol. Methods: Male rats (n=30) were assigned as a normal controls or treatment groups. The treatment groups received pretreatments, either placebo or the extract at doses of 250, 500, or 750 mg/kg for 14 days, followed by two isoproterenol injections at 100 mg/kg. After 24 hours, blood samples were taken and the hearts dissected. The tested cardiac biomarkers were creatinine kinase myocardial band (CKMB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Heart histopathology analysis was performed followed by staining of samples with hematoxylin and eosin. Results: The isoproterenol injections significantly increased CKMB and LDH levels in the placebo group compared to those in normal controls. Pretreatment with the extract at doses of 500 and 750 mg/kg significantly reduced the serum CKMB and LDH levels compared to those of the placebo. The histopathological examinations showed the presence of diffused necrosis and severe inflammation in the placebo group. Pretreatment with the extract at 500 or 750 mg/kg significantly reduced the myocardial tissue damages in rats. Conclusion: The K. hospita extract at doses of 500 or 750 mg/kg significantly reduced the infarctions in the rats’ heart tissue, shown by significantly low levels of CKMB and LDH, and reduced necrotic lesions and inflammation in the rat heart tissue samples induced by isoproterenol pretreatment.

Cardiac dysfunction can be prevented by addressing risk factors including unhealthy diet with other lifestyle modifications. The present study demonstrates the effect of diet mixed with sea and table salts on cardiac remodeling with respect to CKMB, renin, angiotensin II, interleukin-6 and 10. Animals divided into six groups. Normal control, Table salt (0.3%), Natural sea salt (0.3%), Doxorubicin-induced cardiac remodeling control (2 mg/kg), + Normal table salt (0.3%) and Doxorubicin + Natural sea salt (0.3%) . Serum analysis and histopathology of heart, liver and kidney was performed. Significant variation (P

Objective: To assess the rise in CKMB and Myoglobin levels and associated factors in non-cardiac patients of ischemic stroke presenting to the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Emergency Medicine, Pak Emirates Military Hospital (PEMH), Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Dec 2020 to May 2021. Methodology: A total of 150 patients with ischemic stroke diagnosed by the consultant Emergency physician or medical specialist based on clinical and neuro-radiological findings were included in this study. Serum CKMB and myoglobin levels were assessed along with other baseline investigations among the study participants. In addition, the relationship of age, gender, the severity of the stroke and the presence of non-cardiac comorbidities was assessed with the rise in CKMB and myoglobin levels among the target population. Results: Out of 200 patients with ischemic stroke included in the study, 114(67.0%) were males, while 86(43.0%) were females. 75(37.5%) patients had either raised CKMB or Myoglobin levels, while 125(62.5%) patients had both biomarkers within range. On the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, 110(55.0%) patients had mild, 55(22.5%) had mild to moderately severe, 25(12.5%) had severe, and 10(5.0%) had very severe symptoms. Statistical analysis revealed that increased stroke severity had a statistically significant relationship (p-value

The myocardial infarction (MI) types 4a and 5 guidelines recommend cardiac troponin (cTn) diagnostic decision limits of 5 and 10 times the 99th percentile, respectively. Different cTn kits elicit different responses, so the MI diagnosis is still challenging. The study aimed to establish the cutoff values and the accuracy of three different cTnI kits in the diagnosis of post-procedural MI. We analyzed 115 patients with multivessel stable chronic coronary artery disease; 26 underwent percutaneous coronary intervention, and 89 underwent coronary artery bypass graft. Delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging was performed before and after each intervention for definitive MI diagnoses. Two contemporary and one high-sensitivity cTnI immunoassays were used. ROC curves determined the accuracy of each assay. Low accuracy was observed after applying the current guidelines recommendations. The three cTnI assays accuracies improved when adjusted by the new ROC cutoffs, reaching 82% for MI type 5 for all assays, and 78%, 88%, and 87% for MI type 4 for Siemens, Beckman, and Abbott, respectively. The ultrasensitive and contemporary tests’ accuracy for MI types 4a and 5 diagnoses are equivalent when adjusted for these new cutoffs. The hs-cTnI assays had lower accuracy than contemporary tests for MI types 4a and 5 diagnoses.

Background and aims: Hemodialysis patients have an enhanced risk for cardiovascular events. Cardiac biomarkers provide useful information for stratifying their risk. However the prognosis value of creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CKMB) has not yet been validated in this population. The aim of the present study is to determine the predictable value of CK-MB in hemodialysis. Methods: A cohort of 211 hemodialysis patients (58.3% male, median age 73 (60–80) years) were followed for 39 (19–56) months. Cardiac biomarkers including CKMB were recorded at baseline. Factors associated to CKMB and prognosis value of this biomarker was studied. Results: The median value of CKMB was 1 (1–2) ng/mL with no patient exceeding normal laboratory values. Previous heart disease, diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease and systolic and diastolic dysfunction were associated with higher levels of CKMB. Ninety-four patients (44.5%) cardiovascular events were recorded. CKMB levels ≥2 ng/mL was independently associated to cardiovascular events during the follow up after adjusting. Adding CKMB to a model including several variables for predicting cardiovascular events, resulted in 17% improvement in risk discrimination (IDI) with a relative IDI of 9.9% (p = 0.04). Conclusions: CKMB is a good marker for stratifying cardiovascular risk in hemodialysis patients and adds prognosis information to other well known independent predictors for cardiovascular events.

Background and aims: Hemodialysis patients have an enhanced risk for cardiovascular events. Cardiac biomarkers provide useful information for stratifying their risk. However the prognosis value of creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CKMB) has not yet been validated in this population. The aim of the present study is to determine the predictable value of CK-MB in hemodialysis. Methods: A cohort of 211 hemodialysis patients (58.3% male, median age 73 (60–80) years) were followed for 39 (19–56) months. Cardiac biomarkers including CKMB were recorded at baseline. Factors associated to CKMB and prognosis value of this biomarker was studied. Results: The median value of CKMB was 1 (1–2) ng/mL with no patient exceeding normal laboratory values. Previous heart disease, diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease and systolic and diastolic dysfunction were associated with higher levels of CKMB. Ninety-four patients (44.5%) cardiovascular events were recorded. CKMB levels ≥2 ng/mL was independently associated to cardiovascular events during the follow up after adjusting. Adding CKMB to a model including several variables for predicting cardiovascular events, resulted in 17% improvement in risk discrimination (IDI) with a relative IDI of 9.9% (p = 0.04). Conclusions: CKMB is a good marker for stratifying cardiovascular risk in hemodialysis patients and adds prognosis information to other well known independent predictors for cardiovascular events.

Aim: Not only the progressive increase in indications for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) attracts the attention, but also the myocardial damage that may develop after this technique. In this paper, the significance of cardiac markers in detecting myocardial damage following PTCA is discussed. Methods: 47 randomly selected patients, who have undergone PTCA procedure for different reasons, had blood analysis of cTnI and CK-MB levels before and after the procedure between 6 and 12 hours. Chemiluminescent Enzyme Immunoassay method was applied for cTnI and kinetic immunoinhibition method was applied for CK-MB. Results: Significant increase was found in levels of cTnI (p

Com o objetivo de estudar a influência do exercício físico prolongado na indução de lesão miocárdica e na desqualificação de equinos em provas de enduro, colheram-se 87 amostras de sangue de equinos adultos Árabes e mestiços para determinação da concentração sérica da isoenzima MB (CKMB), da atividade sérica de creatina quinase (CK) e do índice CKMB/CK. Dividiram-se as amostras da seguinte forma: C (controle, n = 34): equinos em repouso, no dia anterior à competição; G1 (n = 24): equinos que finalizaram as competições; G2 (n = 14): equinos desqualificados durante as competições por causa metabólica e G3 (n = 15): equinos desqualificados durante as competições por claudicação. Os valores medianos obtidos de CKMB, para os grupos C, G1, G2 e G3, foram respectivamente 2,25; 2,95; 1,95 e 2,40 ng/mL; para a atividade de CK, os resultados foram 164,2; 1228,0; 840,0 e 581,0 U/L a 30°C; e para o índice CKMB/CK, os resultados foram 1,41; 0,21; 0,23 e 0,42%. Houve média correlação positiva entre distância percorrida e CKMB e CK, e negativa entre distância e índice CKMB/CK. O exercício físico de resistência não leva a aumento significante dos valores da isoenzima CKMB, mas sim da atividade sérica da enzima CK, indicando dano à musculatura esquelética. Animais desqualificados por causa metabólica parecem não apresentar envolvimento de lesão miocárdica na causa de desqualificação. Não foi possível verificar a presença de lesão cardíaca induzida pelo exercício em equinos de enduro e sua relação com causas metabólicas de desqualificação a partir da utilização de CKMB como único marcador cardíaco.